To explore the effects of farming methods,straw returning and their interaction on corn yield and nitrogen utilization,the experiment was conducted for two consecutive years from 2016 to 2017 at the Xiangyang Experime...To explore the effects of farming methods,straw returning and their interaction on corn yield and nitrogen utilization,the experiment was conducted for two consecutive years from 2016 to 2017 at the Xiangyang Experimental Base of Northeast Agricultural University in Heilongjiang Province of China.The method of combining farming with straw returning was used and six treatments as rotary tillage(R)+no straw returning(K),rotary tillage(R)+straw returning(S),tillage(T)+no straw returning(K),tillage(T)+straw returning(S),tillage(T)+subsoiling(D)+no straw returning(K)and tillage(T)+subsoiling(D)+straw returning(S)were set to study the effects of different tillage methods and straw returning on corn yield and nitrogen accumulation and utilization.The corn yield,nitrogen accumulation,nitrogen transport,grain weight and dry matter accumulation of tillage(T)+subsoiling(D)and tillage(T)were significantly higher than those of rotary tillage(R)treatment.Meanwhile,the corn yield,nitrogen accumulation and dry matter accumulation of TD treatment were significantly higher than those of T treatment;the corn yield,dry matter accumulation,kernel weight,nitrogen dry matter production efficiency and nitrogen grain production efficiency of S treatment were significantly higher than those of K treatment.Among the treatments,the yield,nitrogen accumulation and utilization efficiency of TDS,TS and TDK were the highest.The yield,nitrogen accumulation and nitrogen transport of TDS were significantly higher than those of TS.In 2016,TDS production increased by 7.30%and 8.20%compared with TS;and TDS nitrogen accumulation increased by 6.78%and 9.50%compared with TS,while the yield and nitrogen grain production efficiency were significantly higher than those of TDK.Therefore,under the conditions of this experiment,on the basis of straw returning,tillage+subsoiling was the suitable farming method.展开更多
The effects of different amounts of carbon and nitrogen sources on the soil microbial biomass carbon,dissolved organic carbon and related enzyme activities were studied by the simulation experiment of rice straw retur...The effects of different amounts of carbon and nitrogen sources on the soil microbial biomass carbon,dissolved organic carbon and related enzyme activities were studied by the simulation experiment of rice straw returning to the field,and the mechanism of the decomposition of rice straw returning to the field was discussed.Completely randomized experiment of the two factors of the three levels was designed,and a total of nine treatments of indoor soil incubation tests were conducted.Full amount of rice straw was applied to the soil in this simulation experiment and different amounts of brown sugar and urea were added in the three levels of 0(no carbon source and nitrogen source),1(low levels of carbon and nitrogen sources)and 2(high levels of carbon and nitrogen sources),respectively.The results showed that the addition of different amounts of carbon and nitrogen sources to the rice straw could increase the soil carbon content.Compared with T0N0,the microbial biomass carbon of T2N2 was increased significantly by 170.48%;the dissolved organic carbon content of T1N2 was significantly increased by 58.14%and the free humic acid carbon contents of T0N2,T1N1 and T2N0 were significantly increased by 56.16%and 45.55%and 47.80%,respectively;however,there were no significant differences among those of treatments at later incubation periods.The addition of different carbon and nitrogen sources could promote the soil enzyme activities.During the incubation period,all of the soil enzyme activities of adding sugar and urea were higher than those of T0N0 treatment.Therefore,the addition of different amounts of carbon and nitrogen sources to rice straw returning could improve soil microbial biomass carbon content,dissolved organic carbon and soil enzyme activities.展开更多
Tillage practices and organic amendment are strategies used worldwide to preserve the properties and fertility of soils.This study aimed to elucidate effects of 3-year field treatments of tillage practice and straw ma...Tillage practices and organic amendment are strategies used worldwide to preserve the properties and fertility of soils.This study aimed to elucidate effects of 3-year field treatments of tillage practice and straw management on physical properties of Mollisols,root architecture and maize yield in northeast China.The experiment was conducted from 2015 to 2018 following a splitplot design of a randomized complete block with tillage practices[rotary tillage(R)and deep tillage(D)]as main plots and straw managements[straw returning(S),straw returning and organic fertilizer(M),straw removal(T)]as subplots.Soil samples at 0-15,15-30,30-50 cm depths and root samples at the seedling stage were collected.The results showed that DM treatment significantly improved soil moisture content at 10-50 cm soil depth and decreased soil compaction(P<0.05),which led to a better root architecture.Rotary tillage had a slower thermal conductivity but better thermal insulation performance,while deep tillage showed a higher daily temperature difference.Bulk density of topsoil was significantly lower in DS(1.16 g·cm^(-3))than in other treatments,but the soil permeability in DS(1.40 mm·min^(-1)in 0-15 soil depth and 1.45 mm·min-1in 15-30 cm soil depth)was the highest.At the maize seedling stage,DM had the highest root dry weight,root-shoot ratio and root length,while RM had the highest root volume,root furcation number and root tip number.The maize yield of three years in DM was 6.19%,5.21%and 15.72%higher than that in DS,DT and RM(P<0.01),respectively.Relative to RT and DT,a slight decrease(2.72%and 0.93%,respectively)in maize yield under RS and DS was observed,which could be alleviated by the addition of organic fertilizer.The correlation matrix indicated that kernel per ear number and 100-kernel weight were the dominant factors that affected maize yield.Redundancy analysis suggested that straw managements and tillage practices were significantly positively correlated with root-shoot ratio,root dry weight,maximum root length,the total root length and maize yield,but significantly negatively correlated with soil compaction,bulk density,soil moisture content and soil temperature.Among all the treatments,deep tillage with straw returning and the addition of organic fertilizer was recommended as a promising strategy in restoring soil productivity,promoting maize growth and increasing maize yield in Mollisols of northeast China and similar regions around the world.展开更多
基金Supported by the Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in Public Interest in China(201503119-06-01)。
文摘To explore the effects of farming methods,straw returning and their interaction on corn yield and nitrogen utilization,the experiment was conducted for two consecutive years from 2016 to 2017 at the Xiangyang Experimental Base of Northeast Agricultural University in Heilongjiang Province of China.The method of combining farming with straw returning was used and six treatments as rotary tillage(R)+no straw returning(K),rotary tillage(R)+straw returning(S),tillage(T)+no straw returning(K),tillage(T)+straw returning(S),tillage(T)+subsoiling(D)+no straw returning(K)and tillage(T)+subsoiling(D)+straw returning(S)were set to study the effects of different tillage methods and straw returning on corn yield and nitrogen accumulation and utilization.The corn yield,nitrogen accumulation,nitrogen transport,grain weight and dry matter accumulation of tillage(T)+subsoiling(D)and tillage(T)were significantly higher than those of rotary tillage(R)treatment.Meanwhile,the corn yield,nitrogen accumulation and dry matter accumulation of TD treatment were significantly higher than those of T treatment;the corn yield,dry matter accumulation,kernel weight,nitrogen dry matter production efficiency and nitrogen grain production efficiency of S treatment were significantly higher than those of K treatment.Among the treatments,the yield,nitrogen accumulation and utilization efficiency of TDS,TS and TDK were the highest.The yield,nitrogen accumulation and nitrogen transport of TDS were significantly higher than those of TS.In 2016,TDS production increased by 7.30%and 8.20%compared with TS;and TDS nitrogen accumulation increased by 6.78%and 9.50%compared with TS,while the yield and nitrogen grain production efficiency were significantly higher than those of TDK.Therefore,under the conditions of this experiment,on the basis of straw returning,tillage+subsoiling was the suitable farming method.
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Plan Project(2016YFD0300909-04)。
文摘The effects of different amounts of carbon and nitrogen sources on the soil microbial biomass carbon,dissolved organic carbon and related enzyme activities were studied by the simulation experiment of rice straw returning to the field,and the mechanism of the decomposition of rice straw returning to the field was discussed.Completely randomized experiment of the two factors of the three levels was designed,and a total of nine treatments of indoor soil incubation tests were conducted.Full amount of rice straw was applied to the soil in this simulation experiment and different amounts of brown sugar and urea were added in the three levels of 0(no carbon source and nitrogen source),1(low levels of carbon and nitrogen sources)and 2(high levels of carbon and nitrogen sources),respectively.The results showed that the addition of different amounts of carbon and nitrogen sources to the rice straw could increase the soil carbon content.Compared with T0N0,the microbial biomass carbon of T2N2 was increased significantly by 170.48%;the dissolved organic carbon content of T1N2 was significantly increased by 58.14%and the free humic acid carbon contents of T0N2,T1N1 and T2N0 were significantly increased by 56.16%and 45.55%and 47.80%,respectively;however,there were no significant differences among those of treatments at later incubation periods.The addition of different carbon and nitrogen sources could promote the soil enzyme activities.During the incubation period,all of the soil enzyme activities of adding sugar and urea were higher than those of T0N0 treatment.Therefore,the addition of different amounts of carbon and nitrogen sources to rice straw returning could improve soil microbial biomass carbon content,dissolved organic carbon and soil enzyme activities.
基金the National Key Research and Developmental Program of China(2017YFD0300502-2)。
文摘Tillage practices and organic amendment are strategies used worldwide to preserve the properties and fertility of soils.This study aimed to elucidate effects of 3-year field treatments of tillage practice and straw management on physical properties of Mollisols,root architecture and maize yield in northeast China.The experiment was conducted from 2015 to 2018 following a splitplot design of a randomized complete block with tillage practices[rotary tillage(R)and deep tillage(D)]as main plots and straw managements[straw returning(S),straw returning and organic fertilizer(M),straw removal(T)]as subplots.Soil samples at 0-15,15-30,30-50 cm depths and root samples at the seedling stage were collected.The results showed that DM treatment significantly improved soil moisture content at 10-50 cm soil depth and decreased soil compaction(P<0.05),which led to a better root architecture.Rotary tillage had a slower thermal conductivity but better thermal insulation performance,while deep tillage showed a higher daily temperature difference.Bulk density of topsoil was significantly lower in DS(1.16 g·cm^(-3))than in other treatments,but the soil permeability in DS(1.40 mm·min^(-1)in 0-15 soil depth and 1.45 mm·min-1in 15-30 cm soil depth)was the highest.At the maize seedling stage,DM had the highest root dry weight,root-shoot ratio and root length,while RM had the highest root volume,root furcation number and root tip number.The maize yield of three years in DM was 6.19%,5.21%and 15.72%higher than that in DS,DT and RM(P<0.01),respectively.Relative to RT and DT,a slight decrease(2.72%and 0.93%,respectively)in maize yield under RS and DS was observed,which could be alleviated by the addition of organic fertilizer.The correlation matrix indicated that kernel per ear number and 100-kernel weight were the dominant factors that affected maize yield.Redundancy analysis suggested that straw managements and tillage practices were significantly positively correlated with root-shoot ratio,root dry weight,maximum root length,the total root length and maize yield,but significantly negatively correlated with soil compaction,bulk density,soil moisture content and soil temperature.Among all the treatments,deep tillage with straw returning and the addition of organic fertilizer was recommended as a promising strategy in restoring soil productivity,promoting maize growth and increasing maize yield in Mollisols of northeast China and similar regions around the world.
