Somaclonal variation of calli and regenerated plants of spring wheat were detected by using technique RAPD in the study. Calli at different culture stages and regenerated plants derived from young spikes and immature ...Somaclonal variation of calli and regenerated plants of spring wheat were detected by using technique RAPD in the study. Calli at different culture stages and regenerated plants derived from young spikes and immature embryos were used as materials. Molecular variation could be reflected from electrophoresis pattern of RAPD fragments at different culture stage in calli, and in regenerated plants derived from different explants, even no phenotype variations were found. Somaclonal variation in calli and in regenerated plants appeared regularly: A higher frequency of variation in hybrids F2 was detected than that of the cultivar that is stable genetically. High variation frequency of RAPD fragments appeared in calli when cultured 75 days. The identical variations of RAPD fragments were observed in calli and in the regenerated plants induced from different genotype or explants. The variation frequency detected is higher in regenerated plants than that of in calli. RAPD could be applied easily and simply to determine variation in level of DNA at each stage cultured in vitro.展开更多
为优化不同降水年型下春小麦高产稳产和高效利用水氮资源的管理决策方案,利用2009-2012年内蒙古自治区额尔古纳市上库力农场试验站与拉布大林农场试验站春小麦(内麦19)的试验观测资料,确定APSIM-wheat模型中小麦生长发育关键参数;基于...为优化不同降水年型下春小麦高产稳产和高效利用水氮资源的管理决策方案,利用2009-2012年内蒙古自治区额尔古纳市上库力农场试验站与拉布大林农场试验站春小麦(内麦19)的试验观测资料,确定APSIM-wheat模型中小麦生长发育关键参数;基于校准后的APSIM-wheat模型模拟分析1967-2017年雨养条件下春小麦生长发育过程,并依据降水量划分了3种降水年型(干旱、平水和湿润年型),根据土壤水分亏缺指数(soil water deficit on photosynthesis,SWD_(ef))确定最优水分管理时期;设计8个灌溉量梯度(15、30、45、60、90、120、150和180 mm)和13个施N量梯度(30、45、60、75、90、105、120、150、180、210、240、270和300 kg·hm^(-2))情景模式,结合水氮管理决策的遴选关键指标[水分利用效率(water use efficiency,WUE)、氮肥利用效率(nitrogen use efficiency,NUE)和产量],探究不同气候年型下最优春小麦水氮管理模式。结果表明:(1)校准后的APSIM-wheat模型春小麦发育期模块(出苗期、抽穗期和成熟期)模拟值与观测值的均方根误差(root mean square error,RMSE)在1.17~3.64 d范围内,归一化均方根误差(normalized root mean square error,NRMSE)在0.82%~1.90%范围内;产量模块模拟值与观测值的RMSE为371.50 kg·hm^(-2),NRMSE为8.54%,说明APSIM-wheat模型可以较好地反映不同降水年型下小麦的动态生长发育过程。(2)雨养条件下春小麦分蘖期—拔节期、拔节期—抽穗期和抽穗期—开花期的SWD_(ef)较低,且在生育期内仅灌溉一次的前提下,拔节期灌溉可以减轻干旱胁迫并显著提高产量。(3)干旱、平水和湿润年型春小麦拔节期最优水氮管理模式分别为灌溉量60 mm和施氮量105 kg·hm^(-2)、灌溉量60 mm和施氮量120 kg·hm^(-2)、灌溉量30 mm和施氮量150 kg·hm^(-2),其产量分别为4810.96±551.43、5378.06±768.86和6421.33±454.09 kg·hm^(-2)。展开更多
文摘Somaclonal variation of calli and regenerated plants of spring wheat were detected by using technique RAPD in the study. Calli at different culture stages and regenerated plants derived from young spikes and immature embryos were used as materials. Molecular variation could be reflected from electrophoresis pattern of RAPD fragments at different culture stage in calli, and in regenerated plants derived from different explants, even no phenotype variations were found. Somaclonal variation in calli and in regenerated plants appeared regularly: A higher frequency of variation in hybrids F2 was detected than that of the cultivar that is stable genetically. High variation frequency of RAPD fragments appeared in calli when cultured 75 days. The identical variations of RAPD fragments were observed in calli and in the regenerated plants induced from different genotype or explants. The variation frequency detected is higher in regenerated plants than that of in calli. RAPD could be applied easily and simply to determine variation in level of DNA at each stage cultured in vitro.
文摘为优化不同降水年型下春小麦高产稳产和高效利用水氮资源的管理决策方案,利用2009-2012年内蒙古自治区额尔古纳市上库力农场试验站与拉布大林农场试验站春小麦(内麦19)的试验观测资料,确定APSIM-wheat模型中小麦生长发育关键参数;基于校准后的APSIM-wheat模型模拟分析1967-2017年雨养条件下春小麦生长发育过程,并依据降水量划分了3种降水年型(干旱、平水和湿润年型),根据土壤水分亏缺指数(soil water deficit on photosynthesis,SWD_(ef))确定最优水分管理时期;设计8个灌溉量梯度(15、30、45、60、90、120、150和180 mm)和13个施N量梯度(30、45、60、75、90、105、120、150、180、210、240、270和300 kg·hm^(-2))情景模式,结合水氮管理决策的遴选关键指标[水分利用效率(water use efficiency,WUE)、氮肥利用效率(nitrogen use efficiency,NUE)和产量],探究不同气候年型下最优春小麦水氮管理模式。结果表明:(1)校准后的APSIM-wheat模型春小麦发育期模块(出苗期、抽穗期和成熟期)模拟值与观测值的均方根误差(root mean square error,RMSE)在1.17~3.64 d范围内,归一化均方根误差(normalized root mean square error,NRMSE)在0.82%~1.90%范围内;产量模块模拟值与观测值的RMSE为371.50 kg·hm^(-2),NRMSE为8.54%,说明APSIM-wheat模型可以较好地反映不同降水年型下小麦的动态生长发育过程。(2)雨养条件下春小麦分蘖期—拔节期、拔节期—抽穗期和抽穗期—开花期的SWD_(ef)较低,且在生育期内仅灌溉一次的前提下,拔节期灌溉可以减轻干旱胁迫并显著提高产量。(3)干旱、平水和湿润年型春小麦拔节期最优水氮管理模式分别为灌溉量60 mm和施氮量105 kg·hm^(-2)、灌溉量60 mm和施氮量120 kg·hm^(-2)、灌溉量30 mm和施氮量150 kg·hm^(-2),其产量分别为4810.96±551.43、5378.06±768.86和6421.33±454.09 kg·hm^(-2)。
