The thermal conductivity of carbon nanotubes with certain defects （doping, Stone-Wales, and vacancy） is investigated by using the non-equilibrium molecular dynamics method. The defective carbon nanotubes （CNTs） ar...The thermal conductivity of carbon nanotubes with certain defects （doping, Stone-Wales, and vacancy） is investigated by using the non-equilibrium molecular dynamics method. The defective carbon nanotubes （CNTs） are compared with perfect tubes. The influences of type and concentration of the defect, length, diameter, and chirality of the tube, and the ambient temperature are taken into consideration. It is demonstrated that defects result in a dramatic reduction of thermal conductivity. Doping and Stone-Wales （SW） defects have greater effect on armchair tubes, while vacancy affects the zigzag ones more. Thermal conductivity of the nanotubes increases, reaches a peak, and then decreases with increasing temperature. The temperature at which the thermal conductivity peak occurs is dependent on the defect type. Different from SW or vacancy tubes, doped tubes are similar to the perfect ones with a sharp peak at the same temperature. Thermal conductivity goes up when the tube length grows or diameter declines. It seems that the length of thermal conductivity convergence for SW tubes is much shorter than perfect or vacancy ones. The SW or vacancy tubes are less sensitive to the diameter change, compared with perfect ones.展开更多
With the increasing prevalence of lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)applications,the demand for high-capacity next-generation materials has also increased.SiO_(x)is currently considered a promising anode material due to its ...With the increasing prevalence of lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)applications,the demand for high-capacity next-generation materials has also increased.SiO_(x)is currently considered a promising anode material due to its exceptionally high capacity for LIBs.However,the significant volumetric changes of SiO_(x)during cycling and its initial Coulombic efficiency(ICE)complicate its use,whether alone or in combination with graphite materials.In this study,a three-dimensional conductive binder network with high electronic conductivity and robust elasticity for graphite/SiO_(x)blended anodes was proposed by chemically anchoring carbon nanotubes and carboxymethyl cellulose binders using tannic acid as a chemical cross-linker.In addition,a dehydrogenation-based prelithiation strategy employing lithium hydride was utilized to enhance the ICE of SiO_(x).The combination of these two strategies increased the CE of SiO_(x)from 74%to87%and effectively mitigated its volume expansion in the graphite/SiO_(x)blended electrode,resulting in an efficient electron-conductive binder network.This led to a remarkable capacity retention of 94%after30 cycles,even under challenging conditions,with a high capacity of 550 mA h g^(-1)and a current density of 4 mA cm^(-2).Furthermore,to validate the feasibility of utilizing prelithiated SiO_(x)anode materials and the conductive binder network in LIBs,a full cell incorporating these materials and a single-crystalline Ni-rich cathode was used.This cell demonstrated a~27.3%increase in discharge capacity of the first cycle(~185.7 mA h g^(-1))and exhibited a cycling stability of 300 cycles.Thus,this study reports a simple,feasible,and insightful method for designing high-performance LIB electrodes.展开更多
Carbon nanotubes(CNTs) have shown as unique nanoreactors to tune the catalytic activity of confined nano-catalysts. Here we report that the catalytic performance of molybdenum carbide nanoparticles(MoC_x NPs) for the ...Carbon nanotubes(CNTs) have shown as unique nanoreactors to tune the catalytic activity of confined nano-catalysts. Here we report that the catalytic performance of molybdenum carbide nanoparticles(MoC_x NPs) for the hydrogen evolution reaction(HER) process can be enhanced by encapsulation within single-walled carbon nanotubes(SWNTs) with a diameter of 1–2 nm. The catalyst with MoC_x NPs located on the interior surface of SWNTs(MoCx@SWNTs) exhibits a lower onset over-potential and a smaller Tafel slope than the one with MoC_x NPs attached on the exterior surface(MoCx/SWNTs). This is likely attributed to the much smaller particle size and the more reduced states of the confined MoC_x NPs, as well as the larger specific surface area of MoCx@SWNTs compared with Mo Cx/SWNTs. In addition, the electronic structure of the confined MoC_x NPs might be modified by the confinement effects of SWNTs, and hence the adsorption free energy of H atoms on the confined MoC_x NPs, which could also contribute to their higher performance. These results suggest that the SWNTs can be further explored for constructing novel catalysts with beneficial catalytic performance.展开更多
In this study,the performances of fixed and fluidized bed reactors in the production of single-walled carbon nanotubes（SWNTs）have been investigated.In both reactors,single-walled carbon nanotubes were grown by catal...In this study,the performances of fixed and fluidized bed reactors in the production of single-walled carbon nanotubes（SWNTs）have been investigated.In both reactors,single-walled carbon nanotubes were grown by catalytic chemical vapor decomposition（CCVD）of methane over Co-Mo/MgO nanocatalyst under two different operating conditions.The synthesized samples were characterized by TEM,TGA and Raman spectroscopy.It is found that the performance of a fluidized bed in the synthesis of carbon nanotubes is much better than that of a fixed bed.The quality of carbon nanotubes obtained from the fluidized bed was significantly higher than that from the fixed bed and the former one with the ID/IG ratio of 0.11 while the latter one with the ID/IG ratio of 0.71.Also,the yield of SWNTs in the fluidized bed was 92 wt%,while it was 78 wt%in the fixed bed.These advantages of fluidized bed reactors for the synthesis of carbon nanotubes can be attributed to more available space for the growth of carbon nanotubes and more uniform temperature and concentration profiles.展开更多
An approach was presented for synthesis of semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes(SWNTs) by sulfur(S) doping with the method of graphite arc discharge. Raman spectroscopy, UV-vis-NIR absorption spectroscopy and...An approach was presented for synthesis of semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes(SWNTs) by sulfur(S) doping with the method of graphite arc discharge. Raman spectroscopy, UV-vis-NIR absorption spectroscopy and electronic properties measurements indicated the semconducting properties of the SWNTs samples. Simulant calculation indicated that S doping could induce convertion of metallic SWNTs into semiconducting ones. This strategy may pave a way for the direct synthesis of pure semiconducting SWNTs.展开更多
Nitrogen-doped single-walled carbon nanotubes （CNx-SWNTs） with tunable dopant concentrations were synthesized by chemical vapor deposition （CVD）, and their structure and elemental composition were characterized by...Nitrogen-doped single-walled carbon nanotubes （CNx-SWNTs） with tunable dopant concentrations were synthesized by chemical vapor deposition （CVD）, and their structure and elemental composition were characterized by using transmission electron microscopy （TEM） in combination with electron energy loss spectroscopy （EELS）. By comparing the Raman spectra of pristine and doped nanotubes, we observed the doping-induced Raman G band phonon stiffening and 2D band phonon softening, both of which reflect doping-induced renormalization of the electron and phonon energies in the nan- otubes and behave as expected in accord with the n-type doping effect. On the basis of first principles calculations of the distribution of delocalized carrier density in both the pristine and doped nanotubes, we show how the n-type doping occurs when nitrogen heteroatoms are substitutionally incorporated into the honeycomb tube-shell carbon lattice.展开更多
To have uniform nanoparticles individually dispersed on substrate before single-walled carbon nanotubes(SWNTs)growth at high temperature is the key for controlling the diameter of the SWNTs.In this letter,a facile app...To have uniform nanoparticles individually dispersed on substrate before single-walled carbon nanotubes(SWNTs)growth at high temperature is the key for controlling the diameter of the SWNTs.In this letter,a facile approach to control the diameter and distribution of the SWNTs by improving the dispersion of the uniform Fe/Mo nanoparticles on silicon wafers with silica layer chemically modified by 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexamethyldisilazane under different conditions is reported.It is found that the dispersion of the catalyst nanoparticles on Si wafer surface can be improved greatly from hydrophilic to hydrophobic,and the diameter and distribution of the SWNTs depend strongly on the dispersion of the catalyst on the substrate surface.Well dispersion of the catalyst results in relatively smaller diameter and narrower distribution of the SWNTs due to the decrease of aggregation and enhancement of dispersion of the catalyst nanoparticles before growth.It is also found that the diameter of the superlong aligned SWNTs is smaller with more narrow distribution than that of random nanotubes.展开更多
In this paper, we report that an electromotive force （EMF） can be induced in a rope of aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes （SWNTs） when water droplets fall on this rope. The magnitude of this EMF depends sensit...In this paper, we report that an electromotive force （EMF） can be induced in a rope of aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes （SWNTs） when water droplets fall on this rope. The magnitude of this EMF depends sensitively on the slant angle of the SWNTs. Most interestingly, both the magnitude and the direction of the induced EFM can be modulated by applying a current to the SWNTs. The concepts of electrical slip and no-slip are proposed and can be quantitatively described by ＂electrical slip resistance＂. This kind of generator does not need any magnet, rotor, etc and shows quite a different operating mechanism and design compared with a conventional large scale hydroelectric power generator.展开更多
An all-fiber laser using a single-walled carbon nanotube（SWCNT） as the saturable absorber（SA） for Q-switched operation in the 1031 nm region is demonstrated in this work. A lasing threshold as low as 17 mW was rea...An all-fiber laser using a single-walled carbon nanotube（SWCNT） as the saturable absorber（SA） for Q-switched operation in the 1031 nm region is demonstrated in this work. A lasing threshold as low as 17 mW was realized for continuous wave operation. By further increasing the pump power, stable Q-switched pulse trains are obtained when the pump power ranges from 38 mW to 125 mW, corresponding to repetition rate varying from 40.84 kHz to 66.24 kHz, the pulse width from 2.0 μs to 1.0 μs,and the highest single pulse energy of 40.6 nJ respectively.展开更多
For the synthesis of single-walled carbon nanotubes （SWCNTs） from CH4 over a Fe/MgO catalyst, we proposed a coupled Downer-turbulent fluidized-bed （TFB） reactor to enhance the selectivity and yield （or production...For the synthesis of single-walled carbon nanotubes （SWCNTs） from CH4 over a Fe/MgO catalyst, we proposed a coupled Downer-turbulent fluidized-bed （TFB） reactor to enhance the selectivity and yield （or production rate） of SWCNTs. By controlling a very short catalyst residence time （1-3 s） in the Downer, only part of Fe oxides can be reduced to form Fe nano particles （NPs） available for the growth of SWCNTs. The percentage of unreduced Fe oxides increased and the yield of SWCNTs decreased accordingly with the increase of catalyst feeding rate in Downer. SWCNTs were preferentially grown on the catalyst surface and inhibited the sintering of the Fe crystallites which would be formed thereafter in the downstream TFB, evidenced by TEM, Raman and TGA. The coupled Downer-turbulent fluidized-bed reactor technology allowed higher selectivity and higher production rate of SWCNTs as compared to TFB alone.展开更多
In this work we report that after single-walled carbon nanotubes(SWNTs) are sheared with a pair of titanium scissors,the magnetization becomes larger than that of the corresponding pristine ones. The magnetization inc...In this work we report that after single-walled carbon nanotubes(SWNTs) are sheared with a pair of titanium scissors,the magnetization becomes larger than that of the corresponding pristine ones. The magnetization increases proportionally with the number of SWNTs with sheared ends, suggesting that there exist magnetic moments at the sheared ends of SWNTs.By using the coefficient of this linear relation, the average magnetic moment is estimated to be 41.5 ± 9.8 μB(Bohr magneton) per carbon atom in the edge state at temperature of 300.0 K, suggesting that ultrahigh magnetic fields can be produced. The dangling sigma and pi bonds of the carbon atoms at sheared ends play important roles in determining the unexpectedly high magnetic moments, which may have great potential applications.展开更多
We report instability of the single-walled carbon nanotubes(SWCNT) filled with non-Newtonian Jeffrey fluid.Our objective is to get the influences of relaxation time and retardation time of the Jeffrey fluid on the vib...We report instability of the single-walled carbon nanotubes(SWCNT) filled with non-Newtonian Jeffrey fluid.Our objective is to get the influences of relaxation time and retardation time of the Jeffrey fluid on the vibration frequency and the decaying rate of the amplitude of carbon nanotubes.An elastic Euler-Bernoulli beam model is used to describe vibrations and structural instability of the carbon nanotubes.A new vibration equation of an SWCNT conveying Jeffrey fluid is first derived by employing Euler-Bernoulli beam equation and Cauchy momentum equation taking constitutive relation of Jeffrey fluid into account.The complex vibrating frequencies of the SWCNT are computed by solving a cubic eigenvalue problem based upon differential quadrature method(DQM).It is interesting to find from computational results that retardation time has significant influences on the vibration frequency and the decaying rate of the amplitude.Especially,the vibration frequency decreases and critical velocity increases with the retardation time.That is to say,longer retardation time makes the SWCNT more stable.展开更多
The influence of chirality on the thermal conductivity of single-walled carbon nanotubes （SWNTs） is discussed in this paper, using a non-equilibrium molecular dynamics （NEMD） method. The tube lengths of the SWNTs ...The influence of chirality on the thermal conductivity of single-walled carbon nanotubes （SWNTs） is discussed in this paper, using a non-equilibrium molecular dynamics （NEMD） method. The tube lengths of the SWNTs studied here are 20, 50, and 100 nm, respectively, and at each length the relationship between chiral angle and thermal conductivity of a SWNT is revealed. We find that if the tube length is relatively short, the influence of chirality on the thermal conductivity of a SWNT is more obvious and that a SWNT with a larger chiral angle has a greater thermal conductivity. Moreover, the thermal conductivity of a zigzag SWNT is smaller than that of an armchair one. As the tube length becomes longer, the thermal conductivity increases while the influence of chirality on the thermal conductivity decreases.展开更多
Parametric instabilities induced by the coupling excitation between the high frequency quantum Langmuir waves and the low frequency quantum ion-acoustic waves in single-walled carbon nanotubes are studied with a quant...Parametric instabilities induced by the coupling excitation between the high frequency quantum Langmuir waves and the low frequency quantum ion-acoustic waves in single-walled carbon nanotubes are studied with a quantum Zakharov model. By linearizing the quantum hydrodynamic equations, we get the dispersion relations for the high frequency quantum Langmuir wave and the low frequency quantum ion-acoustic wave. Using two-time scale method, we obtain the quantum Zaharov model in the cylindrical coordinates. Decay instability and four-wave instability are discussed in detail. It is shown that the carbon nanotube＇s radius, the equilibrium discrete azimuthal quantum number, the perturbed discrete azimuthal quantum number, and the quantum parameter all play a crucial role in the instabilities.展开更多
Depositing single-walled carbon nanotubes(SWNTs) with controllable density, pattern and orientation on electrodes presents a challenge in today's research. Here, we report a novel solvent evaporation method to ali...Depositing single-walled carbon nanotubes(SWNTs) with controllable density, pattern and orientation on electrodes presents a challenge in today's research. Here, we report a novel solvent evaporation method to align SWNTs in patterns having nanoscale width and micronscale length. SWNTs suspension has been introduced dropwise onto photoresist resin microchannels; and the capillary force can stretch and align SWNTs into strands with nanoscale width in the microchannels. Then these narrow and long aligned SWNTs patterns were successfully transferred to a pair of gold electrodes with different gaps to fabricate carbon nanotube field-effect transistor(CNTFET). Moreover, the electrical performance of the CNTFET show that the SWNTs strands can bridge different gaps and fabricate good electrical performance CNTFET with ON/OFF ratio around 106. This result suggests a promising and simple strategy for assembling well-aligned SWNTs into CNTFET device with good electrical performance.展开更多
This paper studies in detail the electronic properties of the semimetallic single-walled carbon nanotubes by applying the symmetry-adapted tight-binding model. It is found that the hybridization of π-σ states caused...This paper studies in detail the electronic properties of the semimetallic single-walled carbon nanotubes by applying the symmetry-adapted tight-binding model. It is found that the hybridization of π-σ states caused by the curvature produces an energy gap at the vicinity of the Fermi level. Such effects are obvious for the small zigzag and chiral single-walled carbon nanotubes. The energy gaps decrease as the diameters and the chiral angles of the tubes increase, while the top of the valence band and the bottom of the conduction band of armchair tubes cross at the Fermi level. The numeral results agree well with the experimental results.展开更多
In this paper, single-walled carbon nanotubes （SWCNTs） are studied through molecular dynamics （MD） simulation. The simulations are performed at temperatures of 1 and 300K separately, with atomic interactions chara...In this paper, single-walled carbon nanotubes （SWCNTs） are studied through molecular dynamics （MD） simulation. The simulations are performed at temperatures of 1 and 300K separately, with atomic interactions characterized by the second Reactive Empirical Bond Order （REBO） potential, and temperature controlled by a certain thermostat, i.e. by separately using the velocity scaling, the Berendsen scheme, the Nose-Hoover scheme, and the generalized Langevin scheme. Results for a （5,5） SWCNT with a length of 24.5 nm show apparent distortions in nanotube configuration, which can further enter into periodic vibrations, except in simulations using the generalized Langevin thermostat, which is ascribed to periodic boundary conditions used in simulation. The periodic boundary conditions may implicitly be applied in the form of an inconsistent constraint along the axis of the nanotube. The combination of the inconsistent constraint with the cumulative errors in calculation causes the distortions of nanotubes. When the generalized Langevin thermostat is applied, inconsistently distributed errors are dispersed by the random forces, and so the distortions and vibrations disappear. This speculation is confirmed by simulation in the case without periodic boundary conditions, where no apparent distortion and vibration occur. It is also revealed that numerically induced distortions and vibrations occur only in simulation of nanotubes with a small diameter and a large length-to-diameter ratio. When MD simulation is applied to a system with a particular geometry, attention should be paid to avoiding the numerical distortion and the result infidelity.展开更多
This paper investigates the radiation characteristics of metal single-walled zig-zag carbon nanotubes as a dipole antenna at terahertz wave range. The current distribution, input impedance and mutual impedance are cal...This paper investigates the radiation characteristics of metal single-walled zig-zag carbon nanotubes as a dipole antenna at terahertz wave range. The current distribution, input impedance and mutual impedance are calculated for various geometrical parameters of vertically-aligned carbon nanotubes. The numerical results demonstrate the properties of the antenna depending strongly on the geometrical parameters such as the radius, the lengths of carbon nantobues, and the spacing between nanotubes. It is found that the zig-zag carbon nanotubes exhibit very high input impedance and the mutual impedances for antenna array applications. These unique high impedance properties are different from the conventional metal thin wire antenna. The far-field patterns and gain of antenna array are also calculated. The maximum gain of array of 100-element array is up to 20.0 dB, which is larger than the gain of 0.598 dB of single dipole antenna at distance d = 0.5λ.展开更多
Femtosecond pump probe spectroscopy is employed to study the photo-induced absorption feature in the single-walled carbon nanotube transient spectrum. The two advantages of the experiment, a chirality enriched sample ...Femtosecond pump probe spectroscopy is employed to study the photo-induced absorption feature in the single-walled carbon nanotube transient spectrum. The two advantages of the experiment, a chirality enriched sample and tuning the pump wavelength to the resonance of a specific nanotube species, greatly facilitate the identification of the photo-induced absorption signal of one tube species. It is found that a photo-induced absorption feature is located at one radial breathing mode to the blue side of the E11 state. This finding prompts a new explanation for the origin of the photo-induced absorption： the transition from the ground state to a phonon coupled state near the E ii state. The explanation suggests a superposition mechanism of the photo-bleach and photo-induced absorption signals, which may serve as a key to the interpretation of the complex pump probe transient spectrum of carbon nanotubes. The finding sheds some light on the understanding of the complex non-radiative relaxation process and the electronic structure of single-walled carbon nanotubes.展开更多
The exciton states of semiconducting carbon nanotubes are calculated by a tight-binding model supplemented by Coulomb interactions under the combined effect of uniaxial strain and magnetic field. It is found that the ...The exciton states of semiconducting carbon nanotubes are calculated by a tight-binding model supplemented by Coulomb interactions under the combined effect of uniaxial strain and magnetic field. It is found that the excitation energies and absorption spectra of zigzag tubes（11,0） and（10,0） show opposite trends with the strain under the action of the magnetic field. For the（11,0） tube, the excitation energy decreases with the increasing uniaxial strain, with a splitting appearing in the absorption spectra. For the（10,0） tube, the variation trend firstly increases and then decreases, with a reversal point appearing in the absorption spectra. More interesting,at the reversal point the intensity of optical absorption is the largest because of the degeneracy of the two bands nearest to the Fermi Level, which is expected to be observed in the future experiment. The similar variation trend is also exhibited in the binding energy for the two kinds of semiconducting tubes.展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 50876010 and 51176011)the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University of Ministry of Education of China (Grant No. NCET-08-0721)
文摘The thermal conductivity of carbon nanotubes with certain defects （doping, Stone-Wales, and vacancy） is investigated by using the non-equilibrium molecular dynamics method. The defective carbon nanotubes （CNTs） are compared with perfect tubes. The influences of type and concentration of the defect, length, diameter, and chirality of the tube, and the ambient temperature are taken into consideration. It is demonstrated that defects result in a dramatic reduction of thermal conductivity. Doping and Stone-Wales （SW） defects have greater effect on armchair tubes, while vacancy affects the zigzag ones more. Thermal conductivity of the nanotubes increases, reaches a peak, and then decreases with increasing temperature. The temperature at which the thermal conductivity peak occurs is dependent on the defect type. Different from SW or vacancy tubes, doped tubes are similar to the perfect ones with a sharp peak at the same temperature. Thermal conductivity goes up when the tube length grows or diameter declines. It seems that the length of thermal conductivity convergence for SW tubes is much shorter than perfect or vacancy ones. The SW or vacancy tubes are less sensitive to the diameter change, compared with perfect ones.
基金supported by the National Research Foundation(NRF)of Korea grant funded by the Korean government(MSIT)(No.NRF-2021 M3 H4A1A02045962).
文摘With the increasing prevalence of lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)applications,the demand for high-capacity next-generation materials has also increased.SiO_(x)is currently considered a promising anode material due to its exceptionally high capacity for LIBs.However,the significant volumetric changes of SiO_(x)during cycling and its initial Coulombic efficiency(ICE)complicate its use,whether alone or in combination with graphite materials.In this study,a three-dimensional conductive binder network with high electronic conductivity and robust elasticity for graphite/SiO_(x)blended anodes was proposed by chemically anchoring carbon nanotubes and carboxymethyl cellulose binders using tannic acid as a chemical cross-linker.In addition,a dehydrogenation-based prelithiation strategy employing lithium hydride was utilized to enhance the ICE of SiO_(x).The combination of these two strategies increased the CE of SiO_(x)from 74%to87%and effectively mitigated its volume expansion in the graphite/SiO_(x)blended electrode,resulting in an efficient electron-conductive binder network.This led to a remarkable capacity retention of 94%after30 cycles,even under challenging conditions,with a high capacity of 550 mA h g^(-1)and a current density of 4 mA cm^(-2).Furthermore,to validate the feasibility of utilizing prelithiated SiO_(x)anode materials and the conductive binder network in LIBs,a full cell incorporating these materials and a single-crystalline Ni-rich cathode was used.This cell demonstrated a~27.3%increase in discharge capacity of the first cycle(~185.7 mA h g^(-1))and exhibited a cycling stability of 300 cycles.Thus,this study reports a simple,feasible,and insightful method for designing high-performance LIB electrodes.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 21425312, 21688102, 21621063, and 21573224)
文摘Carbon nanotubes(CNTs) have shown as unique nanoreactors to tune the catalytic activity of confined nano-catalysts. Here we report that the catalytic performance of molybdenum carbide nanoparticles(MoC_x NPs) for the hydrogen evolution reaction(HER) process can be enhanced by encapsulation within single-walled carbon nanotubes(SWNTs) with a diameter of 1–2 nm. The catalyst with MoC_x NPs located on the interior surface of SWNTs(MoCx@SWNTs) exhibits a lower onset over-potential and a smaller Tafel slope than the one with MoC_x NPs attached on the exterior surface(MoCx/SWNTs). This is likely attributed to the much smaller particle size and the more reduced states of the confined MoC_x NPs, as well as the larger specific surface area of MoCx@SWNTs compared with Mo Cx/SWNTs. In addition, the electronic structure of the confined MoC_x NPs might be modified by the confinement effects of SWNTs, and hence the adsorption free energy of H atoms on the confined MoC_x NPs, which could also contribute to their higher performance. These results suggest that the SWNTs can be further explored for constructing novel catalysts with beneficial catalytic performance.
文摘In this study,the performances of fixed and fluidized bed reactors in the production of single-walled carbon nanotubes（SWNTs）have been investigated.In both reactors,single-walled carbon nanotubes were grown by catalytic chemical vapor decomposition（CCVD）of methane over Co-Mo/MgO nanocatalyst under two different operating conditions.The synthesized samples were characterized by TEM,TGA and Raman spectroscopy.It is found that the performance of a fluidized bed in the synthesis of carbon nanotubes is much better than that of a fixed bed.The quality of carbon nanotubes obtained from the fluidized bed was significantly higher than that from the fixed bed and the former one with the ID/IG ratio of 0.11 while the latter one with the ID/IG ratio of 0.71.Also,the yield of SWNTs in the fluidized bed was 92 wt%,while it was 78 wt%in the fixed bed.These advantages of fluidized bed reactors for the synthesis of carbon nanotubes can be attributed to more available space for the growth of carbon nanotubes and more uniform temperature and concentration profiles.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China No.50730008Shanghai Science and Technology Grant No.0752nm015National Basic Research Program of China No.2006CB300406
文摘An approach was presented for synthesis of semiconducting single-walled carbon nanotubes(SWNTs) by sulfur(S) doping with the method of graphite arc discharge. Raman spectroscopy, UV-vis-NIR absorption spectroscopy and electronic properties measurements indicated the semconducting properties of the SWNTs samples. Simulant calculation indicated that S doping could induce convertion of metallic SWNTs into semiconducting ones. This strategy may pave a way for the direct synthesis of pure semiconducting SWNTs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11004230,51172273,11290161,and 11027402)the National Key Basic Research Program of China(Grant Nos.2012CB933003 and 2013CB932603)the Innovative Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(GrantNo.KJCX2-YW-W35)
文摘Nitrogen-doped single-walled carbon nanotubes （CNx-SWNTs） with tunable dopant concentrations were synthesized by chemical vapor deposition （CVD）, and their structure and elemental composition were characterized by using transmission electron microscopy （TEM） in combination with electron energy loss spectroscopy （EELS）. By comparing the Raman spectra of pristine and doped nanotubes, we observed the doping-induced Raman G band phonon stiffening and 2D band phonon softening, both of which reflect doping-induced renormalization of the electron and phonon energies in the nan- otubes and behave as expected in accord with the n-type doping effect. On the basis of first principles calculations of the distribution of delocalized carrier density in both the pristine and doped nanotubes, we show how the n-type doping occurs when nitrogen heteroatoms are substitutionally incorporated into the honeycomb tube-shell carbon lattice.
基金financial support from NSFC(2117315951420105002)
文摘To have uniform nanoparticles individually dispersed on substrate before single-walled carbon nanotubes(SWNTs)growth at high temperature is the key for controlling the diameter of the SWNTs.In this letter,a facile approach to control the diameter and distribution of the SWNTs by improving the dispersion of the uniform Fe/Mo nanoparticles on silicon wafers with silica layer chemically modified by 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexamethyldisilazane under different conditions is reported.It is found that the dispersion of the catalyst nanoparticles on Si wafer surface can be improved greatly from hydrophilic to hydrophobic,and the diameter and distribution of the SWNTs depend strongly on the dispersion of the catalyst on the substrate surface.Well dispersion of the catalyst results in relatively smaller diameter and narrower distribution of the SWNTs due to the decrease of aggregation and enhancement of dispersion of the catalyst nanoparticles before growth.It is also found that the diameter of the superlong aligned SWNTs is smaller with more narrow distribution than that of random nanotubes.
基金Project supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No.2006CB932402)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.50702015,10574034,and 10774032)
文摘In this paper, we report that an electromotive force （EMF） can be induced in a rope of aligned single-walled carbon nanotubes （SWNTs） when water droplets fall on this rope. The magnitude of this EMF depends sensitively on the slant angle of the SWNTs. Most interestingly, both the magnitude and the direction of the induced EFM can be modulated by applying a current to the SWNTs. The concepts of electrical slip and no-slip are proposed and can be quantitatively described by ＂electrical slip resistance＂. This kind of generator does not need any magnet, rotor, etc and shows quite a different operating mechanism and design compared with a conventional large scale hydroelectric power generator.
基金Project supported by the National Key Scientific Instruments Development Program of China(Grant No.2012YQ120047)
文摘An all-fiber laser using a single-walled carbon nanotube（SWCNT） as the saturable absorber（SA） for Q-switched operation in the 1031 nm region is demonstrated in this work. A lasing threshold as low as 17 mW was realized for continuous wave operation. By further increasing the pump power, stable Q-switched pulse trains are obtained when the pump power ranges from 38 mW to 125 mW, corresponding to repetition rate varying from 40.84 kHz to 66.24 kHz, the pulse width from 2.0 μs to 1.0 μs,and the highest single pulse energy of 40.6 nJ respectively.
基金supported by the Chinese National Key Program (Grant No. 2011CB932602)Natural Science Foundation of China (Key Program, 51236004)the Beijing Key Scientific Program (D12110300160000)
文摘For the synthesis of single-walled carbon nanotubes （SWCNTs） from CH4 over a Fe/MgO catalyst, we proposed a coupled Downer-turbulent fluidized-bed （TFB） reactor to enhance the selectivity and yield （or production rate） of SWCNTs. By controlling a very short catalyst residence time （1-3 s） in the Downer, only part of Fe oxides can be reduced to form Fe nano particles （NPs） available for the growth of SWCNTs. The percentage of unreduced Fe oxides increased and the yield of SWCNTs decreased accordingly with the increase of catalyst feeding rate in Downer. SWCNTs were preferentially grown on the catalyst surface and inhibited the sintering of the Fe crystallites which would be formed thereafter in the downstream TFB, evidenced by TEM, Raman and TGA. The coupled Downer-turbulent fluidized-bed reactor technology allowed higher selectivity and higher production rate of SWCNTs as compared to TFB alone.
基金Project supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant Nos.2018YFA0208403 and 2016YFA0200403)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51472057,11874129,91323304,and 11674387)+1 种基金the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDA09040101)the Baotou Rare Earth Research and Development Centre,Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.GZR 2018001)
文摘In this work we report that after single-walled carbon nanotubes(SWNTs) are sheared with a pair of titanium scissors,the magnetization becomes larger than that of the corresponding pristine ones. The magnetization increases proportionally with the number of SWNTs with sheared ends, suggesting that there exist magnetic moments at the sheared ends of SWNTs.By using the coefficient of this linear relation, the average magnetic moment is estimated to be 41.5 ± 9.8 μB(Bohr magneton) per carbon atom in the edge state at temperature of 300.0 K, suggesting that ultrahigh magnetic fields can be produced. The dangling sigma and pi bonds of the carbon atoms at sheared ends play important roles in determining the unexpectedly high magnetic moments, which may have great potential applications.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11772162)the Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region of China(Grant No.2019BS01004)the Inner Mongolia Grassland Talent,China(Grant No.12000-12102408)。
文摘We report instability of the single-walled carbon nanotubes(SWCNT) filled with non-Newtonian Jeffrey fluid.Our objective is to get the influences of relaxation time and retardation time of the Jeffrey fluid on the vibration frequency and the decaying rate of the amplitude of carbon nanotubes.An elastic Euler-Bernoulli beam model is used to describe vibrations and structural instability of the carbon nanotubes.A new vibration equation of an SWCNT conveying Jeffrey fluid is first derived by employing Euler-Bernoulli beam equation and Cauchy momentum equation taking constitutive relation of Jeffrey fluid into account.The complex vibrating frequencies of the SWCNT are computed by solving a cubic eigenvalue problem based upon differential quadrature method(DQM).It is interesting to find from computational results that retardation time has significant influences on the vibration frequency and the decaying rate of the amplitude.Especially,the vibration frequency decreases and critical velocity increases with the retardation time.That is to say,longer retardation time makes the SWCNT more stable.
基金Project supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(Grant No.2012CB933200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51206167)
文摘The influence of chirality on the thermal conductivity of single-walled carbon nanotubes （SWNTs） is discussed in this paper, using a non-equilibrium molecular dynamics （NEMD） method. The tube lengths of the SWNTs studied here are 20, 50, and 100 nm, respectively, and at each length the relationship between chiral angle and thermal conductivity of a SWNT is revealed. We find that if the tube length is relatively short, the influence of chirality on the thermal conductivity of a SWNT is more obvious and that a SWNT with a larger chiral angle has a greater thermal conductivity. Moreover, the thermal conductivity of a zigzag SWNT is smaller than that of an armchair one. As the tube length becomes longer, the thermal conductivity increases while the influence of chirality on the thermal conductivity decreases.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.11274255 and 10975114)the Natural Science Foundation of Gansu Province of China (Grant No.2011GS04358)the Creation of Science and Technology of Northwest Normal University of China (Grant No.NWNU-KJCXGC-03-48)
文摘Parametric instabilities induced by the coupling excitation between the high frequency quantum Langmuir waves and the low frequency quantum ion-acoustic waves in single-walled carbon nanotubes are studied with a quantum Zakharov model. By linearizing the quantum hydrodynamic equations, we get the dispersion relations for the high frequency quantum Langmuir wave and the low frequency quantum ion-acoustic wave. Using two-time scale method, we obtain the quantum Zaharov model in the cylindrical coordinates. Decay instability and four-wave instability are discussed in detail. It is shown that the carbon nanotube＇s radius, the equilibrium discrete azimuthal quantum number, the perturbed discrete azimuthal quantum number, and the quantum parameter all play a crucial role in the instabilities.
基金the financial supports of NSFC(No.20805033 and 30901199)SRF for ROCS,SEM(2008890-19-9)Doctoral Education Fund for New Teachers(200806101048)
文摘Depositing single-walled carbon nanotubes(SWNTs) with controllable density, pattern and orientation on electrodes presents a challenge in today's research. Here, we report a novel solvent evaporation method to align SWNTs in patterns having nanoscale width and micronscale length. SWNTs suspension has been introduced dropwise onto photoresist resin microchannels; and the capillary force can stretch and align SWNTs into strands with nanoscale width in the microchannels. Then these narrow and long aligned SWNTs patterns were successfully transferred to a pair of gold electrodes with different gaps to fabricate carbon nanotube field-effect transistor(CNTFET). Moreover, the electrical performance of the CNTFET show that the SWNTs strands can bridge different gaps and fabricate good electrical performance CNTFET with ON/OFF ratio around 106. This result suggests a promising and simple strategy for assembling well-aligned SWNTs into CNTFET device with good electrical performance.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 10774184 and 10974015)the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) (Grant No. 2007CB815101)
文摘This paper studies in detail the electronic properties of the semimetallic single-walled carbon nanotubes by applying the symmetry-adapted tight-binding model. It is found that the hybridization of π-σ states caused by the curvature produces an energy gap at the vicinity of the Fermi level. Such effects are obvious for the small zigzag and chiral single-walled carbon nanotubes. The energy gaps decrease as the diameters and the chiral angles of the tubes increase, while the top of the valence band and the bottom of the conduction band of armchair tubes cross at the Fermi level. The numeral results agree well with the experimental results.
基金Project supported by the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China (Grant No 20060003025)the State Key Program for Basic Research of China (Grant No 2003CB716201)
文摘In this paper, single-walled carbon nanotubes （SWCNTs） are studied through molecular dynamics （MD） simulation. The simulations are performed at temperatures of 1 and 300K separately, with atomic interactions characterized by the second Reactive Empirical Bond Order （REBO） potential, and temperature controlled by a certain thermostat, i.e. by separately using the velocity scaling, the Berendsen scheme, the Nose-Hoover scheme, and the generalized Langevin scheme. Results for a （5,5） SWCNT with a length of 24.5 nm show apparent distortions in nanotube configuration, which can further enter into periodic vibrations, except in simulations using the generalized Langevin thermostat, which is ascribed to periodic boundary conditions used in simulation. The periodic boundary conditions may implicitly be applied in the form of an inconsistent constraint along the axis of the nanotube. The combination of the inconsistent constraint with the cumulative errors in calculation causes the distortions of nanotubes. When the generalized Langevin thermostat is applied, inconsistently distributed errors are dispersed by the random forces, and so the distortions and vibrations disappear. This speculation is confirmed by simulation in the case without periodic boundary conditions, where no apparent distortion and vibration occur. It is also revealed that numerically induced distortions and vibrations occur only in simulation of nanotubes with a small diameter and a large length-to-diameter ratio. When MD simulation is applied to a system with a particular geometry, attention should be paid to avoiding the numerical distortion and the result infidelity.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.60571026)the Open Project of State Key Laboratory of Millimeter Wave (Grant No.K201006)the Science and Technology Research Foundation of Heilongjiang Education Bureau of China (Grant No.11531055)
文摘This paper investigates the radiation characteristics of metal single-walled zig-zag carbon nanotubes as a dipole antenna at terahertz wave range. The current distribution, input impedance and mutual impedance are calculated for various geometrical parameters of vertically-aligned carbon nanotubes. The numerical results demonstrate the properties of the antenna depending strongly on the geometrical parameters such as the radius, the lengths of carbon nantobues, and the spacing between nanotubes. It is found that the zig-zag carbon nanotubes exhibit very high input impedance and the mutual impedances for antenna array applications. These unique high impedance properties are different from the conventional metal thin wire antenna. The far-field patterns and gain of antenna array are also calculated. The maximum gain of array of 100-element array is up to 20.0 dB, which is larger than the gain of 0.598 dB of single dipole antenna at distance d = 0.5λ.
文摘Femtosecond pump probe spectroscopy is employed to study the photo-induced absorption feature in the single-walled carbon nanotube transient spectrum. The two advantages of the experiment, a chirality enriched sample and tuning the pump wavelength to the resonance of a specific nanotube species, greatly facilitate the identification of the photo-induced absorption signal of one tube species. It is found that a photo-induced absorption feature is located at one radial breathing mode to the blue side of the E11 state. This finding prompts a new explanation for the origin of the photo-induced absorption： the transition from the ground state to a phonon coupled state near the E ii state. The explanation suggests a superposition mechanism of the photo-bleach and photo-induced absorption signals, which may serve as a key to the interpretation of the complex pump probe transient spectrum of carbon nanotubes. The finding sheds some light on the understanding of the complex non-radiative relaxation process and the electronic structure of single-walled carbon nanotubes.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No 11304378the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities under Grant No 2017XKQY093
文摘The exciton states of semiconducting carbon nanotubes are calculated by a tight-binding model supplemented by Coulomb interactions under the combined effect of uniaxial strain and magnetic field. It is found that the excitation energies and absorption spectra of zigzag tubes（11,0） and（10,0） show opposite trends with the strain under the action of the magnetic field. For the（11,0） tube, the excitation energy decreases with the increasing uniaxial strain, with a splitting appearing in the absorption spectra. For the（10,0） tube, the variation trend firstly increases and then decreases, with a reversal point appearing in the absorption spectra. More interesting,at the reversal point the intensity of optical absorption is the largest because of the degeneracy of the two bands nearest to the Fermi Level, which is expected to be observed in the future experiment. The similar variation trend is also exhibited in the binding energy for the two kinds of semiconducting tubes.
