To investigate the in vitro digestion and fermentation properties of soybean oligosaccharides(SBOS)extracted from defatted soybean meal,the changes in monosaccharide composition and molecular mass were analyzed.Subseq...To investigate the in vitro digestion and fermentation properties of soybean oligosaccharides(SBOS)extracted from defatted soybean meal,the changes in monosaccharide composition and molecular mass were analyzed.Subsequently,the effect of SBOS on microbial community structure and metabolites was studied by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and untargeted metabolomics based on liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.Results showed that SBOS was not easily enzymolyzed during simulated digestion and could reach the large intestine through the digestive system.The significant decrease in the molecular mass of SBOS after in vitro fermentation indicated its utilization by the gut microbiota,which increased the contents of short-chain fatty acids and lactic acid,thereby reducing the pH of the fermentation broth.Moreover,the core community was found to consist of Blautia,Lactobacillaceae,and Pediococcus.SBOS up-regulated beneficial differential metabolites such as myo-inositol,lactose,and glucose,which were closely related to galactose,amino sugar,and nucleotide sugar metabolism.This study will provide a reference for exploring the relationship between the gut microbiota and the metabolites of SBOS,and provide a basis for the development and application of SBOS as an ingredient for functional products.展开更多
Soybean meal （SBM） is commonly used for livestock feeds, but its application in diets for livestock is limited due to some antinutritional factors. The contents of methionine and lysine of soybean meal were promoted...Soybean meal （SBM） is commonly used for livestock feeds, but its application in diets for livestock is limited due to some antinutritional factors. The contents of methionine and lysine of soybean meal were promoted by Bacillus natto and Leuconostoc mesenteroides fermentation, benefial for the livestock feeds. It was crude protein （CP） 56.8%, methionine 43.56 mg · g^-1, and lysine 74.87 mg · g^-1, cows fed a diet with FSBM milk yield raised 14.2%, the change in the milk protein, the lactose and the dry matter content had also obvious increase. This convenient technique offers helpful exploration for industrialization of soybean meal fermentation.展开更多
The feed additive was composed of six Chinese Herbal（CH）（including Poria, Astragalus, Cork, Orange peel, Hawthorn and Radix）, which were fermented by Lactobacillus and used as a feed additive for piglets basal die...The feed additive was composed of six Chinese Herbal（CH）（including Poria, Astragalus, Cork, Orange peel, Hawthorn and Radix）, which were fermented by Lactobacillus and used as a feed additive for piglets basal diet. Similar to group of antibiotic and herbal medicine, fermented herbal medicine was additived to basic diet in four trials with eight replications per trial, determining effect on the growth performance, biochemical and immunological indicators. Compared with the control group, the group of fermented herbal compound had higher Average Daily Gain（ADG）, higher content of immune globulin M（IgM） and immune globulin A（Ig A）（p〈0.05）. There was no significant effect on the indicators of ADG, Average Daily Feed Intake（ADFI） and diarrhea rate（p〉0.05） between groups of antibiotic and fermented herbal were observed; however, the concentrations of Total Protein（TP）, Growth Hormone（GH）, IgG, IgM and IgA significantly increased（p〈0.05） compared with the control group.展开更多
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of Soybean Peptides(SPs) on ruminal fermentation and microbial diversity in vitro. Four levels of SPs supplements(0, 0.25%, 0.50% and 0.75% dry matter basis) were tes...This study was conducted to investigate the effect of Soybean Peptides(SPs) on ruminal fermentation and microbial diversity in vitro. Four levels of SPs supplements(0, 0.25%, 0.50% and 0.75% dry matter basis) were tested. p H, NH3-N, Neutral Detergent Fiber(NDF), Acid Detergent Fiber(ADF), Dry Matter Digestibility(DMD) and the Total Volatile Fatty Acid(TVFA) were measured at 6, 24, 48 h of in vitro mixed incubation the fluids. Microbial populations were determined at 24 h and Microbial Proteins(MCP) were determined at 24 and 48 h. The gas production after 48 h in vitro incubation presented linear growth(p<0.05) and the highest content was the level of 0.5% SPs(dry matter basis). NH3-N concentration reached the highest concentration with 0.75%(dry matter basis) at 48 h. p H linearly increased(linear, p<0.05) from 6 to 48 h. The digestion of DMD increased with increasing doses of SPs at 24 h. NDF and ADF linearly(p<0.01) decreased by adding SPs. The concentration of TVFA linearly increased(p<0.05) at 6, 24 and 48 h, and reached the highest concentration at the level of 0.75%(dry matter basis). SPs decreased(p<0.05) the molar proportion of acetate and propionate, respectively at 24 and 48 h. Acetat to Propionate ratio(A/P; linear, p<0.05) increased at 48 h, and reached the greatest value at the level of 0.75%(dry matter basis) at 48 h. The populations of rumen Ruminococcus flavefaciens(R. flavefaciens), Ruminococcusalbus(R. albus), Fibrobacter succinogenes(F. succinogenes), Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens(B. fibrisolvens), Streptococcus bovis(S.bovis), Ruminobacter amylophilus(R. amylophilus) and Succinimonas amylolytica(S. amylolytica) were analyzed based on the total rumen bacterial 16 S ribosomal deoxyribonucleic acid(r DNA). The relative abundance of R. flavefaciens and R. albus increased at 24 h, but the relative abundance of F. succinogenes decreased at this time. The incubation of SPs had no effect on the abundance of S. bovis and R. amylophilus. The relative abundance of B. fibrisolvens and S. amylolytica reached the greatest value(p<0.05) at middle doses of SPs inclusion at 24 h. The value of MCPs linearly increased(p<0.05) at 24 and 48 h. These results showed that SPs could improve in vitro fermentation and nutrient digestion of feed substrates, and had the ability to modulate the ruminal fermentation pattern by regulating the composition of functional rumen microbes. Hence, SPs might be a potential feed additive applied in the diets of ruminants.展开更多
In order to solve the citrus peel resource waste problem protopectinase-overproducing strain CD-01 for pectin production and minimize the drawbacks of chemical extraction of pectin, a was isolated from a pit soil dump...In order to solve the citrus peel resource waste problem protopectinase-overproducing strain CD-01 for pectin production and minimize the drawbacks of chemical extraction of pectin, a was isolated from a pit soil dumped with perished orange in Changde City, Hunan Province of China. The strain CD-01 had the same morphology and 28S rRNA gene sequence （FJ184995） as that of Aspergillus niger （ATCC 64028）. It was thus identified and named as Aspergillus niger CD-01. The fermentation condition was optimized based on L9（34） orthogonal experimental design and the variances analyses. The results show that the optimal condition for producing pectin is as follows： time 36 h, temperature 35 ℃, pH 5, and urea as the nitrogen source. Under this condition, the pectin yield can reach up to 24.5%. This shows a great potential of Aspergillus niger CD-01 in pectin extraction from citrus.展开更多
The immune regulatory and antioxidant roles of Ganoderma lucidum were investigated using cyclophosphamide(CTX)-induced immunosuppressed mice. Mice were randomly divided into groups: untreated(groupⅠ), immunosuppresse...The immune regulatory and antioxidant roles of Ganoderma lucidum were investigated using cyclophosphamide(CTX)-induced immunosuppressed mice. Mice were randomly divided into groups: untreated(groupⅠ), immunosuppressed(groupⅡ), unfermented G. lucidum polysaccharide(groupⅢ) and fermented G. lucidum polysaccharide(group Ⅳ). After seven consecutive days of treatments, the serum concentration of IL-4, IFN-gamma, IgG, IgA and IgM and the liver activity of GSH-Px, SOD, CAT and MDA enzymes were analyzed. The contents of IL-4, IFN-γ in serum and GSH-Px, SOD and CAT in liver tissues were significantly reduced in groupⅡ compared with those in group I, indicating successful CTX-induced immunosuppression. Interestingly, the results showed that the above immune and antioxidant indicators were significantly improved after G. lucidum polysaccharide treatment, regardless of fermentation. However, fermentation caused changes in polysaccharide structure, which might have a significant impact on immune regulation and antioxidant functions in immunosuppressed mice.展开更多
The present work focuses on the influence of various parameters, i.e., the dosage of cellulase, the inoculum concentration of yeast, the fermentation temperature and the fermentation time, on the alcohol content and s...The present work focuses on the influence of various parameters, i.e., the dosage of cellulase, the inoculum concentration of yeast, the fermentation temperature and the fermentation time, on the alcohol content and sensory evaluation of the low-alcoholic health drink produced from corncob in a yeast-cellulase synchronous fermentation process. The fermentation was performed by inoculating the seed solution (containing corncob powder and yeast) and cellulase into the synchronous saccharification fermentation medium. Single-factor experiments and orthogonal experiments were performed, and the optimal processing conditions were obtained based on the characterizations of alcohol content and sensory evaluation. The results show that the alcohol content and sensory evaluation of the drink can reach 6.1 vol.% and 92, respectively, when the dosage of cellulase, inoculum concentration of yeast, the fermentation temperature and the fermentation time are 15 U/g, 7%, 32℃ and 84 h, respectively.展开更多
Methionine （Met） and lysine （Lys） have been reported as the first two limiting amino acids （AA） for maximum milk yield and milk protein production. Supplying these AA may improve microbial protein synthesis and ...Methionine （Met） and lysine （Lys） have been reported as the first two limiting amino acids （AA） for maximum milk yield and milk protein production. Supplying these AA may improve microbial protein synthesis and therefore improve milk production without adding excess N to the environment. This observation utilized fermented soybean meal （SBM）, cottonseed meal （CSM）, rapeseed meal （RSM） and corn by Bacillus subtilis 168 and Leuconostoc mesenteroides as core feedstuffs to produce special biological protein feed for dairy cow. The results showed that the milk production, milk protein percentage, milk fat percentage and milk DM percentage of test groups in trial period were significantly more than those of the control group （P〈0.01）, the results showed that adding fermenting protein feed in dairy cow diets could significantly improve milk yield, milk protein and milk fat content. The economic benefits of actual application were analyzed, the group of 0.5% was the best compared with the other groups.展开更多
This paper mainly dealt with the dissolved oxygen in production of D-ribose by fermentation. The oxygen transfer coefficients of common flask, buffed flask and jar fermentor were determined.
The aim was to examine the biotransformation of chemical compounds during the fermentation of litchi wine.S.bccyanus BV818 was inoculated to litchi juice(Heiye)to initiate the fermentation.Acetic acid decreased dramat...The aim was to examine the biotransformation of chemical compounds during the fermentation of litchi wine.S.bccyanus BV818 was inoculated to litchi juice(Heiye)to initiate the fermentation.Acetic acid decreased dramatically,succinic acid and DL-malic acid increased sharply.Saturated free fatty acid increased,especially the concentration of the free fatty acid with long carbon chain(more than 10 carbons)increased significantly.The unique flavor compounds of fresh litchi including linalool,α-terpineol,β-citronellol and other terpenoids remained in the litchi wine were transformed to other aroma constituents,by which the primary litchi flavor was retained.The wine had a fruity flavor and delicate bouquet and had harmonious sourness and sweetness.The litchi'Heiye'was suitable for being fermented into litchi wine.展开更多
Kinetics of glycerol production by fermentation with osmotolerant yeast Candida krusei was studied. Suppositions of cell negative effect on and glucose inhibition in specific growth rate and glycerol assumption for en...Kinetics of glycerol production by fermentation with osmotolerant yeast Candida krusei was studied. Suppositions of cell negative effect on and glucose inhibition in specific growth rate and glycerol assumption for energy maintenance were made. Based on the suppositions, a set of unstructured kinetic models including cell groWth, glucose consumption and glycerol accumulation rate was proposed. To avoid the significant decrease of produced glyccerol in the latter fermentation stage, the fermentation was suggested to be ended when the concentration ratio of glycerol to glucose is close to 7.展开更多
Optimal glucose feed strategy for glycerol fed-batch fermentation was investigated by Pontryagin’s maximum principle to maximize the final glycerol yield. The problem was solved by a nonsingular control approach by s...Optimal glucose feed strategy for glycerol fed-batch fermentation was investigated by Pontryagin’s maximum principle to maximize the final glycerol yield. The problem was solved by a nonsingular control approach by selecting the culture volume as the control variable, then the general optimal feed profile was numerically determined.展开更多
Culture condition of every phase for fermentation of yeast culture was studied, and its solid and liquid conditions of elaboration were optimized to improve the total counts of living cells. Results showed that microz...Culture condition of every phase for fermentation of yeast culture was studied, and its solid and liquid conditions of elaboration were optimized to improve the total counts of living cells. Results showed that microzyme grew best at 30℃ when solid fermented, and the count of the living cells reached the tiptop with pH 5.5. The count of Candida tropicalis could reach 137.96× 10^9 cfu·g^-1, the count of Saccharomyces cerevisia could reach 134.62× 10^9 cfu·g^-1 the best liquid fermentation condition for cell-wall broken was 50℃ for 28 h, the rate of cell-wall broken could reach 80% at least; the rate of vitamin loss in yeast could be the minimun, the loss rate of vitamin B6 in Candida tropicalis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae was 8.71% and 19.54% respectively, the loss rate of vitamin B2 was 19.39% and 13.18%, respectively, and the loss rate of vitamin B6 was 6.3% and 3.04%, respectively.展开更多
Two parts were involved in this experiment. In experiment 1, 32 Chinese Holstein cows with relatively similar body condition, lactation number and days in milk were selected. The cows were assigned in a randomized com...Two parts were involved in this experiment. In experiment 1, 32 Chinese Holstein cows with relatively similar body condition, lactation number and days in milk were selected. The cows were assigned in a randomized complete block design trial to determine the effect of supplemental Bacillus cultures to diet on production performance in dairy cattle. Four treatments, i.e., Bacillus licheniformis （strain number 1.813） group, Bacillus subtilis （strain number 1.1086） group, Bacillus cereus var. mycoides （strain number 1.260） group and control group. Each treatment had eight replicates, each replicate had one cow, 50 g per head per day. Results showed that Bacillus licheniformis group increased the milk yield （P〈0.05）. The other two groups didn＇t have significant effect on milk yield than the control group （P〉0.05）. In experiment 2, 3 Chinese Holstein cows with permanent fistulas were used. 3×3 Latin squares were assigned to three diets： Bacillus lincheniformis culture, Bacillus subtilis culture and control. Bacillus licheniformis culture increased total rumen microorganism （P〈0.05）, decreased the ammonia N concentration at 2, 4 h （P〈0.05）. Bacillus licheniformis culture increased the total volatile fatty （P〉0.05）, increased the rate of acetic acid to propionic acid （P〉0.05）. Bacillus licheniformis culture decreased the methane production （P〈0.05）.展开更多
This article, based on investigation and analysis, existed anaerobic fermentation equipment, with a view to the production of high-latitude area, pointed out the thought of exploiting efficient anaerobic fermentation ...This article, based on investigation and analysis, existed anaerobic fermentation equipment, with a view to the production of high-latitude area, pointed out the thought of exploiting efficient anaerobic fermentation equipment, including： the settting independent equipment of acidogenic phase and methanogenic phase; the applying conbination of AF and UASB in methanogenic phase; adopting efficient sludge inverse flowing equipment and the technique of flora enrichment, and efficient method of saving energy and thermal retardation; adopting autocontrol which could make the equipment run efficiently and stably.展开更多
Biosensors, which are the products of the biotechnology industry, are among the key projects of the 7th, 8th, and 9th Fiveyear Plans of China Science ＆ Technology Developing Programs, respectively, and they play an i...Biosensors, which are the products of the biotechnology industry, are among the key projects of the 7th, 8th, and 9th Fiveyear Plans of China Science ＆ Technology Developing Programs, respectively, and they play an important role in developing and reforming traditional biotechnology. SBA series biosensor analyzer, as the only one commercial biosensor in China, has attracted lots of attention in the process of information gathering and measurement for biological industry with the development of technology and society. In this paper, we presented an overview of the most important contributions dealing with the monitoring of the biochemical analytes in fermentation processes using SBA series biosensor analyzers in China. Future trends of the biosensor analyzer in China were also mentioned in the last section.展开更多
Fermentation technology of Candida BH002, a 10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid producing microorganism, was primarilystudied in this paper. Results showed that the optimum medium for the batch-fed fermentation was: sucrose 4%...Fermentation technology of Candida BH002, a 10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid producing microorganism, was primarilystudied in this paper. Results showed that the optimum medium for the batch-fed fermentation was: sucrose 4%, ammoniumsulfate 0.3%, peptone 0.1%, beef extract 0.1%, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate 0.2%, royal jelly 0.5%, magnesium sulfate0.05%, ferrous sulfate 0.001% and CoCl2 0.001% and pH 7.0. The optimum initial pH value, dissoluble oxygen and reducingsugar concentration were 7.0, 25ml/250ml and 7.0% respectively. Meanwhile, the effects of carbon source and metal ions onthe 10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid biosynthesis were also studied primarily.展开更多
The importance of microbial enzymes in pulp and paper manufacturing has grown significantly in the last two decades. Solid substrate fermentation (SSF) holds tremendous potential for the production of microbial enzyme...The importance of microbial enzymes in pulp and paper manufacturing has grown significantly in the last two decades. Solid substrate fermentation (SSF) holds tremendous potential for the production of microbial enzymes of commercial interest. SSF can be of special interest in those processes where the crude fermented product (whole SSF culture, in situ enzyme) may be used directly as the enzyme source. Xylanase preparations practically free of cellulase activity are especially useful for biobleaching of crude cellulose pulps. Thirty-nine Trichoderma isolates have been screened in SSF for xylanase production on hardwood oxygen-delignified soda-aq pulp as carbon source and enzyme inducer. Xylanase activities varied between 0 and 2200 IU/g dry matter (DM) of initial substrate. In most instances, the simultaneously produced cellulase levels were below 1.0 Filter Paper Unit (FPU) /g DM. The xylanase to cellulase activity ratio varied in the range of 5 to 3500. The three most promising isolates (TUB F-1647, TUB F-1658 and TUB F-1684) yielded xylanase activity of 2040, 1300 and 1500 IU/g DM xylanase, respectively, and 0.64, 0.43 and 0.43 FPU/g DM cellulase with a xylanase to cellulase activity ratio of 3200, 3000 and 3500, respectively. Wild strains F-1647, F-1658 and F-1684 were isolated from tree bark of Maldives, soils of Peru (last two), respectively. Medium optimization experiments to enhance the xylanase yield and to increase the xylanase to cellulase ratio have also been performed.展开更多
Thirty Trichoderma strains representing 15 species within the genus have been screened for extracellular production of chitinolytic enzymes in solid substrate fermentation (SSF). T.longibrachiatum IMI 92027 (=ATCC 368...Thirty Trichoderma strains representing 15 species within the genus have been screened for extracellular production of chitinolytic enzymes in solid substrate fermentation (SSF). T.longibrachiatum IMI 92027 (=ATCC 36838) gave the highest yield (5.0 IU/g dry matter of substrate) after 3 days of fermentation on wheat bran-crude chitin (9:1 mixture) medium. The optimum moisture content (66.7%), chitin content (20%), initial pH of the medium (2-5) and time course (5 d) of SSF were determined for strain IMI 92027. No significant effect of different N and P additives was found on the chitinase yield in wheat bran-chitin mixture medium. Cellulase, xylanase, alpha-amylase and beta-xylosidase activities were also detected. The pH and temperature optima of chitinase complex of T.longibrachiatum IMI 92027 was found to be at 4.5 and 55 ℃, respectively. The enzyme totally lost its activity at 70 ℃ in 5 min in the absence of the substrate but retained about 15% of its initial activity even at 70 ℃ after incubation of 60 min in the presence of SSF solids (residual substrate and fungal mycelium). Purification of protein extract from the SSF material revealed high chitinolytic activities between pI 5.9.-4.8 where N-acetyl-β-D-hexosaminidase and chitinase peaks have been found in the same pI range. Chitinase peaks could be described at least at four pI values: pI 5.9; 5.6; 5.3 and 4.8 while at least four main N-acetyl-β-D-hexosaminidase peaks could be separated at pI 6.0 and 5.1 and at more basic isoelectric points of 7.2 and 8.0. Two chitinases with 43.5 kDa and 30 kDa were purified at acidic isoelectric point.展开更多
文摘To investigate the in vitro digestion and fermentation properties of soybean oligosaccharides(SBOS)extracted from defatted soybean meal,the changes in monosaccharide composition and molecular mass were analyzed.Subsequently,the effect of SBOS on microbial community structure and metabolites was studied by 16S rRNA gene sequencing and untargeted metabolomics based on liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.Results showed that SBOS was not easily enzymolyzed during simulated digestion and could reach the large intestine through the digestive system.The significant decrease in the molecular mass of SBOS after in vitro fermentation indicated its utilization by the gut microbiota,which increased the contents of short-chain fatty acids and lactic acid,thereby reducing the pH of the fermentation broth.Moreover,the core community was found to consist of Blautia,Lactobacillaceae,and Pediococcus.SBOS up-regulated beneficial differential metabolites such as myo-inositol,lactose,and glucose,which were closely related to galactose,amino sugar,and nucleotide sugar metabolism.This study will provide a reference for exploring the relationship between the gut microbiota and the metabolites of SBOS,and provide a basis for the development and application of SBOS as an ingredient for functional products.
基金Supported by Science and Technology Foundation (GB08B401-02)Science and Technology for Youth in Heilongjiang Province (QC07C35)
文摘Soybean meal （SBM） is commonly used for livestock feeds, but its application in diets for livestock is limited due to some antinutritional factors. The contents of methionine and lysine of soybean meal were promoted by Bacillus natto and Leuconostoc mesenteroides fermentation, benefial for the livestock feeds. It was crude protein （CP） 56.8%, methionine 43.56 mg · g^-1, and lysine 74.87 mg · g^-1, cows fed a diet with FSBM milk yield raised 14.2%, the change in the milk protein, the lactose and the dry matter content had also obvious increase. This convenient technique offers helpful exploration for industrialization of soybean meal fermentation.
基金Supported by the Scientific Research Fund of Heilongjiang Provincial Science and Technology Department of Foreign Cooperation Research Project(WB13B101)
文摘The feed additive was composed of six Chinese Herbal（CH）（including Poria, Astragalus, Cork, Orange peel, Hawthorn and Radix）, which were fermented by Lactobacillus and used as a feed additive for piglets basal diet. Similar to group of antibiotic and herbal medicine, fermented herbal medicine was additived to basic diet in four trials with eight replications per trial, determining effect on the growth performance, biochemical and immunological indicators. Compared with the control group, the group of fermented herbal compound had higher Average Daily Gain（ADG）, higher content of immune globulin M（IgM） and immune globulin A（Ig A）（p〈0.05）. There was no significant effect on the indicators of ADG, Average Daily Feed Intake（ADFI） and diarrhea rate（p〉0.05） between groups of antibiotic and fermented herbal were observed; however, the concentrations of Total Protein（TP）, Growth Hormone（GH）, IgG, IgM and IgA significantly increased（p〈0.05） compared with the control group.
基金the China Agricultural Research System for providing facility and funds for experiment
文摘This study was conducted to investigate the effect of Soybean Peptides(SPs) on ruminal fermentation and microbial diversity in vitro. Four levels of SPs supplements(0, 0.25%, 0.50% and 0.75% dry matter basis) were tested. p H, NH3-N, Neutral Detergent Fiber(NDF), Acid Detergent Fiber(ADF), Dry Matter Digestibility(DMD) and the Total Volatile Fatty Acid(TVFA) were measured at 6, 24, 48 h of in vitro mixed incubation the fluids. Microbial populations were determined at 24 h and Microbial Proteins(MCP) were determined at 24 and 48 h. The gas production after 48 h in vitro incubation presented linear growth(p<0.05) and the highest content was the level of 0.5% SPs(dry matter basis). NH3-N concentration reached the highest concentration with 0.75%(dry matter basis) at 48 h. p H linearly increased(linear, p<0.05) from 6 to 48 h. The digestion of DMD increased with increasing doses of SPs at 24 h. NDF and ADF linearly(p<0.01) decreased by adding SPs. The concentration of TVFA linearly increased(p<0.05) at 6, 24 and 48 h, and reached the highest concentration at the level of 0.75%(dry matter basis). SPs decreased(p<0.05) the molar proportion of acetate and propionate, respectively at 24 and 48 h. Acetat to Propionate ratio(A/P; linear, p<0.05) increased at 48 h, and reached the greatest value at the level of 0.75%(dry matter basis) at 48 h. The populations of rumen Ruminococcus flavefaciens(R. flavefaciens), Ruminococcusalbus(R. albus), Fibrobacter succinogenes(F. succinogenes), Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens(B. fibrisolvens), Streptococcus bovis(S.bovis), Ruminobacter amylophilus(R. amylophilus) and Succinimonas amylolytica(S. amylolytica) were analyzed based on the total rumen bacterial 16 S ribosomal deoxyribonucleic acid(r DNA). The relative abundance of R. flavefaciens and R. albus increased at 24 h, but the relative abundance of F. succinogenes decreased at this time. The incubation of SPs had no effect on the abundance of S. bovis and R. amylophilus. The relative abundance of B. fibrisolvens and S. amylolytica reached the greatest value(p<0.05) at middle doses of SPs inclusion at 24 h. The value of MCPs linearly increased(p<0.05) at 24 and 48 h. These results showed that SPs could improve in vitro fermentation and nutrient digestion of feed substrates, and had the ability to modulate the ruminal fermentation pattern by regulating the composition of functional rumen microbes. Hence, SPs might be a potential feed additive applied in the diets of ruminants.
基金Projects(50621063, 50674101) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘In order to solve the citrus peel resource waste problem protopectinase-overproducing strain CD-01 for pectin production and minimize the drawbacks of chemical extraction of pectin, a was isolated from a pit soil dumped with perished orange in Changde City, Hunan Province of China. The strain CD-01 had the same morphology and 28S rRNA gene sequence （FJ184995） as that of Aspergillus niger （ATCC 64028）. It was thus identified and named as Aspergillus niger CD-01. The fermentation condition was optimized based on L9（34） orthogonal experimental design and the variances analyses. The results show that the optimal condition for producing pectin is as follows： time 36 h, temperature 35 ℃, pH 5, and urea as the nitrogen source. Under this condition, the pectin yield can reach up to 24.5%. This shows a great potential of Aspergillus niger CD-01 in pectin extraction from citrus.
基金Supported by the "12th Five-year Plan" National Science and Technology(2011BAD34B01)
文摘The immune regulatory and antioxidant roles of Ganoderma lucidum were investigated using cyclophosphamide(CTX)-induced immunosuppressed mice. Mice were randomly divided into groups: untreated(groupⅠ), immunosuppressed(groupⅡ), unfermented G. lucidum polysaccharide(groupⅢ) and fermented G. lucidum polysaccharide(group Ⅳ). After seven consecutive days of treatments, the serum concentration of IL-4, IFN-gamma, IgG, IgA and IgM and the liver activity of GSH-Px, SOD, CAT and MDA enzymes were analyzed. The contents of IL-4, IFN-γ in serum and GSH-Px, SOD and CAT in liver tissues were significantly reduced in groupⅡ compared with those in group I, indicating successful CTX-induced immunosuppression. Interestingly, the results showed that the above immune and antioxidant indicators were significantly improved after G. lucidum polysaccharide treatment, regardless of fermentation. However, fermentation caused changes in polysaccharide structure, which might have a significant impact on immune regulation and antioxidant functions in immunosuppressed mice.
基金Project(17A192)supported by the Education Department of Hunan Province,China
文摘The present work focuses on the influence of various parameters, i.e., the dosage of cellulase, the inoculum concentration of yeast, the fermentation temperature and the fermentation time, on the alcohol content and sensory evaluation of the low-alcoholic health drink produced from corncob in a yeast-cellulase synchronous fermentation process. The fermentation was performed by inoculating the seed solution (containing corncob powder and yeast) and cellulase into the synchronous saccharification fermentation medium. Single-factor experiments and orthogonal experiments were performed, and the optimal processing conditions were obtained based on the characterizations of alcohol content and sensory evaluation. The results show that the alcohol content and sensory evaluation of the drink can reach 6.1 vol.% and 92, respectively, when the dosage of cellulase, inoculum concentration of yeast, the fermentation temperature and the fermentation time are 15 U/g, 7%, 32℃ and 84 h, respectively.
基金Supported by"863"Project of Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2013AA102504-03)
文摘Methionine （Met） and lysine （Lys） have been reported as the first two limiting amino acids （AA） for maximum milk yield and milk protein production. Supplying these AA may improve microbial protein synthesis and therefore improve milk production without adding excess N to the environment. This observation utilized fermented soybean meal （SBM）, cottonseed meal （CSM）, rapeseed meal （RSM） and corn by Bacillus subtilis 168 and Leuconostoc mesenteroides as core feedstuffs to produce special biological protein feed for dairy cow. The results showed that the milk production, milk protein percentage, milk fat percentage and milk DM percentage of test groups in trial period were significantly more than those of the control group （P〈0.01）, the results showed that adding fermenting protein feed in dairy cow diets could significantly improve milk yield, milk protein and milk fat content. The economic benefits of actual application were analyzed, the group of 0.5% was the best compared with the other groups.
文摘This paper mainly dealt with the dissolved oxygen in production of D-ribose by fermentation. The oxygen transfer coefficients of common flask, buffed flask and jar fermentor were determined.
基金Supported by the Talent Introduction Project of Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology(513036)the Innovation Project of the High Education Institutions of Guangdong Province(650465)。
文摘The aim was to examine the biotransformation of chemical compounds during the fermentation of litchi wine.S.bccyanus BV818 was inoculated to litchi juice(Heiye)to initiate the fermentation.Acetic acid decreased dramatically,succinic acid and DL-malic acid increased sharply.Saturated free fatty acid increased,especially the concentration of the free fatty acid with long carbon chain(more than 10 carbons)increased significantly.The unique flavor compounds of fresh litchi including linalool,α-terpineol,β-citronellol and other terpenoids remained in the litchi wine were transformed to other aroma constituents,by which the primary litchi flavor was retained.The wine had a fruity flavor and delicate bouquet and had harmonious sourness and sweetness.The litchi'Heiye'was suitable for being fermented into litchi wine.
基金From National Ninth Five Years Project (NO. 96-03-03-03A).
文摘Kinetics of glycerol production by fermentation with osmotolerant yeast Candida krusei was studied. Suppositions of cell negative effect on and glucose inhibition in specific growth rate and glycerol assumption for energy maintenance were made. Based on the suppositions, a set of unstructured kinetic models including cell groWth, glucose consumption and glycerol accumulation rate was proposed. To avoid the significant decrease of produced glyccerol in the latter fermentation stage, the fermentation was suggested to be ended when the concentration ratio of glycerol to glucose is close to 7.
基金From National Ninth Five Years Project (NO. 96-03-03-03A).
文摘Optimal glucose feed strategy for glycerol fed-batch fermentation was investigated by Pontryagin’s maximum principle to maximize the final glycerol yield. The problem was solved by a nonsingular control approach by selecting the culture volume as the control variable, then the general optimal feed profile was numerically determined.
基金Program of Harbin Tackle Key Problem(2004AA6BNO20)
文摘Culture condition of every phase for fermentation of yeast culture was studied, and its solid and liquid conditions of elaboration were optimized to improve the total counts of living cells. Results showed that microzyme grew best at 30℃ when solid fermented, and the count of the living cells reached the tiptop with pH 5.5. The count of Candida tropicalis could reach 137.96× 10^9 cfu·g^-1, the count of Saccharomyces cerevisia could reach 134.62× 10^9 cfu·g^-1 the best liquid fermentation condition for cell-wall broken was 50℃ for 28 h, the rate of cell-wall broken could reach 80% at least; the rate of vitamin loss in yeast could be the minimun, the loss rate of vitamin B6 in Candida tropicalis and Saccharomyces cerevisiae was 8.71% and 19.54% respectively, the loss rate of vitamin B2 was 19.39% and 13.18%, respectively, and the loss rate of vitamin B6 was 6.3% and 3.04%, respectively.
基金Supported by National Programs for Dairy Cattle Cow(2002BA518A02-05)
文摘Two parts were involved in this experiment. In experiment 1, 32 Chinese Holstein cows with relatively similar body condition, lactation number and days in milk were selected. The cows were assigned in a randomized complete block design trial to determine the effect of supplemental Bacillus cultures to diet on production performance in dairy cattle. Four treatments, i.e., Bacillus licheniformis （strain number 1.813） group, Bacillus subtilis （strain number 1.1086） group, Bacillus cereus var. mycoides （strain number 1.260） group and control group. Each treatment had eight replicates, each replicate had one cow, 50 g per head per day. Results showed that Bacillus licheniformis group increased the milk yield （P〈0.05）. The other two groups didn＇t have significant effect on milk yield than the control group （P〉0.05）. In experiment 2, 3 Chinese Holstein cows with permanent fistulas were used. 3×3 Latin squares were assigned to three diets： Bacillus lincheniformis culture, Bacillus subtilis culture and control. Bacillus licheniformis culture increased total rumen microorganism （P〈0.05）, decreased the ammonia N concentration at 2, 4 h （P〈0.05）. Bacillus licheniformis culture increased the total volatile fatty （P〉0.05）, increased the rate of acetic acid to propionic acid （P〉0.05）. Bacillus licheniformis culture decreased the methane production （P〈0.05）.
基金Supported by National Natural Sciences Foundation(20040224001)
文摘This article, based on investigation and analysis, existed anaerobic fermentation equipment, with a view to the production of high-latitude area, pointed out the thought of exploiting efficient anaerobic fermentation equipment, including： the settting independent equipment of acidogenic phase and methanogenic phase; the applying conbination of AF and UASB in methanogenic phase; adopting efficient sludge inverse flowing equipment and the technique of flora enrichment, and efficient method of saving energy and thermal retardation; adopting autocontrol which could make the equipment run efficiently and stably.
基金Supported by the Postdoctoral Innovation Fund of Shandong Province(201303032)the Independent Innovation Projects of Shandong Province(2012CX20505)the National 863 High Technology Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2012AA021201)
文摘Biosensors, which are the products of the biotechnology industry, are among the key projects of the 7th, 8th, and 9th Fiveyear Plans of China Science ＆ Technology Developing Programs, respectively, and they play an important role in developing and reforming traditional biotechnology. SBA series biosensor analyzer, as the only one commercial biosensor in China, has attracted lots of attention in the process of information gathering and measurement for biological industry with the development of technology and society. In this paper, we presented an overview of the most important contributions dealing with the monitoring of the biochemical analytes in fermentation processes using SBA series biosensor analyzers in China. Future trends of the biosensor analyzer in China were also mentioned in the last section.
文摘Fermentation technology of Candida BH002, a 10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid producing microorganism, was primarilystudied in this paper. Results showed that the optimum medium for the batch-fed fermentation was: sucrose 4%, ammoniumsulfate 0.3%, peptone 0.1%, beef extract 0.1%, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate 0.2%, royal jelly 0.5%, magnesium sulfate0.05%, ferrous sulfate 0.001% and CoCl2 0.001% and pH 7.0. The optimum initial pH value, dissoluble oxygen and reducingsugar concentration were 7.0, 25ml/250ml and 7.0% respectively. Meanwhile, the effects of carbon source and metal ions onthe 10-hydroxy-2-decenoic acid biosynthesis were also studied primarily.
文摘The importance of microbial enzymes in pulp and paper manufacturing has grown significantly in the last two decades. Solid substrate fermentation (SSF) holds tremendous potential for the production of microbial enzymes of commercial interest. SSF can be of special interest in those processes where the crude fermented product (whole SSF culture, in situ enzyme) may be used directly as the enzyme source. Xylanase preparations practically free of cellulase activity are especially useful for biobleaching of crude cellulose pulps. Thirty-nine Trichoderma isolates have been screened in SSF for xylanase production on hardwood oxygen-delignified soda-aq pulp as carbon source and enzyme inducer. Xylanase activities varied between 0 and 2200 IU/g dry matter (DM) of initial substrate. In most instances, the simultaneously produced cellulase levels were below 1.0 Filter Paper Unit (FPU) /g DM. The xylanase to cellulase activity ratio varied in the range of 5 to 3500. The three most promising isolates (TUB F-1647, TUB F-1658 and TUB F-1684) yielded xylanase activity of 2040, 1300 and 1500 IU/g DM xylanase, respectively, and 0.64, 0.43 and 0.43 FPU/g DM cellulase with a xylanase to cellulase activity ratio of 3200, 3000 and 3500, respectively. Wild strains F-1647, F-1658 and F-1684 were isolated from tree bark of Maldives, soils of Peru (last two), respectively. Medium optimization experiments to enhance the xylanase yield and to increase the xylanase to cellulase ratio have also been performed.
文摘Thirty Trichoderma strains representing 15 species within the genus have been screened for extracellular production of chitinolytic enzymes in solid substrate fermentation (SSF). T.longibrachiatum IMI 92027 (=ATCC 36838) gave the highest yield (5.0 IU/g dry matter of substrate) after 3 days of fermentation on wheat bran-crude chitin (9:1 mixture) medium. The optimum moisture content (66.7%), chitin content (20%), initial pH of the medium (2-5) and time course (5 d) of SSF were determined for strain IMI 92027. No significant effect of different N and P additives was found on the chitinase yield in wheat bran-chitin mixture medium. Cellulase, xylanase, alpha-amylase and beta-xylosidase activities were also detected. The pH and temperature optima of chitinase complex of T.longibrachiatum IMI 92027 was found to be at 4.5 and 55 ℃, respectively. The enzyme totally lost its activity at 70 ℃ in 5 min in the absence of the substrate but retained about 15% of its initial activity even at 70 ℃ after incubation of 60 min in the presence of SSF solids (residual substrate and fungal mycelium). Purification of protein extract from the SSF material revealed high chitinolytic activities between pI 5.9.-4.8 where N-acetyl-β-D-hexosaminidase and chitinase peaks have been found in the same pI range. Chitinase peaks could be described at least at four pI values: pI 5.9; 5.6; 5.3 and 4.8 while at least four main N-acetyl-β-D-hexosaminidase peaks could be separated at pI 6.0 and 5.1 and at more basic isoelectric points of 7.2 and 8.0. Two chitinases with 43.5 kDa and 30 kDa were purified at acidic isoelectric point.
