Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) has become one of the major evolution trends in the fields of broadband access and mobile communications. However,some difficulties emerged during the application and industrialization ...Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) has become one of the major evolution trends in the fields of broadband access and mobile communications. However,some difficulties emerged during the application and industrialization of the BWA system,which calls for typical service models,key technology innovations and backbone support from broadband Internet. This article introduces a Broadband Wireless Multimedia (BWM) access system. It aims to build a new-type "triple play" BWA network by integrating terrestrial digital TV system and the BWA system,and by taking broadband Internet as its core network platform. A primary research shows that the new BWA system is an effective solution to the existing difficulties of BWA system. Moreover,it is quite competitive in service provision,service coverage,frequency planning,terminal power consumption and cost for network construction.展开更多
The research and development of penicillin started with dificulty before 1949 and achieved certain results.In 1951,after the founding of the People’ s Republic of China,Zhang Weishen,as the only Chinese scientist who...The research and development of penicillin started with dificulty before 1949 and achieved certain results.In 1951,after the founding of the People’ s Republic of China,Zhang Weishen,as the only Chinese scientist who had been trained and worked in a penicillin research and development center in the United States for many years,overcame many difficulties and returned to China.In 1953,with the efforts of Zhang Weishen and his colleagues,China realized the industrialized production of penicillin,alleviating the urgent needs of the masses.Antibiotics has also become the first discipline to achieve major scientific and technological achievements after the founding of the New China.In the mid-1950s,the technical breakthrough in the localization of lactose substitutes marked the localization of the raw materials of the penicillin-producing culture medium,which paved the way for the industrialized production of penicillin with Chinese characteristics.Antibiotics have become one of the most widely used and affordable drugs for hundreds of millions of patients in China,and China has since ended the humiliating history of the "Sick Man of East Asia".展开更多
Purpose:Changes in the world show that the role,importance,and coherence of SSH(social sciences and the humanities)will increase significantly in the coming years.This paper aims to monitor and analyze the evolution(o...Purpose:Changes in the world show that the role,importance,and coherence of SSH(social sciences and the humanities)will increase significantly in the coming years.This paper aims to monitor and analyze the evolution(or overlapping)of the SSH thematic pattern through three funding instruments since 2007.Design/methodology/approach:The goal of the paper is to check to what extent the EU Framework Program(FP)affects/does not affect research on national level,and to highlight hot topics from a given period with the help of text analysis.Funded project titles and abstracts derived from the EU FP,Slovenian,and Estonian RIS were used.The final analysis and comparisons between different datasets were made based on the 200 most frequent words.After removing punctuation marks,numeric values,articles,prepositions,conjunctions,and auxiliary verbs,4,854 unique words in ETIS,4,421 unique words in the Slovenian Research Information System(SICRIS),and 3,950 unique words in FP were identified.Findings:Across all funding instruments,about a quarter of the top words constitute half of the word occurrences.The text analysis results show that in the majority of cases words do not overlap between FP and nationally funded projects.In some cases,it may be due to using different vocabulary.There is more overlapping between words in the case of Slovenia(SL)and Estonia(EE)and less in the case of Estonia and EU Framework Programmes(FP).At the same time,overlapping words indicate a wider reach(culture,education,social,history,human,innovation,etc.).In nationally funded projects(bottom-up),it was relatively difficult to observe the change in thematic trends over time.More specific results emerged from the comparison of the different programs throughout FP(top-down).Research limitations:Only projects with English titles and abstracts were analyzed.Practical implications:The specifics of SSH have to take into account—the one-to-one meaning of terms/words is not as important as,for example,in the exact sciences.Thus,even in co-word analysis,the final content may go unnoticed.Originality/value:This was the first attempt to monitor the trends of SSH projects using text analysis.The text analysis of the SSH projects of the two new EU Member States used in the study showed that SSH’s thematic coverage is not much affected by the EU Framework Program.Whether this result is field-specific or country-specific should be shown in the following study,which targets SSH projects in the so-called old Member States.展开更多
To reveal the quantitative relationship between research and development (R&D) investment and gross domestic product (GDP) in China, we have demonstrated and analyzed the relationship between R&D investment an...To reveal the quantitative relationship between research and development (R&D) investment and gross domestic product (GDP) in China, we have demonstrated and analyzed the relationship between R&D investment and science and technology (S&T) progress, and based on a mount of S&T statistical data, have proceeded demonstration research of the relationship between R&D investment and GDP in China with Solow and vector auto regression (VAR) models. Cubic curve fitting and cross-correlation analysis of them with SPSS have shown that there is a strong synchronic relationship between R&D investment and GDP.展开更多
文摘Broadband Wireless Access (BWA) has become one of the major evolution trends in the fields of broadband access and mobile communications. However,some difficulties emerged during the application and industrialization of the BWA system,which calls for typical service models,key technology innovations and backbone support from broadband Internet. This article introduces a Broadband Wireless Multimedia (BWM) access system. It aims to build a new-type "triple play" BWA network by integrating terrestrial digital TV system and the BWA system,and by taking broadband Internet as its core network platform. A primary research shows that the new BWA system is an effective solution to the existing difficulties of BWA system. Moreover,it is quite competitive in service provision,service coverage,frequency planning,terminal power consumption and cost for network construction.
文摘The research and development of penicillin started with dificulty before 1949 and achieved certain results.In 1951,after the founding of the People’ s Republic of China,Zhang Weishen,as the only Chinese scientist who had been trained and worked in a penicillin research and development center in the United States for many years,overcame many difficulties and returned to China.In 1953,with the efforts of Zhang Weishen and his colleagues,China realized the industrialized production of penicillin,alleviating the urgent needs of the masses.Antibiotics has also become the first discipline to achieve major scientific and technological achievements after the founding of the New China.In the mid-1950s,the technical breakthrough in the localization of lactose substitutes marked the localization of the raw materials of the penicillin-producing culture medium,which paved the way for the industrialized production of penicillin with Chinese characteristics.Antibiotics have become one of the most widely used and affordable drugs for hundreds of millions of patients in China,and China has since ended the humiliating history of the "Sick Man of East Asia".
文摘Purpose:Changes in the world show that the role,importance,and coherence of SSH(social sciences and the humanities)will increase significantly in the coming years.This paper aims to monitor and analyze the evolution(or overlapping)of the SSH thematic pattern through three funding instruments since 2007.Design/methodology/approach:The goal of the paper is to check to what extent the EU Framework Program(FP)affects/does not affect research on national level,and to highlight hot topics from a given period with the help of text analysis.Funded project titles and abstracts derived from the EU FP,Slovenian,and Estonian RIS were used.The final analysis and comparisons between different datasets were made based on the 200 most frequent words.After removing punctuation marks,numeric values,articles,prepositions,conjunctions,and auxiliary verbs,4,854 unique words in ETIS,4,421 unique words in the Slovenian Research Information System(SICRIS),and 3,950 unique words in FP were identified.Findings:Across all funding instruments,about a quarter of the top words constitute half of the word occurrences.The text analysis results show that in the majority of cases words do not overlap between FP and nationally funded projects.In some cases,it may be due to using different vocabulary.There is more overlapping between words in the case of Slovenia(SL)and Estonia(EE)and less in the case of Estonia and EU Framework Programmes(FP).At the same time,overlapping words indicate a wider reach(culture,education,social,history,human,innovation,etc.).In nationally funded projects(bottom-up),it was relatively difficult to observe the change in thematic trends over time.More specific results emerged from the comparison of the different programs throughout FP(top-down).Research limitations:Only projects with English titles and abstracts were analyzed.Practical implications:The specifics of SSH have to take into account—the one-to-one meaning of terms/words is not as important as,for example,in the exact sciences.Thus,even in co-word analysis,the final content may go unnoticed.Originality/value:This was the first attempt to monitor the trends of SSH projects using text analysis.The text analysis of the SSH projects of the two new EU Member States used in the study showed that SSH’s thematic coverage is not much affected by the EU Framework Program.Whether this result is field-specific or country-specific should be shown in the following study,which targets SSH projects in the so-called old Member States.
文摘To reveal the quantitative relationship between research and development (R&D) investment and gross domestic product (GDP) in China, we have demonstrated and analyzed the relationship between R&D investment and science and technology (S&T) progress, and based on a mount of S&T statistical data, have proceeded demonstration research of the relationship between R&D investment and GDP in China with Solow and vector auto regression (VAR) models. Cubic curve fitting and cross-correlation analysis of them with SPSS have shown that there is a strong synchronic relationship between R&D investment and GDP.
