Aiming at the characteristics of multi-stage and(extremely)small samples of the identification problem of key effectiveness indexes of weapon equipment system-of-systems(WESoS),a Bayesian intelligent identification an...Aiming at the characteristics of multi-stage and(extremely)small samples of the identification problem of key effectiveness indexes of weapon equipment system-of-systems(WESoS),a Bayesian intelligent identification and inference model for system effectiveness assessment indexes based on dynamic grey incidence is proposed.The method uses multi-layer Bayesian techniques,makes full use of historical statistics and empirical information,and determines the Bayesian estima-tion of the incidence degree of indexes,which effectively solves the difficulties of small sample size of effectiveness indexes and difficulty in obtaining incidence rules between indexes.Sec-ondly,The method quantifies the incidence relationship between evaluation indexes and combat effectiveness based on Bayesian posterior grey incidence,and then identifies key system effec-tiveness evaluation indexes.Finally,the proposed method is applied to a case of screening key effectiveness indexes of a missile defensive system,and the analysis results show that the proposed method can fuse multi-moment information and extract multi-stage key indexes,and has good data extraction capability in the case of small samples.展开更多
As the“engine”of equipment continuous operation and repeated operation, equipment maintenance support plays a more prominent role in the confrontation of symmetrical combat systems. As the basis and guide for the pl...As the“engine”of equipment continuous operation and repeated operation, equipment maintenance support plays a more prominent role in the confrontation of symmetrical combat systems. As the basis and guide for the planning and implementation of equipment maintenance tasks, the equipment damage measurement is an important guarantee for the effective implementation of maintenance support. Firstly,this article comprehensively analyses the influence factors to damage measurement from the enemy’s attributes, our attributes and the battlefield environment starting from the basic problem of wartime equipment damage measurement. Secondly, this article determines the key factors based on fuzzy comprehensive evaluation(FCE) and performed principal component analysis (PCA) on the key factors. Finally, the principal components representing more than 85%of the data features are taken as the input and the equipment damage quantity is taken as the output. The data are trained and tested by artificial neural network (ANN) and random forest (RF). In a word, FCE-PCA-RF can be used as a reference for the research of equipment damage estimation in wartime.展开更多
Equipment selection is an essential work in the research and development planning of equipment.The scientific and rational development of weapons equipment portfolios is of considerable significance to the optimizatio...Equipment selection is an essential work in the research and development planning of equipment.The scientific and rational development of weapons equipment portfolios is of considerable significance to the optimization of equipment architecture design,the adequate resources allocation,and the joint combat performance.From the system view,this paper proposes a method of weapons equipment portfolios selection(WEPS)based on the contribution rate of weapon systems,providing a new idea for weapon equipment portfolio selection.Firstly,we analyze the WEPS problem and the concept of the contribution rate under the systems background.Secondly,we propose a combat network modeling method for weapon equipment systems based on the function chain.Thirdly,we propose a WEPS method based on the contribution rate,fully considering the correlation relationships between potential weapons and the old weapon systems by the combat network model,under the limitation of capability demands and budget resources,with the objective to maximally increasing the combat ability of weapon systems.Finally,we make a case study with a specific WEPS problem where the whole calculation processes and results are analyzed and exhibited to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method model.展开更多
Resource allocation for an equipment development task is a complex process owing to the inherent characteristics,such as large amounts of input resources,numerous sub-tasks,complex network structures,and high degrees ...Resource allocation for an equipment development task is a complex process owing to the inherent characteristics,such as large amounts of input resources,numerous sub-tasks,complex network structures,and high degrees of uncertainty.This paper presents an investigation into the influence of resource allocation on the duration and cost of sub-tasks.Mathematical models are constructed for the relationships of the resource allocation quantity with the duration and cost of the sub-tasks.By considering the uncertainties,such as fluctuations in the sub-task duration and cost,rework iterations,and random overlaps,the tasks are simulated for various resource allocation schemes.The shortest duration and the minimum cost of the development task are first formulated as the objective function.Based on a multi-objective particle swarm optimization(MOPSO)algorithm,a multi-objective evolutionary algorithm is constructed to optimize the resource allocation scheme for the development task.Finally,an uninhabited aerial vehicle(UAV)is considered as an example of a development task to test the algorithm,and the optimization results of this method are compared with those based on non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II(NSGA-II),non-dominated sorting differential evolution(NSDE)and strength pareto evolutionary algorithm-II(SPEA-II).The proposed method is verified for its scientific approach and effectiveness.The case study shows that the optimization of the resource allocation can greatly aid in shortening the duration of the development task and reducing its cost effectively.展开更多
In order to investigate the self-priming process of the self-priming pump,an unsteady simulation was conducted where the Navier-Stokes equations were used with the Lagrangian-Eularian mo-del.In course of this investig...In order to investigate the self-priming process of the self-priming pump,an unsteady simulation was conducted where the Navier-Stokes equations were used with the Lagrangian-Eularian mo-del.In course of this investigation,the volume fractions,pressure distribution and self-priming time were carried out.By analyzing the volume,velocity and pressure distribution of the gas-liquid two-phase flow at different time,the two-phase content via the variation law of the two-phase flow in the pump was carried out.By monitoring and analyzing the gas-liquid flow at the outlet of the pump,the self-priming time and crucial periods were given.Two phenomena were mainly characterized by the self-priming process such as the gas-liquid mixing and separation,which occur in the early stage of self-priming process.During that period the gas-liquid mixing clouds appear on the outer edge of the impeller,and the instantaneous void fraction at the inlet and outlet of the impeller decreases obviously.It was also established from the transient study that the gas has a major influence on the hydraulic performance of the pump at the early stage of operation.To increase the usage of self-priming pump and to also understand the energy conversion of the pump,it is very essential to investigate and establish the basic working principle of the self-priming pump.展开更多
With the development of ordnance technology,the survival and safety of individual combatants in hightech warfare are under serious threat,and the Personal Protective Equipment(PPE),as an important guarantee to reduce ...With the development of ordnance technology,the survival and safety of individual combatants in hightech warfare are under serious threat,and the Personal Protective Equipment(PPE),as an important guarantee to reduce casualties and maintain military combat effectiveness,is widely developed.This paper systematically reviewed various PPE based on individual combat through literature research and comprehensive discussion,and introduced in detail the latest application progress of PPE in terms of material and technology from three aspects:individual integrated protection system,traditional protection equipment,and intelligent protection equipment,respectively,and discussed in depth the functional improvement and optimization status brought by advanced technology for PPE,focusing on the achievements of individual equipment technology application.Finally,the problems and technical bottlenecks in the development of PPE were analyzed and summarized,and the development trend of PPE were pointed out.The results of the review will provide a forward-looking reference for the current development of individual PPE,and are important guidance for the design and technological innovation of advanced equipment based on the future technological battlefield.展开更多
In order to research the effects of built-in test(BIT) on the system and select BITand test strategy,the complex repairable systems with BITequipment are modeled and simulated by using Simulink.Based on the model,the ...In order to research the effects of built-in test(BIT) on the system and select BITand test strategy,the complex repairable systems with BITequipment are modeled and simulated by using Simulink.Based on the model,the influences of different built-in test equipments,maintenance time and error probabilities on the system usability are evaluated.The simulation results showthat they effect on the system differently.The simulation method of complex system based on Simulink provides a technique approach to research the effects of BITon the system and select BITand test strategy.展开更多
Decomposition of tasks and selection of optimal schemes are key procedures in high-end equipment development processes.However,such procedures are highly innovative,technology intensive,interdisciplinary,and multi-par...Decomposition of tasks and selection of optimal schemes are key procedures in high-end equipment development processes.However,such procedures are highly innovative,technology intensive,interdisciplinary,and multi-party engineering projects,making the decomposition and scheme selection more difficult and complicated than that in the development of ordinary equipment.In this study,we consider three factors,namely,functional structure,task granularity,and task feasibility in task decomposition of high-end equipment development.Based on the principles of systems engineering,a method of task decomposition is proposed.As for decomposition scheme selection,a method based on the superiority and inferiority ranking(SIR)method mixed information and multiple attribute decision making is proposed by considering attributes of scheme feasibility,uncertainty risk and task integration complexity.To verify the proposed method,development of a military electric vehicle is used as an example to demonstrate the calculation process.展开更多
This paper puts forward a new framework of multi-agent based equipment bidding system on the Web (MAEBSW). The purpose of the paper is to make the process of enterprise equipment bidding, especially the decision proce...This paper puts forward a new framework of multi-agent based equipment bidding system on the Web (MAEBSW). The purpose of the paper is to make the process of enterprise equipment bidding, especially the decision process of enterprise equipment bidding, more intelligent. The system discussed in this paper is an efficient method for the enterprises doing business electronically. We also present our opinion of the approaches to defining agents. We emphasize the importance of agent being able to provide explanation about its behavior for the user or other agents. Based on this opinion we design a new common architecture of most agents in MAEBSW.展开更多
Testing is the premise and foundation of realizing equipment health management （EHM）. To address the problem that the static periodic test strategy may cause deficient test or excessive test, a dynamic sequential te...Testing is the premise and foundation of realizing equipment health management （EHM）. To address the problem that the static periodic test strategy may cause deficient test or excessive test, a dynamic sequential test strategy （DSTS） for EHM is presented. Considering the situation that equipment health state is not completely observable in reality, a DSTS optimization method based on partially observable semi-Markov decision pro- cess （POSMDP） is proposed. Firstly, an equipment health state degradation model is constructed by Markov process, and the control limit maintenance policy is also introduced. Secondly, POSMDP is formulated in great detail. And then, POSMDP is converted to completely observable belief semi-Markov decision process （BSMDP） through belief state. The optimal equation and the corresponding optimal DSTS, which minimize the long-run ex- pected average cost per unit time, are obtained with BSMDP. The results of application in complex equipment show that the proposed DSTS is feasible and effective.展开更多
The purpose of this study is to develop an integrated framework for capacity analysis to address the influence of systematic hazardous factors on the haulage fleet nominal capacity.The proposed model was made to captu...The purpose of this study is to develop an integrated framework for capacity analysis to address the influence of systematic hazardous factors on the haulage fleet nominal capacity.The proposed model was made to capture unexpected risks for mining equipment based upon data-driven method considering different scenarios.Probabilistic risk assessment(PRA)was employed to quantify the loss of production capacity by focusing on severity of failure incidents and maintainability measurements.Discrete-event simulation was configured to characterize the nominal capacity for mining operation.Accordingly,the system capacity was analyzed through the comparison of nominal and actual capacity.A case study was completed to validate the research methodology.The past operation and maintenance field data were collected for shovel operation.The discrete-event simulation was developed to estimate the rate of shovel nominal capacity.Then,the effects of undesirable scenarios were assessed by developing the PRA approach.The research results provide significant insights into how to enhance the production capacity in mines.The analyst gets a well judgment for the crucial elements dealing with high risk levels.A holistic maintenance plan can be developed to mitigate and control the losses.展开更多
The contribution rate of equipment system-of-systems architecture(ESoSA)is an important index to evaluate the equipment update,development,and architecture optimization.Since the traditional ESoSA contribution rate ev...The contribution rate of equipment system-of-systems architecture(ESoSA)is an important index to evaluate the equipment update,development,and architecture optimization.Since the traditional ESoSA contribution rate evaluation method does not make full use of the fuzzy information and uncertain information in the equipment system-of-systems(ESoS),and the Bayesian network is an effective tool to solve the uncertain information,a new ESoSA contribution rate evaluation method based on the fuzzy Bayesian network(FBN)is proposed.Firstly,based on the operation loop theory,an ESoSA is constructed considering three aspects:reconnaissance equipment,decision equipment,and strike equipment.Next,the fuzzy set theory is introduced to construct the FBN of ESoSA to deal with fuzzy information and uncertain information.Furthermore,the fuzzy importance index of the root node of the FBN is used to calculate the contribution rate of the ESoSA,and the ESoSA contribution rate evaluation model based on the root node fuzzy importance is established.Finally,the feasibility and rationality of this method are validated via an empirical case study of aviation ESoSA.Compared with traditional methods,the evaluation method based on FBN takes various failure states of equipment into consideration,is free of acquiring accurate probability of traditional equipment failure,and models the uncertainty of the relationship between equipment.The proposed method not only supplements and improves the ESoSA contribution rate assessment method,but also broadens the application scope of the Bayesian network.展开更多
Strategic management of equipment system develop-ment must attach importance to effective strategic risk manage-ment.Aiming at the identification of strategic risk of equipment system development,firstly,the source of...Strategic management of equipment system develop-ment must attach importance to effective strategic risk manage-ment.Aiming at the identification of strategic risk of equipment system development,firstly,the source of strategic risk of equip-ment system development is analyzed and classified.Based on this,a causal loop diagram of strategic risk of equipment sys-tem development based on system dynamics is established.The system dynamics analysis software Vensim PLE is used to carry out the risk influencing factors analysis,risk consequences ana-lysis,risk feedback loop identification and corresponding pre-control measures,and achieves a good risk identification effect.展开更多
A new real-time underwater equipment location method adopting an electric field induced by a standard current source is proposed.Our goals were real-time tracking and location of stationary or moving underwater equipm...A new real-time underwater equipment location method adopting an electric field induced by a standard current source is proposed.Our goals were real-time tracking and location of stationary or moving underwater equipment both in shallow and deep seas,under noisy conditions.The main features of this method are as follows:(1)a standard current source on the water surface,which can be towed by a vehicle,consisting of two electrodes,a signal generator,and a GPS unit;(2)measurement of the extremely low frequency(ELF)electric field emitted by the current source,made possible by electric field sensors on the underwater equipment;(3)position of the underwater equipment is estimated in real time based on a progressive update extended Kalman filter(PUEKF),which is carried out using the propagation model of an ELF electric field because the electric field at the position of the underwater equipment and the current source position are known.We verified the accuracy of our method and confirmed real-time location feasibility through numerical,physical scale,and real-time sea experiments.Through numerical experiments,we verified that our method works for underwater equipment location in real-world conditions,and the location error can be less than 0.2 m.Next,real-time location experiments for stationary underwater measuring equipment in water tank were conducted.The result shows that the location error can be less than 0.1 m.We also confirmed real-time location feasibility through the use of offshore experiment.We expect that our method will complement conventional underwater acoustic location methods for underwater equipment in acoustically noisy environments.展开更多
Equipment development planning(EDP)is usually a long-term process often performed in an environment with high uncertainty.The traditional multi-stage dynamic programming cannot cope with this kind of uncertainty with ...Equipment development planning(EDP)is usually a long-term process often performed in an environment with high uncertainty.The traditional multi-stage dynamic programming cannot cope with this kind of uncertainty with unpredictable situations.To deal with this problem,a multi-stage EDP model based on a deep reinforcement learning(DRL)algorithm is proposed to respond quickly to any environmental changes within a reasonable range.Firstly,the basic problem of multi-stage EDP is described,and a mathematical planning model is constructed.Then,for two kinds of uncertainties(future capabi lity requirements and the amount of investment in each stage),a corresponding DRL framework is designed to define the environment,state,action,and reward function for multi-stage EDP.After that,the dueling deep Q-network(Dueling DQN)algorithm is used to solve the multi-stage EDP to generate an approximately optimal multi-stage equipment development scheme.Finally,a case of ten kinds of equipment in 100 possible environments,which are randomly generated,is used to test the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed models.The results show that the algorithm can respond instantaneously in any state of the multistage EDP environment and unlike traditional algorithms,the algorithm does not need to re-optimize the problem for any change in the environment.In addition,the algorithm can flexibly adjust at subsequent planning stages in the event of a change to the equipment capability requirements to adapt to the new requirements.展开更多
Failure, especially induced by cracks, usually occurred in the service process of chemical equipment, which could cause the medium leakage, fire hazard and explosion and induced the personnel casualty and economic los...Failure, especially induced by cracks, usually occurred in the service process of chemical equipment, which could cause the medium leakage, fire hazard and explosion and induced the personnel casualty and economic losses. To assure the long-term and safety service, it is necessary to apply the remanufacturing technology on the chemical equipment containing cracks. The recent research advances on the remanufacturing, the failure modes and the life extension technology for chemical equipment were reviewed. The engineering strategy of the remanufacturing for the chemical equipment was proposed, which could provide a reasonable and reliable technical route for the remanufacturing operation of chemical equipment. In the strategy, the redesign was also been considered.展开更多
Military petroleum equipment, as the special device a nd tool for petroleum storage, transportation, filling, chemical analysis, detec tion and maintenance for the army, is an important means and basis of petroleum in...Military petroleum equipment, as the special device a nd tool for petroleum storage, transportation, filling, chemical analysis, detec tion and maintenance for the army, is an important means and basis of petroleum indemnificatory. To adapt to modern war in high-tech conditions, the petroleum equipment have to develop towards higher reliability, adaptability, maneuverabil ity, standardization, container and cell type with versatile multi-functions. As a new design theory and design process, concurrent engineering may prod uce remarkable benefit when applying to product development. With the aid of the state-of-the-art modeling and simulation technology, it foresees the future or even the whole life cycle of the products designed. Based on wide statistics and survey, the product design period is reduced by 1/2～1/3 with concurrent des i gn process. The application of concurrent design process in new petroleum equi pment development shall greatly accelerate the petroleum equipment updating an d promote their indemnificatory.展开更多
As the increase of the complexity of the information warfare,its intervention strategy needs to be designed in an integrated environment.However,the current research always breaks the internal relation between equipme...As the increase of the complexity of the information warfare,its intervention strategy needs to be designed in an integrated environment.However,the current research always breaks the internal relation between equipment and tactics,and it is difficult to meet the requirements of their integrated analysis.In this paper,the research status quo of the integrated analysis about equipment and tactics is discussed first,some shortages of the current methods are summarized then,and an evolvement mechanism of the integrated analysis for equipment and tactics is given finally.Based on these,a framework of integrated analysis is proposed.This method's effectiveness is validated by an example.展开更多
This article, based on investigation and analysis, existed anaerobic fermentation equipment, with a view to the production of high-latitude area, pointed out the thought of exploiting efficient anaerobic fermentation ...This article, based on investigation and analysis, existed anaerobic fermentation equipment, with a view to the production of high-latitude area, pointed out the thought of exploiting efficient anaerobic fermentation equipment, including： the settting independent equipment of acidogenic phase and methanogenic phase; the applying conbination of AF and UASB in methanogenic phase; adopting efficient sludge inverse flowing equipment and the technique of flora enrichment, and efficient method of saving energy and thermal retardation; adopting autocontrol which could make the equipment run efficiently and stably.展开更多
This paper presents and analyses the internal and external efficiencies of equipment maintenance, and presents that the objective of maintenance is the maximum external efficiency. It defines generalized reliability d...This paper presents and analyses the internal and external efficiencies of equipment maintenance, and presents that the objective of maintenance is the maximum external efficiency. It defines generalized reliability degree of equipment and deduces the correspondent calculating method. It overcomes the defect that traditional calculating method of reliability degree has, which only considers the factor of time not function, therefore we establish a market decision model of equipment maintenance based on it. This model can determine the marginal efficiency of maintenance investment and critical value of generalized reliability degree when it reaches break-even point. After combining the equipment maintenance with economical benefit of enterprise and marketing situation of products, an optimal maintenance strategy will be got. It provides a new method for scientific and rational decisions of equipment maintenance.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(72271124,72071111).
文摘Aiming at the characteristics of multi-stage and(extremely)small samples of the identification problem of key effectiveness indexes of weapon equipment system-of-systems(WESoS),a Bayesian intelligent identification and inference model for system effectiveness assessment indexes based on dynamic grey incidence is proposed.The method uses multi-layer Bayesian techniques,makes full use of historical statistics and empirical information,and determines the Bayesian estima-tion of the incidence degree of indexes,which effectively solves the difficulties of small sample size of effectiveness indexes and difficulty in obtaining incidence rules between indexes.Sec-ondly,The method quantifies the incidence relationship between evaluation indexes and combat effectiveness based on Bayesian posterior grey incidence,and then identifies key system effec-tiveness evaluation indexes.Finally,the proposed method is applied to a case of screening key effectiveness indexes of a missile defensive system,and the analysis results show that the proposed method can fuse multi-moment information and extract multi-stage key indexes,and has good data extraction capability in the case of small samples.
文摘As the“engine”of equipment continuous operation and repeated operation, equipment maintenance support plays a more prominent role in the confrontation of symmetrical combat systems. As the basis and guide for the planning and implementation of equipment maintenance tasks, the equipment damage measurement is an important guarantee for the effective implementation of maintenance support. Firstly,this article comprehensively analyses the influence factors to damage measurement from the enemy’s attributes, our attributes and the battlefield environment starting from the basic problem of wartime equipment damage measurement. Secondly, this article determines the key factors based on fuzzy comprehensive evaluation(FCE) and performed principal component analysis (PCA) on the key factors. Finally, the principal components representing more than 85%of the data features are taken as the input and the equipment damage quantity is taken as the output. The data are trained and tested by artificial neural network (ANN) and random forest (RF). In a word, FCE-PCA-RF can be used as a reference for the research of equipment damage estimation in wartime.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(71690233)the Scientific Research Foundation of National University of Defense Technology(ZK19-16)the PLA military graduate student funding project.
文摘Equipment selection is an essential work in the research and development planning of equipment.The scientific and rational development of weapons equipment portfolios is of considerable significance to the optimization of equipment architecture design,the adequate resources allocation,and the joint combat performance.From the system view,this paper proposes a method of weapons equipment portfolios selection(WEPS)based on the contribution rate of weapon systems,providing a new idea for weapon equipment portfolio selection.Firstly,we analyze the WEPS problem and the concept of the contribution rate under the systems background.Secondly,we propose a combat network modeling method for weapon equipment systems based on the function chain.Thirdly,we propose a WEPS method based on the contribution rate,fully considering the correlation relationships between potential weapons and the old weapon systems by the combat network model,under the limitation of capability demands and budget resources,with the objective to maximally increasing the combat ability of weapon systems.Finally,we make a case study with a specific WEPS problem where the whole calculation processes and results are analyzed and exhibited to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method model.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(71690233)
文摘Resource allocation for an equipment development task is a complex process owing to the inherent characteristics,such as large amounts of input resources,numerous sub-tasks,complex network structures,and high degrees of uncertainty.This paper presents an investigation into the influence of resource allocation on the duration and cost of sub-tasks.Mathematical models are constructed for the relationships of the resource allocation quantity with the duration and cost of the sub-tasks.By considering the uncertainties,such as fluctuations in the sub-task duration and cost,rework iterations,and random overlaps,the tasks are simulated for various resource allocation schemes.The shortest duration and the minimum cost of the development task are first formulated as the objective function.Based on a multi-objective particle swarm optimization(MOPSO)algorithm,a multi-objective evolutionary algorithm is constructed to optimize the resource allocation scheme for the development task.Finally,an uninhabited aerial vehicle(UAV)is considered as an example of a development task to test the algorithm,and the optimization results of this method are compared with those based on non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm-II(NSGA-II),non-dominated sorting differential evolution(NSDE)and strength pareto evolutionary algorithm-II(SPEA-II).The proposed method is verified for its scientific approach and effectiveness.The case study shows that the optimization of the resource allocation can greatly aid in shortening the duration of the development task and reducing its cost effectively.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.51879120)。
文摘In order to investigate the self-priming process of the self-priming pump,an unsteady simulation was conducted where the Navier-Stokes equations were used with the Lagrangian-Eularian mo-del.In course of this investigation,the volume fractions,pressure distribution and self-priming time were carried out.By analyzing the volume,velocity and pressure distribution of the gas-liquid two-phase flow at different time,the two-phase content via the variation law of the two-phase flow in the pump was carried out.By monitoring and analyzing the gas-liquid flow at the outlet of the pump,the self-priming time and crucial periods were given.Two phenomena were mainly characterized by the self-priming process such as the gas-liquid mixing and separation,which occur in the early stage of self-priming process.During that period the gas-liquid mixing clouds appear on the outer edge of the impeller,and the instantaneous void fraction at the inlet and outlet of the impeller decreases obviously.It was also established from the transient study that the gas has a major influence on the hydraulic performance of the pump at the early stage of operation.To increase the usage of self-priming pump and to also understand the energy conversion of the pump,it is very essential to investigate and establish the basic working principle of the self-priming pump.
基金supported by the National Outstanding Youth Science Fund Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China(Projects No.52202012)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Projects No.51834007)。
文摘With the development of ordnance technology,the survival and safety of individual combatants in hightech warfare are under serious threat,and the Personal Protective Equipment(PPE),as an important guarantee to reduce casualties and maintain military combat effectiveness,is widely developed.This paper systematically reviewed various PPE based on individual combat through literature research and comprehensive discussion,and introduced in detail the latest application progress of PPE in terms of material and technology from three aspects:individual integrated protection system,traditional protection equipment,and intelligent protection equipment,respectively,and discussed in depth the functional improvement and optimization status brought by advanced technology for PPE,focusing on the achievements of individual equipment technology application.Finally,the problems and technical bottlenecks in the development of PPE were analyzed and summarized,and the development trend of PPE were pointed out.The results of the review will provide a forward-looking reference for the current development of individual PPE,and are important guidance for the design and technological innovation of advanced equipment based on the future technological battlefield.
文摘In order to research the effects of built-in test(BIT) on the system and select BITand test strategy,the complex repairable systems with BITequipment are modeled and simulated by using Simulink.Based on the model,the influences of different built-in test equipments,maintenance time and error probabilities on the system usability are evaluated.The simulation results showthat they effect on the system differently.The simulation method of complex system based on Simulink provides a technique approach to research the effects of BITon the system and select BITand test strategy.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(7169023371901214)the National Key R&D Program of China(2017YFC1405005)。
文摘Decomposition of tasks and selection of optimal schemes are key procedures in high-end equipment development processes.However,such procedures are highly innovative,technology intensive,interdisciplinary,and multi-party engineering projects,making the decomposition and scheme selection more difficult and complicated than that in the development of ordinary equipment.In this study,we consider three factors,namely,functional structure,task granularity,and task feasibility in task decomposition of high-end equipment development.Based on the principles of systems engineering,a method of task decomposition is proposed.As for decomposition scheme selection,a method based on the superiority and inferiority ranking(SIR)method mixed information and multiple attribute decision making is proposed by considering attributes of scheme feasibility,uncertainty risk and task integration complexity.To verify the proposed method,development of a military electric vehicle is used as an example to demonstrate the calculation process.
文摘This paper puts forward a new framework of multi-agent based equipment bidding system on the Web (MAEBSW). The purpose of the paper is to make the process of enterprise equipment bidding, especially the decision process of enterprise equipment bidding, more intelligent. The system discussed in this paper is an efficient method for the enterprises doing business electronically. We also present our opinion of the approaches to defining agents. We emphasize the importance of agent being able to provide explanation about its behavior for the user or other agents. Based on this opinion we design a new common architecture of most agents in MAEBSW.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51175502)
文摘Testing is the premise and foundation of realizing equipment health management （EHM）. To address the problem that the static periodic test strategy may cause deficient test or excessive test, a dynamic sequential test strategy （DSTS） for EHM is presented. Considering the situation that equipment health state is not completely observable in reality, a DSTS optimization method based on partially observable semi-Markov decision pro- cess （POSMDP） is proposed. Firstly, an equipment health state degradation model is constructed by Markov process, and the control limit maintenance policy is also introduced. Secondly, POSMDP is formulated in great detail. And then, POSMDP is converted to completely observable belief semi-Markov decision process （BSMDP） through belief state. The optimal equation and the corresponding optimal DSTS, which minimize the long-run ex- pected average cost per unit time, are obtained with BSMDP. The results of application in complex equipment show that the proposed DSTS is feasible and effective.
文摘The purpose of this study is to develop an integrated framework for capacity analysis to address the influence of systematic hazardous factors on the haulage fleet nominal capacity.The proposed model was made to capture unexpected risks for mining equipment based upon data-driven method considering different scenarios.Probabilistic risk assessment(PRA)was employed to quantify the loss of production capacity by focusing on severity of failure incidents and maintainability measurements.Discrete-event simulation was configured to characterize the nominal capacity for mining operation.Accordingly,the system capacity was analyzed through the comparison of nominal and actual capacity.A case study was completed to validate the research methodology.The past operation and maintenance field data were collected for shovel operation.The discrete-event simulation was developed to estimate the rate of shovel nominal capacity.Then,the effects of undesirable scenarios were assessed by developing the PRA approach.The research results provide significant insights into how to enhance the production capacity in mines.The analyst gets a well judgment for the crucial elements dealing with high risk levels.A holistic maintenance plan can be developed to mitigate and control the losses.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Project(2018YFB1700802)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(72071206)the Science and Technology Innovation Plan of Hunan Province(2020RC4046).
文摘The contribution rate of equipment system-of-systems architecture(ESoSA)is an important index to evaluate the equipment update,development,and architecture optimization.Since the traditional ESoSA contribution rate evaluation method does not make full use of the fuzzy information and uncertain information in the equipment system-of-systems(ESoS),and the Bayesian network is an effective tool to solve the uncertain information,a new ESoSA contribution rate evaluation method based on the fuzzy Bayesian network(FBN)is proposed.Firstly,based on the operation loop theory,an ESoSA is constructed considering three aspects:reconnaissance equipment,decision equipment,and strike equipment.Next,the fuzzy set theory is introduced to construct the FBN of ESoSA to deal with fuzzy information and uncertain information.Furthermore,the fuzzy importance index of the root node of the FBN is used to calculate the contribution rate of the ESoSA,and the ESoSA contribution rate evaluation model based on the root node fuzzy importance is established.Finally,the feasibility and rationality of this method are validated via an empirical case study of aviation ESoSA.Compared with traditional methods,the evaluation method based on FBN takes various failure states of equipment into consideration,is free of acquiring accurate probability of traditional equipment failure,and models the uncertainty of the relationship between equipment.The proposed method not only supplements and improves the ESoSA contribution rate assessment method,but also broadens the application scope of the Bayesian network.
文摘Strategic management of equipment system develop-ment must attach importance to effective strategic risk manage-ment.Aiming at the identification of strategic risk of equipment system development,firstly,the source of strategic risk of equip-ment system development is analyzed and classified.Based on this,a causal loop diagram of strategic risk of equipment sys-tem development based on system dynamics is established.The system dynamics analysis software Vensim PLE is used to carry out the risk influencing factors analysis,risk consequences ana-lysis,risk feedback loop identification and corresponding pre-control measures,and achieves a good risk identification effect.
基金supported by the Youth Foundation of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51509252)。
文摘A new real-time underwater equipment location method adopting an electric field induced by a standard current source is proposed.Our goals were real-time tracking and location of stationary or moving underwater equipment both in shallow and deep seas,under noisy conditions.The main features of this method are as follows:(1)a standard current source on the water surface,which can be towed by a vehicle,consisting of two electrodes,a signal generator,and a GPS unit;(2)measurement of the extremely low frequency(ELF)electric field emitted by the current source,made possible by electric field sensors on the underwater equipment;(3)position of the underwater equipment is estimated in real time based on a progressive update extended Kalman filter(PUEKF),which is carried out using the propagation model of an ELF electric field because the electric field at the position of the underwater equipment and the current source position are known.We verified the accuracy of our method and confirmed real-time location feasibility through numerical,physical scale,and real-time sea experiments.Through numerical experiments,we verified that our method works for underwater equipment location in real-world conditions,and the location error can be less than 0.2 m.Next,real-time location experiments for stationary underwater measuring equipment in water tank were conducted.The result shows that the location error can be less than 0.1 m.We also confirmed real-time location feasibility through the use of offshore experiment.We expect that our method will complement conventional underwater acoustic location methods for underwater equipment in acoustically noisy environments.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(71690233,72001209)the Scientific Research Foundation of the National University of Defense Technology(ZK19-16)。
文摘Equipment development planning(EDP)is usually a long-term process often performed in an environment with high uncertainty.The traditional multi-stage dynamic programming cannot cope with this kind of uncertainty with unpredictable situations.To deal with this problem,a multi-stage EDP model based on a deep reinforcement learning(DRL)algorithm is proposed to respond quickly to any environmental changes within a reasonable range.Firstly,the basic problem of multi-stage EDP is described,and a mathematical planning model is constructed.Then,for two kinds of uncertainties(future capabi lity requirements and the amount of investment in each stage),a corresponding DRL framework is designed to define the environment,state,action,and reward function for multi-stage EDP.After that,the dueling deep Q-network(Dueling DQN)algorithm is used to solve the multi-stage EDP to generate an approximately optimal multi-stage equipment development scheme.Finally,a case of ten kinds of equipment in 100 possible environments,which are randomly generated,is used to test the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed models.The results show that the algorithm can respond instantaneously in any state of the multistage EDP environment and unlike traditional algorithms,the algorithm does not need to re-optimize the problem for any change in the environment.In addition,the algorithm can flexibly adjust at subsequent planning stages in the event of a change to the equipment capability requirements to adapt to the new requirements.
文摘Failure, especially induced by cracks, usually occurred in the service process of chemical equipment, which could cause the medium leakage, fire hazard and explosion and induced the personnel casualty and economic losses. To assure the long-term and safety service, it is necessary to apply the remanufacturing technology on the chemical equipment containing cracks. The recent research advances on the remanufacturing, the failure modes and the life extension technology for chemical equipment were reviewed. The engineering strategy of the remanufacturing for the chemical equipment was proposed, which could provide a reasonable and reliable technical route for the remanufacturing operation of chemical equipment. In the strategy, the redesign was also been considered.
文摘Military petroleum equipment, as the special device a nd tool for petroleum storage, transportation, filling, chemical analysis, detec tion and maintenance for the army, is an important means and basis of petroleum indemnificatory. To adapt to modern war in high-tech conditions, the petroleum equipment have to develop towards higher reliability, adaptability, maneuverabil ity, standardization, container and cell type with versatile multi-functions. As a new design theory and design process, concurrent engineering may prod uce remarkable benefit when applying to product development. With the aid of the state-of-the-art modeling and simulation technology, it foresees the future or even the whole life cycle of the products designed. Based on wide statistics and survey, the product design period is reduced by 1/2～1/3 with concurrent des i gn process. The application of concurrent design process in new petroleum equi pment development shall greatly accelerate the petroleum equipment updating an d promote their indemnificatory.
基金Sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation(71101149,71071160,91024006)Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(11JJ4065)Ph.D.Programs Foundation of Ministry of Education of China(20104307120020)
文摘As the increase of the complexity of the information warfare,its intervention strategy needs to be designed in an integrated environment.However,the current research always breaks the internal relation between equipment and tactics,and it is difficult to meet the requirements of their integrated analysis.In this paper,the research status quo of the integrated analysis about equipment and tactics is discussed first,some shortages of the current methods are summarized then,and an evolvement mechanism of the integrated analysis for equipment and tactics is given finally.Based on these,a framework of integrated analysis is proposed.This method's effectiveness is validated by an example.
基金Supported by National Natural Sciences Foundation(20040224001)
文摘This article, based on investigation and analysis, existed anaerobic fermentation equipment, with a view to the production of high-latitude area, pointed out the thought of exploiting efficient anaerobic fermentation equipment, including： the settting independent equipment of acidogenic phase and methanogenic phase; the applying conbination of AF and UASB in methanogenic phase; adopting efficient sludge inverse flowing equipment and the technique of flora enrichment, and efficient method of saving energy and thermal retardation; adopting autocontrol which could make the equipment run efficiently and stably.
文摘This paper presents and analyses the internal and external efficiencies of equipment maintenance, and presents that the objective of maintenance is the maximum external efficiency. It defines generalized reliability degree of equipment and deduces the correspondent calculating method. It overcomes the defect that traditional calculating method of reliability degree has, which only considers the factor of time not function, therefore we establish a market decision model of equipment maintenance based on it. This model can determine the marginal efficiency of maintenance investment and critical value of generalized reliability degree when it reaches break-even point. After combining the equipment maintenance with economical benefit of enterprise and marketing situation of products, an optimal maintenance strategy will be got. It provides a new method for scientific and rational decisions of equipment maintenance.
