Objective: 1Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China 2Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University...Objective: 1Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China 2Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China Abstract Objective: To study the anatomical basis of transferring the superior gluteal nerve to the pudendal nerve in reconstructing the functional impairment in simple conus medullaris or pudendal nerve injury. Methods: Superior gluteal nerve and pudendal nerve were observed and measured by the gross and microsurgical anatomical methods in 62 sides of 31 adult cadavers. Results: Superior gluteal nerve came out of the superior foreman of piriformis as 1 to 4 branches(29.03%,56.45%,12.90% and 1.61% respectively) and the pelvic-leaving points were mainly in the middle 1/3(85.48%) of the line from the posterior superior iliac spine to the ischial tuberosity. The length of the inferior branch of the superior gluteal nerve was more than 5 cm, and the distance between the pelvic-leaving points of the superior gluteal nerve and pudandal nerve was about 4 cm only. The pudendal nerve left the pelvis mainly in the middle 1/3(48.39%) of the line from the posterior superior iliac spine to the ischial tuberosity,or at the junction of its inferior-middle 1/3(46.77%). In clinic, we have successfully made the operation transferring the superior gluteal nerve to the pudendal nerve in 3 patients suffered from the injury of conus medullaris. Conclusion: Distance between the pelvic-leaving points of the superior gluteal nerve and the pudendal nerve is close, so the inferior branch of the gluteal nerve can be anastomosed with the pudendal nerve directly. Transferring the superior gluteal nerve with higher spinal segemental origin to the pudendal nerve of a lower spinal segemental origin is practical and easy.展开更多
An optical transfer function （OTF） reconstruction model is first embedded into incoherent Fourier ptychography （IFP）. The leading result is a proposed algorithm that can recover both the super-resolution image and...An optical transfer function （OTF） reconstruction model is first embedded into incoherent Fourier ptychography （IFP）. The leading result is a proposed algorithm that can recover both the super-resolution image and the OTF of an imaging system with unknown aberrations simultaneously. This model overcomes the difficult problem of OTF estimation that the previous IFP faces. The effectiveness of this algorithm is demonstrated by numerical simulations, and the superior reconstruction is presented. We believe that the reported algorithm can extend the original IFP for more complex conditions and may provide a solution by using structured light for characterization of optical systems＇ aberrations.展开更多
文摘Objective: 1Department of Anatomy, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China 2Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China Abstract Objective: To study the anatomical basis of transferring the superior gluteal nerve to the pudendal nerve in reconstructing the functional impairment in simple conus medullaris or pudendal nerve injury. Methods: Superior gluteal nerve and pudendal nerve were observed and measured by the gross and microsurgical anatomical methods in 62 sides of 31 adult cadavers. Results: Superior gluteal nerve came out of the superior foreman of piriformis as 1 to 4 branches(29.03%,56.45%,12.90% and 1.61% respectively) and the pelvic-leaving points were mainly in the middle 1/3(85.48%) of the line from the posterior superior iliac spine to the ischial tuberosity. The length of the inferior branch of the superior gluteal nerve was more than 5 cm, and the distance between the pelvic-leaving points of the superior gluteal nerve and pudandal nerve was about 4 cm only. The pudendal nerve left the pelvis mainly in the middle 1/3(48.39%) of the line from the posterior superior iliac spine to the ischial tuberosity,or at the junction of its inferior-middle 1/3(46.77%). In clinic, we have successfully made the operation transferring the superior gluteal nerve to the pudendal nerve in 3 patients suffered from the injury of conus medullaris. Conclusion: Distance between the pelvic-leaving points of the superior gluteal nerve and the pudendal nerve is close, so the inferior branch of the gluteal nerve can be anastomosed with the pudendal nerve directly. Transferring the superior gluteal nerve with higher spinal segemental origin to the pudendal nerve of a lower spinal segemental origin is practical and easy.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No 61205144the Research Project of National University of Defense Technology under Grant No JC13-07-01the Key Laboratory of High Power Laser and Physics of Chinese Academy of Sciences
文摘An optical transfer function （OTF） reconstruction model is first embedded into incoherent Fourier ptychography （IFP）. The leading result is a proposed algorithm that can recover both the super-resolution image and the OTF of an imaging system with unknown aberrations simultaneously. This model overcomes the difficult problem of OTF estimation that the previous IFP faces. The effectiveness of this algorithm is demonstrated by numerical simulations, and the superior reconstruction is presented. We believe that the reported algorithm can extend the original IFP for more complex conditions and may provide a solution by using structured light for characterization of optical systems＇ aberrations.
