By two years （2007-2008） located fertilizer experiment, the effect of long-term combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers on black soil fertility and crop yield was investigated in Shuangcheng City, ...By two years （2007-2008） located fertilizer experiment, the effect of long-term combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers on black soil fertility and crop yield was investigated in Shuangcheng City, Heilongjiang Province. The results showed that the combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers could increase the organinc matter, alkaline nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium. At the same time, the increasing application of organic fertilizer could reduce the soil bulk density and improve the field moisture capacity. Field moisture capacity and organic matter of the combined application of high quantities of organic manure and inorganic fertilizers AtB5 treatment increased the fhstest, organic matter increased by 3.33 g. kg and field moisture capacity increased by 11.25% than the beginning of the experiment. Under the same fertilization, the combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers＇ increasing production range was higher than the single chemical fertilizers＇ which was from 0.8% to 9.4%. The results showed that the combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers could increase the nutrient contents of soil and also was the highest productivity contribution to black soil fertility. It was the best fertilization structure of increasing productivity level and improving the soil fertility.展开更多
Soybean cultivar Bei 92-28 was tested in this experiment in 2000 to study the coupling effect of water and ferilizer on soybean yield.The results showed that the effect of irrigation varied among the levels of fertili...Soybean cultivar Bei 92-28 was tested in this experiment in 2000 to study the coupling effect of water and ferilizer on soybean yield.The results showed that the effect of irrigation varied among the levels of fertilizer application,and vice versa;pods per plant,seeds per pod.and 100-seed weight had positive correlations with soybean yield,but the degrees of correlations of different treatments were various;LAI and dry matter accumulation could be significantly increased when watered and applied fertilizer with different levels,but high fertilizer application treatment didn't obtain the highest yield;watering could increase the absolute absorption amount of N,P,K in seeds,but the accumulation rates were various.展开更多
The results of pot and pond trials are as follows.On equal amount of nitrogen(N)applied,the wheat nitrate reduction activity(NRA)and photosynthesis strength and other phy-siological properties are stronger and yields ...The results of pot and pond trials are as follows.On equal amount of nitrogen(N)applied,the wheat nitrate reduction activity(NRA)and photosynthesis strength and other phy-siological properties are stronger and yields are higher at normal soil moisture than those atdrought.At the same soil moisture,in a certain range of N applied,these properties of wheat in-crease with the increasing of N applied,but they descend when the amount of N applied exceedsa certain range.展开更多
In order to explore the response of maize phosphorus absorption to the appropriate proportion of organic fertilizer substitution for reduced chemical fertilizer,a field experiment with eight treatments was conducted i...In order to explore the response of maize phosphorus absorption to the appropriate proportion of organic fertilizer substitution for reduced chemical fertilizer,a field experiment with eight treatments was conducted in 2018.The eight treatments in the trial were:(1)CK;(2)M0+F;(3)M1+F1;(4)M1+F2;(5)M2+F1;(6)M2+F2;(7)M3+F1 and(8)M3+F2.In these treatments,M0,M1,M2 and M3 were organic fertilization of 0,15(low),30(medium)and 45(high)m3•hm-2,respectively.F1 and F2 indicated 20%and 40%reduction of conventional chemical fertilization.The soil nutrient content,phosphorus accumulation,dry weight,yield and yield components of maize were analyzed.The results showed that the phosphorus accumulation of maize stalks and leaves were 3.30%-43.17%and 10.98%-84.95%higher in M3+F1 treatment(20%reduction of chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer of 45 m3•hm-2)than those in the conventional treatment(M0+F)during the maize reproductive period.At R2 stage,stalk and shoot P accumulation of M3+F1 treatment were 24.67%-43.18%and 20.34%-25.19%higher than other treatments,respectively.At V12 stage,leaf P accumulation of M3+F1 increased by 84.95%compared with other treatments.The maize yield of M3+F1 was significantly higher than that of other treatments,even though the partial productivity of the total phosphorus fertilizer of M3+F2 was the highest in the treatments.It could be found that the substitution of organic fertilizer for chemical fertilizer improved crop yield,phosphorus fertilizer efficiency and accumulation.M3+F1 treatment had the most positive effects on improving maize phosphorus accumulation and yield.展开更多
有机肥部分替代化肥是一种实现化肥减量的可持续农业生产措施。本研究于2020和2021连续2年以“沁黄2号”为供试材料,设不施氮(CK)、常量化肥氮(NPK)、有机肥替代25%化肥氮(25%M)、有机肥替代50%化肥氮(50%M)、有机肥替代75%化肥氮(75%M...有机肥部分替代化肥是一种实现化肥减量的可持续农业生产措施。本研究于2020和2021连续2年以“沁黄2号”为供试材料,设不施氮(CK)、常量化肥氮(NPK)、有机肥替代25%化肥氮(25%M)、有机肥替代50%化肥氮(50%M)、有机肥替代75%化肥氮(75%M)和有机肥替代100%化肥氮(100%M) 6个处理,研究不同替代率对谷子产量构成和氮素吸收的影响,并分析氮素吸收调控小米米色、糊化特性和类胡萝卜素组分的效应,明确谷子生产中有机肥最佳替代率。结果表明,2年中较低的有机肥替代化肥氮率显著提高了谷子植株氮素累积,但随着替代率的持续增加,植株氮素累积量呈降低趋势,最终影响谷子产量和小米品质。2020年, 25%M处理显著提高了谷子地上部氮素累积量,较NPK处理提高9.6%;2021年,25%M处理谷子地上部氮素累积量、生物量、穗粒数和产量达到最高,较NPK处理分别提高6.1%、12.0%、15.4%和12.0%。50%M处理显著影响了小米的米色、糊化特征和类胡萝卜素含量,与NPK相比,小米籽粒红绿值、橘色值、支链淀粉含量、总淀粉含量、小米糊化最终黏度、叶黄素含量、玉米黄质含量和黄色素含量的增幅分别可达6.0%、6.0%、7.4%、4.3%、7.8%、20.7%、17.4%和2.8%。但有机肥完全替代化肥降低了谷子地上部氮素吸收、地上部生物量、穗粒数及谷子产量,也抑制了小米叶黄素和玉米黄质含量的提升。2年均表现出谷子地上部氮吸收量与小米单粒重、直链淀粉含量和小米糊化回升值呈显著的负相关。且2021年谷子地上部氮吸收量还与小米总淀粉含量、蛋白质含量、小米粉糊化峰值黏度和小米黄色素含量呈显著的负相关,与小米糊化峰谷黏度呈显著的正相关。综上,施氮总量120 kg hm^(–2)下,有机肥替代25%~50%化肥氮能通过促进植株氮素的吸收,实现产量、米色、蒸煮特性及类胡萝卜素的协同提升,为谷子化肥减量和提质增效生产提供技术支撑。展开更多
基金Supported by Black Soil Conservation Tillage and Oriented Cultivation Technology Research (GB06B107-1)Innovation Fund of Northeast Agricultural University (CXP7003-3-3)+1 种基金Northeast Agricultural University and the Scientific Research Fund of Heilongjiang Province to Black CollegesUniversities Cold Key Laboratory of Utilization and Protection of Open-funded Projects (GXS08-5)
文摘By two years （2007-2008） located fertilizer experiment, the effect of long-term combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers on black soil fertility and crop yield was investigated in Shuangcheng City, Heilongjiang Province. The results showed that the combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers could increase the organinc matter, alkaline nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium. At the same time, the increasing application of organic fertilizer could reduce the soil bulk density and improve the field moisture capacity. Field moisture capacity and organic matter of the combined application of high quantities of organic manure and inorganic fertilizers AtB5 treatment increased the fhstest, organic matter increased by 3.33 g. kg and field moisture capacity increased by 11.25% than the beginning of the experiment. Under the same fertilization, the combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers＇ increasing production range was higher than the single chemical fertilizers＇ which was from 0.8% to 9.4%. The results showed that the combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers could increase the nutrient contents of soil and also was the highest productivity contribution to black soil fertility. It was the best fertilization structure of increasing productivity level and improving the soil fertility.
文摘Soybean cultivar Bei 92-28 was tested in this experiment in 2000 to study the coupling effect of water and ferilizer on soybean yield.The results showed that the effect of irrigation varied among the levels of fertilizer application,and vice versa;pods per plant,seeds per pod.and 100-seed weight had positive correlations with soybean yield,but the degrees of correlations of different treatments were various;LAI and dry matter accumulation could be significantly increased when watered and applied fertilizer with different levels,but high fertilizer application treatment didn't obtain the highest yield;watering could increase the absolute absorption amount of N,P,K in seeds,but the accumulation rates were various.
文摘The results of pot and pond trials are as follows.On equal amount of nitrogen(N)applied,the wheat nitrate reduction activity(NRA)and photosynthesis strength and other phy-siological properties are stronger and yields are higher at normal soil moisture than those atdrought.At the same soil moisture,in a certain range of N applied,these properties of wheat in-crease with the increasing of N applied,but they descend when the amount of N applied exceedsa certain range.
基金Supported by the National Key Research and Development Plan Project(2017YFD0201803)。
文摘In order to explore the response of maize phosphorus absorption to the appropriate proportion of organic fertilizer substitution for reduced chemical fertilizer,a field experiment with eight treatments was conducted in 2018.The eight treatments in the trial were:(1)CK;(2)M0+F;(3)M1+F1;(4)M1+F2;(5)M2+F1;(6)M2+F2;(7)M3+F1 and(8)M3+F2.In these treatments,M0,M1,M2 and M3 were organic fertilization of 0,15(low),30(medium)and 45(high)m3•hm-2,respectively.F1 and F2 indicated 20%and 40%reduction of conventional chemical fertilization.The soil nutrient content,phosphorus accumulation,dry weight,yield and yield components of maize were analyzed.The results showed that the phosphorus accumulation of maize stalks and leaves were 3.30%-43.17%and 10.98%-84.95%higher in M3+F1 treatment(20%reduction of chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer of 45 m3•hm-2)than those in the conventional treatment(M0+F)during the maize reproductive period.At R2 stage,stalk and shoot P accumulation of M3+F1 treatment were 24.67%-43.18%and 20.34%-25.19%higher than other treatments,respectively.At V12 stage,leaf P accumulation of M3+F1 increased by 84.95%compared with other treatments.The maize yield of M3+F1 was significantly higher than that of other treatments,even though the partial productivity of the total phosphorus fertilizer of M3+F2 was the highest in the treatments.It could be found that the substitution of organic fertilizer for chemical fertilizer improved crop yield,phosphorus fertilizer efficiency and accumulation.M3+F1 treatment had the most positive effects on improving maize phosphorus accumulation and yield.
文摘有机肥部分替代化肥是一种实现化肥减量的可持续农业生产措施。本研究于2020和2021连续2年以“沁黄2号”为供试材料,设不施氮(CK)、常量化肥氮(NPK)、有机肥替代25%化肥氮(25%M)、有机肥替代50%化肥氮(50%M)、有机肥替代75%化肥氮(75%M)和有机肥替代100%化肥氮(100%M) 6个处理,研究不同替代率对谷子产量构成和氮素吸收的影响,并分析氮素吸收调控小米米色、糊化特性和类胡萝卜素组分的效应,明确谷子生产中有机肥最佳替代率。结果表明,2年中较低的有机肥替代化肥氮率显著提高了谷子植株氮素累积,但随着替代率的持续增加,植株氮素累积量呈降低趋势,最终影响谷子产量和小米品质。2020年, 25%M处理显著提高了谷子地上部氮素累积量,较NPK处理提高9.6%;2021年,25%M处理谷子地上部氮素累积量、生物量、穗粒数和产量达到最高,较NPK处理分别提高6.1%、12.0%、15.4%和12.0%。50%M处理显著影响了小米的米色、糊化特征和类胡萝卜素含量,与NPK相比,小米籽粒红绿值、橘色值、支链淀粉含量、总淀粉含量、小米糊化最终黏度、叶黄素含量、玉米黄质含量和黄色素含量的增幅分别可达6.0%、6.0%、7.4%、4.3%、7.8%、20.7%、17.4%和2.8%。但有机肥完全替代化肥降低了谷子地上部氮素吸收、地上部生物量、穗粒数及谷子产量,也抑制了小米叶黄素和玉米黄质含量的提升。2年均表现出谷子地上部氮吸收量与小米单粒重、直链淀粉含量和小米糊化回升值呈显著的负相关。且2021年谷子地上部氮吸收量还与小米总淀粉含量、蛋白质含量、小米粉糊化峰值黏度和小米黄色素含量呈显著的负相关,与小米糊化峰谷黏度呈显著的正相关。综上,施氮总量120 kg hm^(–2)下,有机肥替代25%~50%化肥氮能通过促进植株氮素的吸收,实现产量、米色、蒸煮特性及类胡萝卜素的协同提升,为谷子化肥减量和提质增效生产提供技术支撑。
