Mutants deficient in nitrate reductase(NR) were classfied into two groups,nia types are deficient in apoprotein and cnx types are lack of Mo-Co.This paper reports the characteristics of low NR mutants,which are not de...Mutants deficient in nitrate reductase(NR) were classfied into two groups,nia types are deficient in apoprotein and cnx types are lack of Mo-Co.This paper reports the characteristics of low NR mutants,which are not deficient in NR activity but 40%～60% of the NR activity of the wild type,Nipponbare.Mutants NR676 and NR827 were selected as seedings showing poor growth with nitrate as sole mitrogen source from M 2 population.They exhibited chlorate resistance.Genetic analysis in the F 1 and F 2 indicated that chlorate resistance in the mutants was transmitted by a single recessive nuclear gene and that NR676 and NR827 were induced by a mutation at a single locus.In the F2 population,all of the seedings showing yellow green leaves were resistant to chlorate and low in NR activity.Photosynthetic rate and mRNA expression of NR676 and NR827 were lower than wild type.These results suggested that low NR activity and chlorate resistance of NR676 and NR827 were caused by a defect in photosynthetic process.展开更多
Dwarfing is useful to reduce plant height,when breeding high-yielding and non-lodging crops.In this study,a set of natural storage protein subunit-null dwarf mutants of soybean was reported that showed strongly reduce...Dwarfing is useful to reduce plant height,when breeding high-yielding and non-lodging crops.In this study,a set of natural storage protein subunit-null dwarf mutants of soybean was reported that showed strongly reduced plant stature and deficiency in various 7S and 11S subunits,designated as snd1 mutants.Under normal growth conditions,the snd1 mutants showed a severe dwarf phenotype,with plant height of about 25 cm.Compared with wild-type DN47,the mutant snd1 exhibited no obvious morphological differences at the early stage of development.All the snd1 mutants examined had fewer nodes and shorter than normal internodes;the leaves were similar in shape to normal parents,but were dark-green at the mature stage.The flower size was similar to DN47;however,the flowering period was shorter than in the wild-type.Significant variation was noted for protein content,oil content of the seeds and size of seeds(weight of 100 seeds)among 17 snd1 dwarf lines.Genetic analysis indicated that the dwarfism of snd1 was controlled by a single recessive gene.The snd1 dwarf mutant had markedly different dynamic levels of the endogenous hormones gibberellin(GA),brassinosteroid,indole-3-acetic acid and abscisic acid,at the seedling stage.Exogenous GA3 treatment led to recovery of the plant height phenotype of the snd1 mutant;GA3 at 0.1 mm had the largest effect on enhancing plant height.Using molecular markers,snd1 gene was approximately mapped in an interval of 603 kb between markers Satt166 and Satt561 on chromosome 19.Snd1 mutant provided valuable material for hypoallergenic soybean breeding and the snd1 gene might be a novel gene related to plant height in soybean.展开更多
Verticillium(V.dahliae Kleb.) and Fusarium(F.Oxysporum f.sp.vasinfectum)wilt aretwo major fungal diseases in cotton productionwhich cause great crop damage and yield lossworld wide.Breeding and application ofresistant...Verticillium(V.dahliae Kleb.) and Fusarium(F.Oxysporum f.sp.vasinfectum)wilt aretwo major fungal diseases in cotton productionwhich cause great crop damage and yield lossworld wide.Breeding and application ofresistant varieties have effectively controlledFusarium wilt.However,the Verticillium wilt-展开更多
目的:通过基因型和表型的关联性研究,探究B基因c.917T>C变异(p.L306P)对B型糖基转移酶(GTB)表达及功能的影响,以阐明这一亚型发生的分子机制。方法:研究对象是一例初筛正反定型不一致的献血者标本,利用ABO血型血清学鉴定、GTB活性检...目的:通过基因型和表型的关联性研究,探究B基因c.917T>C变异(p.L306P)对B型糖基转移酶(GTB)表达及功能的影响,以阐明这一亚型发生的分子机制。方法:研究对象是一例初筛正反定型不一致的献血者标本,利用ABO血型血清学鉴定、GTB活性检测,鉴定ABO表型;随后采用Sanger测序和基于PacBio平台的三代测序技术对ABO基因进行测序,得到单倍体序列,比对发现突变位点;建立细胞体外表达系统,分析突变位点对于抗原表达的影响。结果:本例先证者为B亚型,等位基因型为c.917T>C in ABO*B.01/ABO*O.01.01,尚未见既往报道。体外表达结果显示,突变型细胞的GTB表达量降低、GTB总体活性降低,突变型细胞膜表面B抗原弱于野生型。结论:由ABO*B.01等位基因中c.917T>C突变所引起的p.L306P变异,可能是导致红细胞表面B抗原减少的遗传学原因。展开更多
为创制更丰富的豌豆变异材料,获取优异突变体豌豆种质,该研究以‘青建1号’豌豆为试验材料,以甲基磺酸乙酯(EMS)作为诱变剂,以EMS浓度1%、诱变时间8 h为半致死诱变条件,分析该诱变条件下豌豆植株突变类型,获得突变体重要表型性状数据,...为创制更丰富的豌豆变异材料,获取优异突变体豌豆种质,该研究以‘青建1号’豌豆为试验材料,以甲基磺酸乙酯(EMS)作为诱变剂,以EMS浓度1%、诱变时间8 h为半致死诱变条件,分析该诱变条件下豌豆植株突变类型,获得突变体重要表型性状数据,建立豌豆表型突变体库,并结合田间表型数据,筛选优异突变体材料。结果表明:(1)通过1%、8 h EMS诱变10000粒豌豆种子,M_(1)群体有4682株成苗,M_(2)群体筛选到342份豌豆突变体。(2)突变体豌豆表型性状突变类型比较丰富,其中单株籽粒干重变异系数最大,达到0.965。(3)通过对田间表型数据进行综合分析,筛选到10份优异的豌豆突变体种质。该研究结果丰富了豌豆种质资源,可为豌豆相关功能基因挖掘和研究及优良品种选育提供参考依据。展开更多
干旱是影响玉米生长发育的重要因素,挖掘玉米抗旱关键基因,对玉米抗旱遗传改良具有重要意义。利用EMS诱变自交系RP125获得了卷叶突变体swl5(sensitive to water loss 5),在田间干旱条件下swl5呈现明显的叶片失水卷曲表型。图位克隆将候...干旱是影响玉米生长发育的重要因素,挖掘玉米抗旱关键基因,对玉米抗旱遗传改良具有重要意义。利用EMS诱变自交系RP125获得了卷叶突变体swl5(sensitive to water loss 5),在田间干旱条件下swl5呈现明显的叶片失水卷曲表型。图位克隆将候选基因定位到5号染色体280 kb的物理区域内,该区间有9个基因,其中GRMZM2G002260基因第748位碱基处发生了C→T的突变,翻译提前终止,该基因为已报道的ZmWI5,编码一个GH10家族的内源-1,4-木聚糖酶。为进一步验证基因功能,获得了ZmWI5的突变体wi5,swl5与wi5突变体杂交F_(1)表现与swl5、wi5相同的叶片卷曲失水表型。干旱胁迫下,swl5突变体的净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率较对照RP125显著降低,叶片温度明显升高,H_(2)O_(2)含量、O_(2)^(-)含量显著升高。与RP125相比,突变体中参与纤维素合成的基因CESA5及木聚糖合成的基因DUF579、GT47、IRX9、IRX9H-1、IRX9H-2、GUX1、TBL33表达量在正常浇水和干旱处理下均显著下调。综上表明,swl5是ZmWI5的一个新等位突变体,swl5突变体表现明显的旱敏感表型,且突变体中木聚糖合成相关基因表达显著降低。展开更多
文摘Mutants deficient in nitrate reductase(NR) were classfied into two groups,nia types are deficient in apoprotein and cnx types are lack of Mo-Co.This paper reports the characteristics of low NR mutants,which are not deficient in NR activity but 40%～60% of the NR activity of the wild type,Nipponbare.Mutants NR676 and NR827 were selected as seedings showing poor growth with nitrate as sole mitrogen source from M 2 population.They exhibited chlorate resistance.Genetic analysis in the F 1 and F 2 indicated that chlorate resistance in the mutants was transmitted by a single recessive nuclear gene and that NR676 and NR827 were induced by a mutation at a single locus.In the F2 population,all of the seedings showing yellow green leaves were resistant to chlorate and low in NR activity.Photosynthetic rate and mRNA expression of NR676 and NR827 were lower than wild type.These results suggested that low NR activity and chlorate resistance of NR676 and NR827 were caused by a defect in photosynthetic process.
基金Supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2016YFD0100500)Funding from Harbin Science and Technology Bureau(2016RQYXJ018,2017RAQXJ104)+4 种基金the Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology in the Chinese Ministry of Education,Northeast Agricultural University(SB17A01)National Natural Science Foundation of China(31801386)Heilongjiang Natural Science Foundation(LC2018008)Heilongjiang General Young Innovative Talents Training Plan(UNPYSCT-2018158)Certificate of China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Grant(2018M641839)
文摘Dwarfing is useful to reduce plant height,when breeding high-yielding and non-lodging crops.In this study,a set of natural storage protein subunit-null dwarf mutants of soybean was reported that showed strongly reduced plant stature and deficiency in various 7S and 11S subunits,designated as snd1 mutants.Under normal growth conditions,the snd1 mutants showed a severe dwarf phenotype,with plant height of about 25 cm.Compared with wild-type DN47,the mutant snd1 exhibited no obvious morphological differences at the early stage of development.All the snd1 mutants examined had fewer nodes and shorter than normal internodes;the leaves were similar in shape to normal parents,but were dark-green at the mature stage.The flower size was similar to DN47;however,the flowering period was shorter than in the wild-type.Significant variation was noted for protein content,oil content of the seeds and size of seeds(weight of 100 seeds)among 17 snd1 dwarf lines.Genetic analysis indicated that the dwarfism of snd1 was controlled by a single recessive gene.The snd1 dwarf mutant had markedly different dynamic levels of the endogenous hormones gibberellin(GA),brassinosteroid,indole-3-acetic acid and abscisic acid,at the seedling stage.Exogenous GA3 treatment led to recovery of the plant height phenotype of the snd1 mutant;GA3 at 0.1 mm had the largest effect on enhancing plant height.Using molecular markers,snd1 gene was approximately mapped in an interval of 603 kb between markers Satt166 and Satt561 on chromosome 19.Snd1 mutant provided valuable material for hypoallergenic soybean breeding and the snd1 gene might be a novel gene related to plant height in soybean.
文摘Verticillium(V.dahliae Kleb.) and Fusarium(F.Oxysporum f.sp.vasinfectum)wilt aretwo major fungal diseases in cotton productionwhich cause great crop damage and yield lossworld wide.Breeding and application ofresistant varieties have effectively controlledFusarium wilt.However,the Verticillium wilt-
文摘目的:通过基因型和表型的关联性研究,探究B基因c.917T>C变异(p.L306P)对B型糖基转移酶(GTB)表达及功能的影响,以阐明这一亚型发生的分子机制。方法:研究对象是一例初筛正反定型不一致的献血者标本,利用ABO血型血清学鉴定、GTB活性检测,鉴定ABO表型;随后采用Sanger测序和基于PacBio平台的三代测序技术对ABO基因进行测序,得到单倍体序列,比对发现突变位点;建立细胞体外表达系统,分析突变位点对于抗原表达的影响。结果:本例先证者为B亚型,等位基因型为c.917T>C in ABO*B.01/ABO*O.01.01,尚未见既往报道。体外表达结果显示,突变型细胞的GTB表达量降低、GTB总体活性降低,突变型细胞膜表面B抗原弱于野生型。结论:由ABO*B.01等位基因中c.917T>C突变所引起的p.L306P变异,可能是导致红细胞表面B抗原减少的遗传学原因。
文摘为创制更丰富的豌豆变异材料,获取优异突变体豌豆种质,该研究以‘青建1号’豌豆为试验材料,以甲基磺酸乙酯(EMS)作为诱变剂,以EMS浓度1%、诱变时间8 h为半致死诱变条件,分析该诱变条件下豌豆植株突变类型,获得突变体重要表型性状数据,建立豌豆表型突变体库,并结合田间表型数据,筛选优异突变体材料。结果表明:(1)通过1%、8 h EMS诱变10000粒豌豆种子,M_(1)群体有4682株成苗,M_(2)群体筛选到342份豌豆突变体。(2)突变体豌豆表型性状突变类型比较丰富,其中单株籽粒干重变异系数最大,达到0.965。(3)通过对田间表型数据进行综合分析,筛选到10份优异的豌豆突变体种质。该研究结果丰富了豌豆种质资源,可为豌豆相关功能基因挖掘和研究及优良品种选育提供参考依据。
文摘干旱是影响玉米生长发育的重要因素,挖掘玉米抗旱关键基因,对玉米抗旱遗传改良具有重要意义。利用EMS诱变自交系RP125获得了卷叶突变体swl5(sensitive to water loss 5),在田间干旱条件下swl5呈现明显的叶片失水卷曲表型。图位克隆将候选基因定位到5号染色体280 kb的物理区域内,该区间有9个基因,其中GRMZM2G002260基因第748位碱基处发生了C→T的突变,翻译提前终止,该基因为已报道的ZmWI5,编码一个GH10家族的内源-1,4-木聚糖酶。为进一步验证基因功能,获得了ZmWI5的突变体wi5,swl5与wi5突变体杂交F_(1)表现与swl5、wi5相同的叶片卷曲失水表型。干旱胁迫下,swl5突变体的净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率较对照RP125显著降低,叶片温度明显升高,H_(2)O_(2)含量、O_(2)^(-)含量显著升高。与RP125相比,突变体中参与纤维素合成的基因CESA5及木聚糖合成的基因DUF579、GT47、IRX9、IRX9H-1、IRX9H-2、GUX1、TBL33表达量在正常浇水和干旱处理下均显著下调。综上表明,swl5是ZmWI5的一个新等位突变体,swl5突变体表现明显的旱敏感表型,且突变体中木聚糖合成相关基因表达显著降低。
