This study was conducted to investigate the effect of Soybean Peptides(SPs) on ruminal fermentation and microbial diversity in vitro. Four levels of SPs supplements(0, 0.25%, 0.50% and 0.75% dry matter basis) were tes...This study was conducted to investigate the effect of Soybean Peptides(SPs) on ruminal fermentation and microbial diversity in vitro. Four levels of SPs supplements(0, 0.25%, 0.50% and 0.75% dry matter basis) were tested. p H, NH3-N, Neutral Detergent Fiber(NDF), Acid Detergent Fiber(ADF), Dry Matter Digestibility(DMD) and the Total Volatile Fatty Acid(TVFA) were measured at 6, 24, 48 h of in vitro mixed incubation the fluids. Microbial populations were determined at 24 h and Microbial Proteins(MCP) were determined at 24 and 48 h. The gas production after 48 h in vitro incubation presented linear growth(p<0.05) and the highest content was the level of 0.5% SPs(dry matter basis). NH3-N concentration reached the highest concentration with 0.75%(dry matter basis) at 48 h. p H linearly increased(linear, p<0.05) from 6 to 48 h. The digestion of DMD increased with increasing doses of SPs at 24 h. NDF and ADF linearly(p<0.01) decreased by adding SPs. The concentration of TVFA linearly increased(p<0.05) at 6, 24 and 48 h, and reached the highest concentration at the level of 0.75%(dry matter basis). SPs decreased(p<0.05) the molar proportion of acetate and propionate, respectively at 24 and 48 h. Acetat to Propionate ratio(A/P; linear, p<0.05) increased at 48 h, and reached the greatest value at the level of 0.75%(dry matter basis) at 48 h. The populations of rumen Ruminococcus flavefaciens(R. flavefaciens), Ruminococcusalbus(R. albus), Fibrobacter succinogenes(F. succinogenes), Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens(B. fibrisolvens), Streptococcus bovis(S.bovis), Ruminobacter amylophilus(R. amylophilus) and Succinimonas amylolytica(S. amylolytica) were analyzed based on the total rumen bacterial 16 S ribosomal deoxyribonucleic acid(r DNA). The relative abundance of R. flavefaciens and R. albus increased at 24 h, but the relative abundance of F. succinogenes decreased at this time. The incubation of SPs had no effect on the abundance of S. bovis and R. amylophilus. The relative abundance of B. fibrisolvens and S. amylolytica reached the greatest value(p<0.05) at middle doses of SPs inclusion at 24 h. The value of MCPs linearly increased(p<0.05) at 24 and 48 h. These results showed that SPs could improve in vitro fermentation and nutrient digestion of feed substrates, and had the ability to modulate the ruminal fermentation pattern by regulating the composition of functional rumen microbes. Hence, SPs might be a potential feed additive applied in the diets of ruminants.展开更多
Behavioral and molecular characterization of cell-type specific populations governing fear learning and behavior is a promising avenue for the rational identification of potential therapeutics for fear-related disorde...Behavioral and molecular characterization of cell-type specific populations governing fear learning and behavior is a promising avenue for the rational identification of potential therapeutics for fear-related disorders.Identification of cell-type specific changes in neuronal translation following fear learning allows for targeted pharmacological intervention during fear extinction learning,mirroring possible treatment strategies in humans.Here we identify the central amygdala(Ce A)Drd2-expressing population as a fear-supporting population that is molecularly distinct from other,previously identified fear-supporting CeA populations.Sequencing of actively translating transcripts of Drd2 neurons identifies m RNAs that are differentially regulated following fear learning including Npy5r,Rxrg,Sst5r,Fgf3,Erb B4,Fkbp14,Dlk1,Ssh3 and Adora2a.Direct pharmacological manipulation of NPY5R,RXR,and ADORA2A confirms their importance in fear behavior and validates the present approach of identifying pharmacological targets for the modulation of emotional learning.展开更多
目的:探索在人胆囊癌GBC-SD细胞系中是否存在具有干细胞特性的SP细胞(side population cells),以及SP细胞、非SP细胞和GBC-SD细胞系表达常见干细胞标记物ABCG2、Oct-4、CD34的情况。方法:采用荧光激活细胞分选技术(FACS)分选出人胆囊癌S...目的:探索在人胆囊癌GBC-SD细胞系中是否存在具有干细胞特性的SP细胞(side population cells),以及SP细胞、非SP细胞和GBC-SD细胞系表达常见干细胞标记物ABCG2、Oct-4、CD34的情况。方法:采用荧光激活细胞分选技术(FACS)分选出人胆囊癌SP细胞和非SP细胞,通过RT-PCR、Western blot、流式细胞术以及免疫荧光化学技术检测SP细胞、非SP细胞以及GBC-SD细胞系表达ABCG2、Oct-4和CD34的情况。结果:人胆囊癌GBC-SD细胞系中存在着少量的具有干细胞潜能的SP细胞,其所占的比例为(0.64±0.08)%,SP细胞相对于非SP细胞和GBC-SD细胞,具有更强的体外侵袭力(P<0.05);并且ABCG2在胆囊癌SP细胞中呈现出高表达的状态(89.56±3.86)%,在非SP细胞中几乎不表达(1.32±0.49)%,在未分选胆囊癌细胞系中ABCG2呈弱表达(12.37±1.61)%,P=0.001;Oct-4在三种细胞中的表达分别为:(94.87±1.40)%、(88.16±2.34)%、(90.17±1.61)%,P>0.05;CD34在mRNA水平高表达于非SP细胞和GBC-SD细胞,不表达于SP细胞;在蛋白水平几乎均不表达于这三种细胞,其含量依次为:(1.78±0.51)%、(0.63±0.21)%、(0.96±0_38)%,P>0.05。结论:人胆囊癌GBC-SD细胞系中存在具有干细胞特性的SP细胞,并且具有ABCG2^+Oct-4^+CD34^-的表型特征。展开更多
目的鉴定乳腺癌干细胞系MCF-7中是否包含肿瘤干细胞相关的SP(side popu lation)亚群。方法制备MCF-7细胞悬液,经Hoechst33342和PI染色(其中一组同时加入拮抗剂维拉帕米作为对照),流式细胞仪分析SP亚群。另取贴壁生长的MCF-7细胞,用Hoech...目的鉴定乳腺癌干细胞系MCF-7中是否包含肿瘤干细胞相关的SP(side popu lation)亚群。方法制备MCF-7细胞悬液,经Hoechst33342和PI染色(其中一组同时加入拮抗剂维拉帕米作为对照),流式细胞仪分析SP亚群。另取贴壁生长的MCF-7细胞,用Hoechst33342和羟基荧光素二醋酸盐琥珀酰亚胺脂(CFSE)原位染色,荧光显微镜下观察细胞染色情况。结果SP亚群占MCF-7细胞的4%,维拉帕米阻断后减少为0.5%。荧光显微镜下见Hoechst33342阳性细胞约占95%。结论人乳腺癌细胞系MCF-7中存在SP亚群,即提示乳腺癌干细胞的存在;维拉帕米可抑制染料外排而减少SP细胞的比例。展开更多
基金the China Agricultural Research System for providing facility and funds for experiment
文摘This study was conducted to investigate the effect of Soybean Peptides(SPs) on ruminal fermentation and microbial diversity in vitro. Four levels of SPs supplements(0, 0.25%, 0.50% and 0.75% dry matter basis) were tested. p H, NH3-N, Neutral Detergent Fiber(NDF), Acid Detergent Fiber(ADF), Dry Matter Digestibility(DMD) and the Total Volatile Fatty Acid(TVFA) were measured at 6, 24, 48 h of in vitro mixed incubation the fluids. Microbial populations were determined at 24 h and Microbial Proteins(MCP) were determined at 24 and 48 h. The gas production after 48 h in vitro incubation presented linear growth(p<0.05) and the highest content was the level of 0.5% SPs(dry matter basis). NH3-N concentration reached the highest concentration with 0.75%(dry matter basis) at 48 h. p H linearly increased(linear, p<0.05) from 6 to 48 h. The digestion of DMD increased with increasing doses of SPs at 24 h. NDF and ADF linearly(p<0.01) decreased by adding SPs. The concentration of TVFA linearly increased(p<0.05) at 6, 24 and 48 h, and reached the highest concentration at the level of 0.75%(dry matter basis). SPs decreased(p<0.05) the molar proportion of acetate and propionate, respectively at 24 and 48 h. Acetat to Propionate ratio(A/P; linear, p<0.05) increased at 48 h, and reached the greatest value at the level of 0.75%(dry matter basis) at 48 h. The populations of rumen Ruminococcus flavefaciens(R. flavefaciens), Ruminococcusalbus(R. albus), Fibrobacter succinogenes(F. succinogenes), Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens(B. fibrisolvens), Streptococcus bovis(S.bovis), Ruminobacter amylophilus(R. amylophilus) and Succinimonas amylolytica(S. amylolytica) were analyzed based on the total rumen bacterial 16 S ribosomal deoxyribonucleic acid(r DNA). The relative abundance of R. flavefaciens and R. albus increased at 24 h, but the relative abundance of F. succinogenes decreased at this time. The incubation of SPs had no effect on the abundance of S. bovis and R. amylophilus. The relative abundance of B. fibrisolvens and S. amylolytica reached the greatest value(p<0.05) at middle doses of SPs inclusion at 24 h. The value of MCPs linearly increased(p<0.05) at 24 and 48 h. These results showed that SPs could improve in vitro fermentation and nutrient digestion of feed substrates, and had the ability to modulate the ruminal fermentation pattern by regulating the composition of functional rumen microbes. Hence, SPs might be a potential feed additive applied in the diets of ruminants.
文摘Behavioral and molecular characterization of cell-type specific populations governing fear learning and behavior is a promising avenue for the rational identification of potential therapeutics for fear-related disorders.Identification of cell-type specific changes in neuronal translation following fear learning allows for targeted pharmacological intervention during fear extinction learning,mirroring possible treatment strategies in humans.Here we identify the central amygdala(Ce A)Drd2-expressing population as a fear-supporting population that is molecularly distinct from other,previously identified fear-supporting CeA populations.Sequencing of actively translating transcripts of Drd2 neurons identifies m RNAs that are differentially regulated following fear learning including Npy5r,Rxrg,Sst5r,Fgf3,Erb B4,Fkbp14,Dlk1,Ssh3 and Adora2a.Direct pharmacological manipulation of NPY5R,RXR,and ADORA2A confirms their importance in fear behavior and validates the present approach of identifying pharmacological targets for the modulation of emotional learning.
文摘目的:探索在人胆囊癌GBC-SD细胞系中是否存在具有干细胞特性的SP细胞(side population cells),以及SP细胞、非SP细胞和GBC-SD细胞系表达常见干细胞标记物ABCG2、Oct-4、CD34的情况。方法:采用荧光激活细胞分选技术(FACS)分选出人胆囊癌SP细胞和非SP细胞,通过RT-PCR、Western blot、流式细胞术以及免疫荧光化学技术检测SP细胞、非SP细胞以及GBC-SD细胞系表达ABCG2、Oct-4和CD34的情况。结果:人胆囊癌GBC-SD细胞系中存在着少量的具有干细胞潜能的SP细胞,其所占的比例为(0.64±0.08)%,SP细胞相对于非SP细胞和GBC-SD细胞,具有更强的体外侵袭力(P<0.05);并且ABCG2在胆囊癌SP细胞中呈现出高表达的状态(89.56±3.86)%,在非SP细胞中几乎不表达(1.32±0.49)%,在未分选胆囊癌细胞系中ABCG2呈弱表达(12.37±1.61)%,P=0.001;Oct-4在三种细胞中的表达分别为:(94.87±1.40)%、(88.16±2.34)%、(90.17±1.61)%,P>0.05;CD34在mRNA水平高表达于非SP细胞和GBC-SD细胞,不表达于SP细胞;在蛋白水平几乎均不表达于这三种细胞,其含量依次为:(1.78±0.51)%、(0.63±0.21)%、(0.96±0_38)%,P>0.05。结论:人胆囊癌GBC-SD细胞系中存在具有干细胞特性的SP细胞,并且具有ABCG2^+Oct-4^+CD34^-的表型特征。
文摘目的鉴定乳腺癌干细胞系MCF-7中是否包含肿瘤干细胞相关的SP(side popu lation)亚群。方法制备MCF-7细胞悬液,经Hoechst33342和PI染色(其中一组同时加入拮抗剂维拉帕米作为对照),流式细胞仪分析SP亚群。另取贴壁生长的MCF-7细胞,用Hoechst33342和羟基荧光素二醋酸盐琥珀酰亚胺脂(CFSE)原位染色,荧光显微镜下观察细胞染色情况。结果SP亚群占MCF-7细胞的4%,维拉帕米阻断后减少为0.5%。荧光显微镜下见Hoechst33342阳性细胞约占95%。结论人乳腺癌细胞系MCF-7中存在SP亚群,即提示乳腺癌干细胞的存在;维拉帕米可抑制染料外排而减少SP细胞的比例。
