The xingkai Lake pine(Pinus lakahasii Nakai) gall rust caused by Cronartiumquereuum(Berk.)Miyabe:Shirai is a serious stem rust in the northeast region of China.The alternatehost is oak (Quercus mongolica Fisch).Germin...The xingkai Lake pine(Pinus lakahasii Nakai) gall rust caused by Cronartiumquereuum(Berk.)Miyabe:Shirai is a serious stem rust in the northeast region of China.The alternatehost is oak (Quercus mongolica Fisch).Germination of both acciospores and urediospores wasoptimal at 12℃ and occurred over a range of temperatures,from 4℃ to 32℃.Teliosperes germinatedoptimally at 16--18℃ and over a range of 8--28℃.All spores germinated best under natural light anddark conditions.Direct light inhibited germination eren when followed by darkness.The incubauonperiods of urediospores and teliospores in inoculation experiments were 6--16 days and 3--33daysrespectively. Anatomical studies of Cribartium quercuum galls showed that rust hyphae freely ramify throughthe intereellular spaces within parenchymatous lissues of the cortex,phloem,cambium,and xylemHyphac are perennial;largc haustoria are cylindrical with rounded or blunt ends. Among the 12 fungieides tested for control the rust,pine-tar,pine-tar;diesel oil(1:1。展开更多
The species diversities of rust fungus in live forest types was investigated and discussed according to the methods of fungi taxonomy and foresny ecology in Maorshan area. The results show the speies diversity index o...The species diversities of rust fungus in live forest types was investigated and discussed according to the methods of fungi taxonomy and foresny ecology in Maorshan area. The results show the speies diversity index of rust fungus is the highest in the mixed forest type, mendiun in Birch-poplar forest, Larch plantation and Korean pine plantation, and the lowest in Oak forest. The results also show that the vegetation succession can cause the fungus population succession.展开更多
The needle rust of Korean pine is a common disease in the forest region in Yichun of Heilonajiang Province. It mainly harms the needles of young trees which are under the age of fifteen.The pathogenic fungus is identi...The needle rust of Korean pine is a common disease in the forest region in Yichun of Heilonajiang Province. It mainly harms the needles of young trees which are under the age of fifteen.The pathogenic fungus is identified as Coleosporium saussureae Th m. Needle rust doesn’t cause pine trees to die, but reduces the growth rate of young trees. Pathogen requires an alternate host tocomplete its life cycle. The spermatia and aeciospores of pathogen live on the needle of pinus koraiensis sieb et Zuce. The urediospores and teliospores live on the back of Saussureaes leaves. The basidiospores produced from dangniam teliospores are primary infection sources for Korean pine. The spreading period in woods for aeciospore is from the middle of May to the middle of June. The climax of the spreading period is the first ten days period of June. The temperature available for germ of various spores is as follows: aeciospores 10-27℃, the optimum temperature 25℃, urediospores 20-30℃,the optimum temperature 22℃; basidiospores 10-25℃, the optimum temperature 20℃. The early spring is an opportune to Prevent and cure the disease.展开更多
The chloropyll Contents of healthy tree’s’ needles and rusted tree’s needles were measured. The results showed that one-year-old needles in different infection grade had no big differences in the chlorophyll conten...The chloropyll Contents of healthy tree’s’ needles and rusted tree’s needles were measured. The results showed that one-year-old needles in different infection grade had no big differences in the chlorophyll contents. The total chlorophyll contents of two-year-old needles in grad III-IV showed an increasing tendency, while it decreased grade V. The total chlorophyll contens of 3year-old needles in different infection-grades declined with the increase of infection grades. The total chlorophyll content of healthy needles shows an increasing tendency in infection grade II andIV,Which corresponds to the change taldency of two-year-old needles.展开更多
Disease-resistant genes play an important role in defending against a variety of pathogens and insect pests in plants. Most of the disease-resistant genes encode pro- teins with conserved leucine rich repeat and nucle...Disease-resistant genes play an important role in defending against a variety of pathogens and insect pests in plants. Most of the disease-resistant genes encode pro- teins with conserved leucine rich repeat and nucleotide binding site domains. In this study, we cloned and char- acterized gene-resistant analogs （RGAs） from Eucalyptus grandis using degenerate PCR, with primers specifically targeting these two domains. The amplified fragments were cloned into the pGEM-T vector and transformed into Escherichia coli. Among the 90 clones obtained, 13 were sequenced and compared with each other and with previ- ously identified gene-resistant diseases. A BLASTX search in GenBank revealed high similarities among the con- served domains of these cloned genes with RGA genes. Some clones, however, showed no significant similarity with DNA sequences in GenBank. Southern blotting ana- lysis identified several polymorphic RFLP loci between distinct genotypes. However, none of them co-segregated with the Puccinia psidii Winter resistance gene 1 （Ppr1） in a population study.展开更多
Green rusts with brucite-like layers of hydroxide intercalated with anions constitute a family of diverse precursors for the synthesis of iron oxides via dehydration,but precise structural control of the resulting oxi...Green rusts with brucite-like layers of hydroxide intercalated with anions constitute a family of diverse precursors for the synthesis of iron oxides via dehydration,but precise structural control of the resulting oxides with respect to the size and shape at the nanometer level remains challenging due to the easy oxidation of the ferrous species.Herein,we report a new synthetic strategy for the facile preparation of fibrous-like green rusts by using appropriate balancing anions(CO_(3)^(2-)and SO_(4)^(2-))in ethylene glycol to regulate the morphology.Depending on the type of the intercalating anion,the green rusts were converted into hematite with fibrous-or plate-like shapes upon thermal activation.When evaluated in the reaction of NO reduction by CO,these iron oxides showed a prominent shape-dependent catalytic behavior.The fibrous-like Fe_(2)O_(3)was much more catalytically active and structurally robust than the plate-like analogue.Combined spectroscopic and microscopic characterizations on the nanostructured iron oxides revealed that the superior performance of the fibrous-like Fe_(2)O_(3)stemmed from a facile Fe_(2)O_(3)/Fe_(3)O_(4)redox cycle and a higher density of active sites for NO activation.展开更多
Southern corn rust(SCR) caused by Puccinia polysora Underw and maize stalk rot caused by Pythium inflatum Matthews(MSR-2) are two destructive diseases of maize(Zea mays L.) in China.Our previous studies indicated that...Southern corn rust(SCR) caused by Puccinia polysora Underw and maize stalk rot caused by Pythium inflatum Matthews(MSR-2) are two destructive diseases of maize(Zea mays L.) in China.Our previous studies indicated that maize inbred line Qi319 is highly resistant to SCR but susceptible to MSR-2,while inbred line 1145 is highly resistant to MSR-2 but susceptible to SCR.The SCR resistant gene(RppQ) in Qi319 and MSR-2 resistant gene(Rpi1) in 1145 have been mapped on chromosome 10 and 4 respectively.In this research,through marker-assisted selection(MAS) with the molecular markers,bnlg1937 tightly linked to Rpi1 and phi041 tightly linked to RppQ,pyramid breeding of the two kinds of disease resistant genes were carried out from the year of 2003 to 2007.Two homozygotic inbred lines of F5 generation,DR94-1-1-1 and DR36-1-1-1 were identified.MAS result suggested DR94-1-1-1 and DR36-1-1-1 contained the two resistance genes RppQ and Rpi1.Field inoculation tests confirmed their high resistance to the two diseases.In addition,field investigation indicated that the two selected inbred lines,particularly DR94-1-1-1,had excellent agronomic traits such as plant height,ear height and yield-relating traits including ear length,ear diameter,ear weight,kernels per ear,kernels per row and kernel weight per ear.The two selected inbred lines DR94-1-1-1 and DR36-1-1-1 can either be directly developed into commercial variety or used as immediate donors of SCR and MSR resistance breeding programs in maize.展开更多
文摘The xingkai Lake pine(Pinus lakahasii Nakai) gall rust caused by Cronartiumquereuum(Berk.)Miyabe:Shirai is a serious stem rust in the northeast region of China.The alternatehost is oak (Quercus mongolica Fisch).Germination of both acciospores and urediospores wasoptimal at 12℃ and occurred over a range of temperatures,from 4℃ to 32℃.Teliosperes germinatedoptimally at 16--18℃ and over a range of 8--28℃.All spores germinated best under natural light anddark conditions.Direct light inhibited germination eren when followed by darkness.The incubauonperiods of urediospores and teliospores in inoculation experiments were 6--16 days and 3--33daysrespectively. Anatomical studies of Cribartium quercuum galls showed that rust hyphae freely ramify throughthe intereellular spaces within parenchymatous lissues of the cortex,phloem,cambium,and xylemHyphac are perennial;largc haustoria are cylindrical with rounded or blunt ends. Among the 12 fungieides tested for control the rust,pine-tar,pine-tar;diesel oil(1:1。
文摘The species diversities of rust fungus in live forest types was investigated and discussed according to the methods of fungi taxonomy and foresny ecology in Maorshan area. The results show the speies diversity index of rust fungus is the highest in the mixed forest type, mendiun in Birch-poplar forest, Larch plantation and Korean pine plantation, and the lowest in Oak forest. The results also show that the vegetation succession can cause the fungus population succession.
文摘The needle rust of Korean pine is a common disease in the forest region in Yichun of Heilonajiang Province. It mainly harms the needles of young trees which are under the age of fifteen.The pathogenic fungus is identified as Coleosporium saussureae Th m. Needle rust doesn’t cause pine trees to die, but reduces the growth rate of young trees. Pathogen requires an alternate host tocomplete its life cycle. The spermatia and aeciospores of pathogen live on the needle of pinus koraiensis sieb et Zuce. The urediospores and teliospores live on the back of Saussureaes leaves. The basidiospores produced from dangniam teliospores are primary infection sources for Korean pine. The spreading period in woods for aeciospore is from the middle of May to the middle of June. The climax of the spreading period is the first ten days period of June. The temperature available for germ of various spores is as follows: aeciospores 10-27℃, the optimum temperature 25℃, urediospores 20-30℃,the optimum temperature 22℃; basidiospores 10-25℃, the optimum temperature 20℃. The early spring is an opportune to Prevent and cure the disease.
文摘The chloropyll Contents of healthy tree’s’ needles and rusted tree’s needles were measured. The results showed that one-year-old needles in different infection grade had no big differences in the chlorophyll contents. The total chlorophyll contents of two-year-old needles in grad III-IV showed an increasing tendency, while it decreased grade V. The total chlorophyll contens of 3year-old needles in different infection-grades declined with the increase of infection grades. The total chlorophyll content of healthy needles shows an increasing tendency in infection grade II andIV,Which corresponds to the change taldency of two-year-old needles.
基金the Suzano Celulose S/A for logistical supportthe‘‘Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico’’(CNPq)+1 种基金the‘‘Coordenao de Aperfeioamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior’’(CAPES)the‘‘Fundao de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de Minas Gerais’’(FAPEMIG)for financial support to this study
文摘Disease-resistant genes play an important role in defending against a variety of pathogens and insect pests in plants. Most of the disease-resistant genes encode pro- teins with conserved leucine rich repeat and nucleotide binding site domains. In this study, we cloned and char- acterized gene-resistant analogs （RGAs） from Eucalyptus grandis using degenerate PCR, with primers specifically targeting these two domains. The amplified fragments were cloned into the pGEM-T vector and transformed into Escherichia coli. Among the 90 clones obtained, 13 were sequenced and compared with each other and with previ- ously identified gene-resistant diseases. A BLASTX search in GenBank revealed high similarities among the con- served domains of these cloned genes with RGA genes. Some clones, however, showed no significant similarity with DNA sequences in GenBank. Southern blotting ana- lysis identified several polymorphic RFLP loci between distinct genotypes. However, none of them co-segregated with the Puccinia psidii Winter resistance gene 1 （Ppr1） in a population study.
基金Zhejiang Normal University for providing the financial support(YS304320035)。
文摘Green rusts with brucite-like layers of hydroxide intercalated with anions constitute a family of diverse precursors for the synthesis of iron oxides via dehydration,but precise structural control of the resulting oxides with respect to the size and shape at the nanometer level remains challenging due to the easy oxidation of the ferrous species.Herein,we report a new synthetic strategy for the facile preparation of fibrous-like green rusts by using appropriate balancing anions(CO_(3)^(2-)and SO_(4)^(2-))in ethylene glycol to regulate the morphology.Depending on the type of the intercalating anion,the green rusts were converted into hematite with fibrous-or plate-like shapes upon thermal activation.When evaluated in the reaction of NO reduction by CO,these iron oxides showed a prominent shape-dependent catalytic behavior.The fibrous-like Fe_(2)O_(3)was much more catalytically active and structurally robust than the plate-like analogue.Combined spectroscopic and microscopic characterizations on the nanostructured iron oxides revealed that the superior performance of the fibrous-like Fe_(2)O_(3)stemmed from a facile Fe_(2)O_(3)/Fe_(3)O_(4)redox cycle and a higher density of active sites for NO activation.
文摘Southern corn rust(SCR) caused by Puccinia polysora Underw and maize stalk rot caused by Pythium inflatum Matthews(MSR-2) are two destructive diseases of maize(Zea mays L.) in China.Our previous studies indicated that maize inbred line Qi319 is highly resistant to SCR but susceptible to MSR-2,while inbred line 1145 is highly resistant to MSR-2 but susceptible to SCR.The SCR resistant gene(RppQ) in Qi319 and MSR-2 resistant gene(Rpi1) in 1145 have been mapped on chromosome 10 and 4 respectively.In this research,through marker-assisted selection(MAS) with the molecular markers,bnlg1937 tightly linked to Rpi1 and phi041 tightly linked to RppQ,pyramid breeding of the two kinds of disease resistant genes were carried out from the year of 2003 to 2007.Two homozygotic inbred lines of F5 generation,DR94-1-1-1 and DR36-1-1-1 were identified.MAS result suggested DR94-1-1-1 and DR36-1-1-1 contained the two resistance genes RppQ and Rpi1.Field inoculation tests confirmed their high resistance to the two diseases.In addition,field investigation indicated that the two selected inbred lines,particularly DR94-1-1-1,had excellent agronomic traits such as plant height,ear height and yield-relating traits including ear length,ear diameter,ear weight,kernels per ear,kernels per row and kernel weight per ear.The two selected inbred lines DR94-1-1-1 and DR36-1-1-1 can either be directly developed into commercial variety or used as immediate donors of SCR and MSR resistance breeding programs in maize.
