Although supply chain is regarded as an integrated pr ocess, actually, researchers and practitioners have primarily investigated the v arious processes of the supply chain individually. The competitive field in most m...Although supply chain is regarded as an integrated pr ocess, actually, researchers and practitioners have primarily investigated the v arious processes of the supply chain individually. The competitive field in most markets requires well-designed integrated supply chain instead of individual o perations. In this paper, some traditional thinking of supply chain is given fir st, then SCM (Supply Chain Management) is introduced, which views the entire sup ply chain as a whole rather than individual process and aims to increase transpa rency and alignment of the supply chain’s coordination and configuration, regar dless of functional or corporate boundaries. Secondly, issues regarding the significance and the situation of supply chain management in enterprises of Chin a are briefly described. In china, most enterprises haven’t established the ide a of supply chain management, supply chain are just focused on the step from sup pliers to manufacturers, which is a partial but not whole supply chain. Challeng ed by intense competition in the global market, further research on supply chain management is badly needed in China, if not, traditional pattern must be overwh elmed by world competition. Finally, suggestions for future research, especial ly the required conditions for a successful adoption of supply chain managemen t, are outlined. Organizations with Supply chain management can realize the advantages of backward vertical integration. However the following issues must b e paid attention to before supply chain management pattern is established.(1) Ch anging the corporate cultures of all members in the value chain to make it condu cive to supply chain management.(2) Developing long-term, cooperative and certi fied relationship with key suppliers.(3) Developing supply chain management soft ware that includes a completely integrated information system based on distr ibuted database throughout supply chain.(4) Reconstructing organization structur e adapting to supply chain management pattern.(5) Developing evaluation system f or performance measures of supply chain. In a word, supply chain management patt ern is necessary for domestic enterprises to win in intense world competition, w hile developing fitting pattern with key prerequisites is the most important.展开更多
With the vehement development of global competition , Agile Supply Chain (ASC) becomes an effective approach that supports dynamic ent erprise alliance and realizes agile manufacturing, as for the enterprises to cap t...With the vehement development of global competition , Agile Supply Chain (ASC) becomes an effective approach that supports dynamic ent erprise alliance and realizes agile manufacturing, as for the enterprises to cap ture market opportunities rapidly and strengthen their anti-risk ability. As Ag ile Supply Chain System (ASCS) is dynamic and distributed, the realization of it ’s processes needs to be much flexible. Often in Agile Supply Chain System (ASCS ), there are many dynamic tasks, many changes of the processes, and cooperative workflows, which need the workflows able to be adjusted agilely and smoothly, no t much affecting others. This paper will propose a flexible workflow management for achieving the agility and compatibility. At the first of the paper, we will discuss the situation in which Agile Supply C hain System is applied, and then we will elaborate the characteristics of Agile Supply Chain System. So with that, the shortcomings of the process managements t hat are, at present, used in Supply Chain Systems will be displayed clearly. The n, the proposal will be given in the paper, to resolve the problems in the prese nt process management in ASCS. We will see supply chain systems implemented mult i-agent-based technology to adapt to the dynamic environment, however in many systems, coordination of the workflows is executed by the explicit messages comm unicated between the agents. This will lead to a tightly coupled system. To over come it, the paper suggests the workflow management in agent-based ASCS using t he Events-Triggering mechanism, instead of the explicit messages. We create Eve nts-Triggering contents and rules, having push-pull mechanism, event-state se t and triggering-conditions, and store them in the distributed database subject ed to the corresponding agents. Adjusting the Events-Triggering data will be us ed to adapt to the dynamic tasks and the changes of processes. In sum, we will p resent the methods of process modeling, the system structure, and the executing -mechanism of the flexible workflow management we propose in the paper. Also, t he paper outlines several exception-handling policies for the flexible workflow management, in succession. And at the final of the paper, we discuss the realiz ation of the flexible workflow management in Agile Supply Chain System. The flex ible workflow management will be implemented using CORBA services and Java techn ology for the distributed systems. CORBA is chosen as the specification of distr ibuted electronic data exchange, and Java as the construction tool of the system . The framework of the flexible workflow management constructed on them is showe d in the paper.展开更多
In improving the competitiveness of business organi sa tion in the 21st century, minimising cost and increasing productivity are no lon ger factors that could promise the success. The changes in customer trends whic h...In improving the competitiveness of business organi sa tion in the 21st century, minimising cost and increasing productivity are no lon ger factors that could promise the success. The changes in customer trends whic h focusing more on product or service customising, high quality and short delive ry times are additional crucial factors that organisation should be aware of. T hese factors have direct relations on how the management could utilise the capab ility of its supply chain management (SCM). The importance of SCM in organisati on specifically to manufacturer is to play a vital role in managing the flow of material and information along the chain from suppliers to customers. In a trad itional way, SCM is mainly manage by the production department in organisation b ut with the advancement in information technology, resulted the changes in worki ng environment. One of the ways that could be implemented in decision making p rocess in order to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of the decision is t hrough collaborative environment. Due to this situation, there is a need to rede sign the existing SCM in order to optimise its capability and functionality in t he way to ensure the organisation competitiveness is sustainable. A minor or ma jor alignment to SCM business processes should be done in order to streamline th e flow of information, which could also affect the flow of materials. Factors s uch as SCM operational, structural and even its managerial are among the issues that are critical in redesigning its business process. Each of these factors has its own attributes such as lead-times, complexity, frequency and organisationa l setting that could lead in improving organisational competitiveness. In additi on, by identifying these factors, it would help the management to plan and desig n the collaborative SCM that would effectively correspond to the changes in busi ness and customer trends. The intention of the paper is to promote a list of fa ctors and attributes, which are critical in redesigning an existing SCM in order to shift its environment to become collaborative SCM. By utilising these facto rs and attributes, a model for redesigning SCM into collaborative environment is currently developed by the author and will be used in the next stage of his res earch.展开更多
To improve the performance of the supply chain with one supplier and multiple retailers under deterministic price-sensitive customer demand, an optimal strategy is proposed based on knowledge discovery. First the dece...To improve the performance of the supply chain with one supplier and multiple retailers under deterministic price-sensitive customer demand, an optimal strategy is proposed based on knowledge discovery. First the decentralized system in which the supplier and the retailers are independent, profit-maximizing participants with the supplier acting as a Stackelberg game leader is studied. Numerical examples illustrate the importance of the coordination. The conventional quantity discount mechanism needs to be modified to coordinate the supply chain, so a revenue-sharing contract is proposed to coordinate such supply chain. Lastly, a special decision under certain demand rates is studied. The pricing and replenishment policies can be decided sequentially, which yields much less loss comparing with optimal decision when the demand rates are sufficiently large.展开更多
Studies show that supply chain cooperation improves supply chain performance. However, it remains a challenge to develop and implement the realistic supply chain cooperation scheme. We investigate a two-echelon supply...Studies show that supply chain cooperation improves supply chain performance. However, it remains a challenge to develop and implement the realistic supply chain cooperation scheme. We investigate a two-echelon supply chain planning problem with capacity acquisition decision under asymmetric cost and demand information. A simple negotiation-based coordination mechanism is developed to synchronize production/order strategies of a supplier and a buyer. The coordination scheme shows how the supplier and the buyer modify their production and order policy in order to find a joint economic lot sizing plan, which saves the overall supply chain cost. The allocation of the cooperation benefit is determined by negotiation. Due to the complexity of the multiple periods, multiple level supply chain lot sizing with capacity decision, a heuristic algorithm is developed to find coordination solutions. Finally, the results of the numerical study indicate the performance of supply chain coordination scheme.展开更多
The sources of supply chain enterprise risk from different aspects including material flow, information flow, cash flow and partner relationship is analyzed. Measures for risk reduction have also been summarized from ...The sources of supply chain enterprise risk from different aspects including material flow, information flow, cash flow and partner relationship is analyzed. Measures for risk reduction have also been summarized from the aspects of risk sharing, information sharing, change of inventory control mode, and supply chain flexibility. Finally, problems in current research on supply chain risk management are pointed out and a discussion on future research trend is presented.展开更多
为有效解决建筑行业内外部环境不确定性与建筑供应链复杂性、脆弱性之间的矛盾,促进建筑供应链网络整体安全稳定,防范化解节点企业中断风险,基于复杂网络理论和级联失效模型提出一种建筑供应链网络抗毁性分析方法。首先从业务、资源、...为有效解决建筑行业内外部环境不确定性与建筑供应链复杂性、脆弱性之间的矛盾,促进建筑供应链网络整体安全稳定,防范化解节点企业中断风险,基于复杂网络理论和级联失效模型提出一种建筑供应链网络抗毁性分析方法。首先从业务、资源、信息流通角度,利用TOPSIS(technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution)方法根据多个复杂网络中心性指标对节点企业进行重要度评估,其次结合建筑供应链运营特点,建立改进的负载-容量-弹性级联失效模型,在蓄意攻击下从网络损失角度衡量企业中断的影响,从节点容量、负载、弹性角度分析探讨网络抗毁性的提升策略。经过数值仿真与分析,研究表明:(1)建筑供应链网络上游节点企业遭受中断风险冲击时,供应链网络能够表现出较强的网络抗毁性,但应着重关注下游供应商企业,避免网络整体因建筑材料或基础服务供应短缺遭受更多损失;(2)采取节点企业间较小的业务容量差异、较大的业务负载差异、适量且高水平的风险补救成本投入等策略能够有效降低节点企业中断时供应链网络的损失,从而提升网络抗毁性水平;(3)在多类策略中,节点容量策略对抗毁性的提升效果依次优于节点弹性策略和节点负载策略。研究结果可为提升建筑供应链安全水平和提出中断风险管理策略提供科学参考。展开更多
文摘Although supply chain is regarded as an integrated pr ocess, actually, researchers and practitioners have primarily investigated the v arious processes of the supply chain individually. The competitive field in most markets requires well-designed integrated supply chain instead of individual o perations. In this paper, some traditional thinking of supply chain is given fir st, then SCM (Supply Chain Management) is introduced, which views the entire sup ply chain as a whole rather than individual process and aims to increase transpa rency and alignment of the supply chain’s coordination and configuration, regar dless of functional or corporate boundaries. Secondly, issues regarding the significance and the situation of supply chain management in enterprises of Chin a are briefly described. In china, most enterprises haven’t established the ide a of supply chain management, supply chain are just focused on the step from sup pliers to manufacturers, which is a partial but not whole supply chain. Challeng ed by intense competition in the global market, further research on supply chain management is badly needed in China, if not, traditional pattern must be overwh elmed by world competition. Finally, suggestions for future research, especial ly the required conditions for a successful adoption of supply chain managemen t, are outlined. Organizations with Supply chain management can realize the advantages of backward vertical integration. However the following issues must b e paid attention to before supply chain management pattern is established.(1) Ch anging the corporate cultures of all members in the value chain to make it condu cive to supply chain management.(2) Developing long-term, cooperative and certi fied relationship with key suppliers.(3) Developing supply chain management soft ware that includes a completely integrated information system based on distr ibuted database throughout supply chain.(4) Reconstructing organization structur e adapting to supply chain management pattern.(5) Developing evaluation system f or performance measures of supply chain. In a word, supply chain management patt ern is necessary for domestic enterprises to win in intense world competition, w hile developing fitting pattern with key prerequisites is the most important.
文摘With the vehement development of global competition , Agile Supply Chain (ASC) becomes an effective approach that supports dynamic ent erprise alliance and realizes agile manufacturing, as for the enterprises to cap ture market opportunities rapidly and strengthen their anti-risk ability. As Ag ile Supply Chain System (ASCS) is dynamic and distributed, the realization of it ’s processes needs to be much flexible. Often in Agile Supply Chain System (ASCS ), there are many dynamic tasks, many changes of the processes, and cooperative workflows, which need the workflows able to be adjusted agilely and smoothly, no t much affecting others. This paper will propose a flexible workflow management for achieving the agility and compatibility. At the first of the paper, we will discuss the situation in which Agile Supply C hain System is applied, and then we will elaborate the characteristics of Agile Supply Chain System. So with that, the shortcomings of the process managements t hat are, at present, used in Supply Chain Systems will be displayed clearly. The n, the proposal will be given in the paper, to resolve the problems in the prese nt process management in ASCS. We will see supply chain systems implemented mult i-agent-based technology to adapt to the dynamic environment, however in many systems, coordination of the workflows is executed by the explicit messages comm unicated between the agents. This will lead to a tightly coupled system. To over come it, the paper suggests the workflow management in agent-based ASCS using t he Events-Triggering mechanism, instead of the explicit messages. We create Eve nts-Triggering contents and rules, having push-pull mechanism, event-state se t and triggering-conditions, and store them in the distributed database subject ed to the corresponding agents. Adjusting the Events-Triggering data will be us ed to adapt to the dynamic tasks and the changes of processes. In sum, we will p resent the methods of process modeling, the system structure, and the executing -mechanism of the flexible workflow management we propose in the paper. Also, t he paper outlines several exception-handling policies for the flexible workflow management, in succession. And at the final of the paper, we discuss the realiz ation of the flexible workflow management in Agile Supply Chain System. The flex ible workflow management will be implemented using CORBA services and Java techn ology for the distributed systems. CORBA is chosen as the specification of distr ibuted electronic data exchange, and Java as the construction tool of the system . The framework of the flexible workflow management constructed on them is showe d in the paper.
文摘In improving the competitiveness of business organi sa tion in the 21st century, minimising cost and increasing productivity are no lon ger factors that could promise the success. The changes in customer trends whic h focusing more on product or service customising, high quality and short delive ry times are additional crucial factors that organisation should be aware of. T hese factors have direct relations on how the management could utilise the capab ility of its supply chain management (SCM). The importance of SCM in organisati on specifically to manufacturer is to play a vital role in managing the flow of material and information along the chain from suppliers to customers. In a trad itional way, SCM is mainly manage by the production department in organisation b ut with the advancement in information technology, resulted the changes in worki ng environment. One of the ways that could be implemented in decision making p rocess in order to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of the decision is t hrough collaborative environment. Due to this situation, there is a need to rede sign the existing SCM in order to optimise its capability and functionality in t he way to ensure the organisation competitiveness is sustainable. A minor or ma jor alignment to SCM business processes should be done in order to streamline th e flow of information, which could also affect the flow of materials. Factors s uch as SCM operational, structural and even its managerial are among the issues that are critical in redesigning its business process. Each of these factors has its own attributes such as lead-times, complexity, frequency and organisationa l setting that could lead in improving organisational competitiveness. In additi on, by identifying these factors, it would help the management to plan and desig n the collaborative SCM that would effectively correspond to the changes in busi ness and customer trends. The intention of the paper is to promote a list of fa ctors and attributes, which are critical in redesigning an existing SCM in order to shift its environment to become collaborative SCM. By utilising these facto rs and attributes, a model for redesigning SCM into collaborative environment is currently developed by the author and will be used in the next stage of his res earch.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (70471034)the Talent Foundation of Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics (s0670-082).
文摘To improve the performance of the supply chain with one supplier and multiple retailers under deterministic price-sensitive customer demand, an optimal strategy is proposed based on knowledge discovery. First the decentralized system in which the supplier and the retailers are independent, profit-maximizing participants with the supplier acting as a Stackelberg game leader is studied. Numerical examples illustrate the importance of the coordination. The conventional quantity discount mechanism needs to be modified to coordinate the supply chain, so a revenue-sharing contract is proposed to coordinate such supply chain. Lastly, a special decision under certain demand rates is studied. The pricing and replenishment policies can be decided sequentially, which yields much less loss comparing with optimal decision when the demand rates are sufficiently large.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (70701008)
文摘Studies show that supply chain cooperation improves supply chain performance. However, it remains a challenge to develop and implement the realistic supply chain cooperation scheme. We investigate a two-echelon supply chain planning problem with capacity acquisition decision under asymmetric cost and demand information. A simple negotiation-based coordination mechanism is developed to synchronize production/order strategies of a supplier and a buyer. The coordination scheme shows how the supplier and the buyer modify their production and order policy in order to find a joint economic lot sizing plan, which saves the overall supply chain cost. The allocation of the cooperation benefit is determined by negotiation. Due to the complexity of the multiple periods, multiple level supply chain lot sizing with capacity decision, a heuristic algorithm is developed to find coordination solutions. Finally, the results of the numerical study indicate the performance of supply chain coordination scheme.
基金This project was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (60574077) and 973 National ResearchProgram of China (2002cb312205).
文摘The sources of supply chain enterprise risk from different aspects including material flow, information flow, cash flow and partner relationship is analyzed. Measures for risk reduction have also been summarized from the aspects of risk sharing, information sharing, change of inventory control mode, and supply chain flexibility. Finally, problems in current research on supply chain risk management are pointed out and a discussion on future research trend is presented.
文摘为有效解决建筑行业内外部环境不确定性与建筑供应链复杂性、脆弱性之间的矛盾,促进建筑供应链网络整体安全稳定,防范化解节点企业中断风险,基于复杂网络理论和级联失效模型提出一种建筑供应链网络抗毁性分析方法。首先从业务、资源、信息流通角度,利用TOPSIS(technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution)方法根据多个复杂网络中心性指标对节点企业进行重要度评估,其次结合建筑供应链运营特点,建立改进的负载-容量-弹性级联失效模型,在蓄意攻击下从网络损失角度衡量企业中断的影响,从节点容量、负载、弹性角度分析探讨网络抗毁性的提升策略。经过数值仿真与分析,研究表明:(1)建筑供应链网络上游节点企业遭受中断风险冲击时,供应链网络能够表现出较强的网络抗毁性,但应着重关注下游供应商企业,避免网络整体因建筑材料或基础服务供应短缺遭受更多损失;(2)采取节点企业间较小的业务容量差异、较大的业务负载差异、适量且高水平的风险补救成本投入等策略能够有效降低节点企业中断时供应链网络的损失,从而提升网络抗毁性水平;(3)在多类策略中,节点容量策略对抗毁性的提升效果依次优于节点弹性策略和节点负载策略。研究结果可为提升建筑供应链安全水平和提出中断风险管理策略提供科学参考。
