Objective: Morphine concentration measured in postmortem tissues may or may not reflect antemortem concentration. We measured levels of morphine in autopsied tissues to determine whether morphine distribution in morph...Objective: Morphine concentration measured in postmortem tissues may or may not reflect antemortem concentration. We measured levels of morphine in autopsied tissues to determine whether morphine distribution in morphine-dependent rats is altered after death. Methods: Solid-phase extraction was used to extract morphine from the samples, and morphine levels were measured at 0-96 h postmortem using gas chromatography. Results: The study of the morphine dependent rats showed a significant (P<0.05) increase of morphine concentration in postmortem cardiac blood, liver tissues and kidneys tissues. A significant increase was also observed at 72 h and 96 h postmortem in the brain, while morphine levels in cardiac tissues only increased at 24 h and 96 h postmortem. These changes were associated with an observed pH rapid decrease: pH of cardiac blood dropped from 7.36±0.15 to 6.86±0.09 (P<0.01), pH of liver tissues from 6.98±0.04 to 6.34±0.03 (P<0.05). Conclusion: The postmortem regional distribution of morphine occurs in dependent rats, but different from the change that occurs in acute poisoning rats. The morphine concentration in cardiac blood and tissues tends to increase during the period of 0-96 h postmortem in dependent rats. Morphine concentration increases with pH rapid decrease. The antemortem internal amount of morphine affects its postmortem regional distribution. It appears that several mechanisms are accountable for postmortem morphine distribution. The understanding of the mechanisms and patterns may eventually lead to better choices of samples which may better represent antemortem drug levels.展开更多
A distribution map of osier weevil (Crytorrynchus lapathi L.) was drown up based on widely collecting information and field survey. The results showed that Osier weevil has a widespread in China, stretching from 33&#...A distribution map of osier weevil (Crytorrynchus lapathi L.) was drown up based on widely collecting information and field survey. The results showed that Osier weevil has a widespread in China, stretching from 33°21' to 51°42' N latitude and 83°00' to 132°58' E longitude, and distributes in forms of big or small patches or sports uncontinously. According to the analysis of meteorological data, the temperature and humidity threshold for osier weevil's distribution were determined by methods of PCA (Principle Component Analysis) and RA(Relativity Analysis): January temperature is -30~ 0℃. Annual temperature -4~13℃, Annual precipitation from 411~ 1,136 min.The areas with January temperature under 0℃, annual temperature above 0℃ and annual precipitation of 400~ 800 mm are the optimum distributing places for osier weevil in China.展开更多
文摘Objective: Morphine concentration measured in postmortem tissues may or may not reflect antemortem concentration. We measured levels of morphine in autopsied tissues to determine whether morphine distribution in morphine-dependent rats is altered after death. Methods: Solid-phase extraction was used to extract morphine from the samples, and morphine levels were measured at 0-96 h postmortem using gas chromatography. Results: The study of the morphine dependent rats showed a significant (P<0.05) increase of morphine concentration in postmortem cardiac blood, liver tissues and kidneys tissues. A significant increase was also observed at 72 h and 96 h postmortem in the brain, while morphine levels in cardiac tissues only increased at 24 h and 96 h postmortem. These changes were associated with an observed pH rapid decrease: pH of cardiac blood dropped from 7.36±0.15 to 6.86±0.09 (P<0.01), pH of liver tissues from 6.98±0.04 to 6.34±0.03 (P<0.05). Conclusion: The postmortem regional distribution of morphine occurs in dependent rats, but different from the change that occurs in acute poisoning rats. The morphine concentration in cardiac blood and tissues tends to increase during the period of 0-96 h postmortem in dependent rats. Morphine concentration increases with pH rapid decrease. The antemortem internal amount of morphine affects its postmortem regional distribution. It appears that several mechanisms are accountable for postmortem morphine distribution. The understanding of the mechanisms and patterns may eventually lead to better choices of samples which may better represent antemortem drug levels.
文摘A distribution map of osier weevil (Crytorrynchus lapathi L.) was drown up based on widely collecting information and field survey. The results showed that Osier weevil has a widespread in China, stretching from 33°21' to 51°42' N latitude and 83°00' to 132°58' E longitude, and distributes in forms of big or small patches or sports uncontinously. According to the analysis of meteorological data, the temperature and humidity threshold for osier weevil's distribution were determined by methods of PCA (Principle Component Analysis) and RA(Relativity Analysis): January temperature is -30~ 0℃. Annual temperature -4~13℃, Annual precipitation from 411~ 1,136 min.The areas with January temperature under 0℃, annual temperature above 0℃ and annual precipitation of 400~ 800 mm are the optimum distributing places for osier weevil in China.
