Background Bt technology has played significant role in controlling bollworms and increasing cotton yield in earlier days of its introduction,a subsequent decline in yield became apparent over time.This decline may be...Background Bt technology has played significant role in controlling bollworms and increasing cotton yield in earlier days of its introduction,a subsequent decline in yield became apparent over time.This decline may be attributed to various environmental factors,pest dynamics,or combination of both.Therefore,the present biophysical survey and questionnaire were designed to evaluate the impact of Bt cotton on bollworms management and its effect on reducing spray costs,targeting farmers with varied landholdings and educational backgrounds.Additionally,data on farmers'cultivated varieties and the prevalence of bollworms and sucking insects in their fields were recorded.Subsequently,about eleven thousand cotton samples from farmer fields were tested for Cry1Ac,Cry2Ab and Vip3A genes by strip test.Results In this analysis,83% of the farmers planting approved varieties believe that Bt technology control bollworms,while 17% hold contradictory views.Similarly,among farmers cultivating unapproved varieties,77% agree on effectiveness of Bt technology against bollworms,while 23% disagree.On the other hand,67% of farmers planting approved varieties believe that Bt technology does not reduce spray costs,while 33% agree with the effectiveness.Similarly,78% of farmers cultivating unapproved varieties express doubt regarding its role to reduce spray costs,while 22% are in favour of this notion.Differences in opinions on the effectiveness of Bt cotton in controlling bollworms and reducing spray cost between farmers planting unapproved and approved varieties may stem from several factors.One major cause is the heavy infestation of sucking insects,which is probably due to the narrow genetic variation of the cultivated varieties.Additionally,the widespread cultivation of unapproved varieties(21.67%)is also an important factor to cause different opinions on the effectiveness of Bt cotton.Conclusion Based on our findings,we propose that the ineffective control of pests on cotton crop may be attributed to large scale cultivation of unapproved varieties and non-inclusion of double and triple transgene technologies in country's sowing plan.On the basis of our findings,we suggest cotton breeders,regulatory bodies and legislative bodies to discourage the cultivation of unapproved varieties and impure seed.Moreover,the adoption of double and triple Bt genes in cottons with a broad genetic variation could facilitate the revival of the cotton industry,and presenting a promising way forward.展开更多
To predict the erosion and abrasion of high bore pressure tank gun barrel, the least square support vector machine (LSSVM) algorithm was used. Based on the gun firing test data, the prediction model for barrel's e...To predict the erosion and abrasion of high bore pressure tank gun barrel, the least square support vector machine (LSSVM) algorithm was used. Based on the gun firing test data, the prediction model for barrel's erosion and abrasion was established. It was adopted to predict the wear increment of gun barrel. The results show that the prediction values given by the model coincide with the measured data better, and the model can predict the barrel's wear accurately and rapidly.展开更多
The teaching of College English in institutions of higher learning in China is in a period of great transformation in which English for Specific Purposes( ESP) is replacing of English for General Purposes( EGP). This ...The teaching of College English in institutions of higher learning in China is in a period of great transformation in which English for Specific Purposes( ESP) is replacing of English for General Purposes( EGP). This paper aims to analyze the present situation,hot topics and features in particular,of the researches in the field of ESP done by researchers in Anhui institutions of higher learning during the period from 2001 to 2014,by means of documentation. Firstly,the w riter review s the origin of English for Specific Purposes and its development within C hina,and then examines the major reasons for the transformation. Next,on the basis of analysis into the collected papers,the author points out that,as far as research method is concerned,we are being more empirical and more quantitative than speculative and qualitative; with regard to research contents,we are focusing on both theoretical and applicative studies and both macro and micro research,which is the research tendencies in Anhui.Lastly,the writer suggests that Anhui institutions of higher learning should set up their ow n research organization in order to form regional research dominance.展开更多
President Xi Jinping has constantly taken theeconomic development as the central work from theperspective of historical materialism and dialecticalmaterialism.He corresponds to the law of economicdevelopment,and accur...President Xi Jinping has constantly taken theeconomic development as the central work from theperspective of historical materialism and dialecticalmaterialism.He corresponds to the law of economicdevelopment,and accurately masters the important logicrelations between economy and politics,government andmarket.Meanwhile,he proposes that China should useoverall planning to deal with the difficulty of urban-ruralintegration so as to thoroughly solve the three agriculture-related issues.Then,it is possible to achieve the organicunity of purposiveness and regularity.展开更多
基金supported by Punjab Agriculture Research Board,Grant numbers PARB No.890received research support from Punjab Agriculture Board。
文摘Background Bt technology has played significant role in controlling bollworms and increasing cotton yield in earlier days of its introduction,a subsequent decline in yield became apparent over time.This decline may be attributed to various environmental factors,pest dynamics,or combination of both.Therefore,the present biophysical survey and questionnaire were designed to evaluate the impact of Bt cotton on bollworms management and its effect on reducing spray costs,targeting farmers with varied landholdings and educational backgrounds.Additionally,data on farmers'cultivated varieties and the prevalence of bollworms and sucking insects in their fields were recorded.Subsequently,about eleven thousand cotton samples from farmer fields were tested for Cry1Ac,Cry2Ab and Vip3A genes by strip test.Results In this analysis,83% of the farmers planting approved varieties believe that Bt technology control bollworms,while 17% hold contradictory views.Similarly,among farmers cultivating unapproved varieties,77% agree on effectiveness of Bt technology against bollworms,while 23% disagree.On the other hand,67% of farmers planting approved varieties believe that Bt technology does not reduce spray costs,while 33% agree with the effectiveness.Similarly,78% of farmers cultivating unapproved varieties express doubt regarding its role to reduce spray costs,while 22% are in favour of this notion.Differences in opinions on the effectiveness of Bt cotton in controlling bollworms and reducing spray cost between farmers planting unapproved and approved varieties may stem from several factors.One major cause is the heavy infestation of sucking insects,which is probably due to the narrow genetic variation of the cultivated varieties.Additionally,the widespread cultivation of unapproved varieties(21.67%)is also an important factor to cause different opinions on the effectiveness of Bt cotton.Conclusion Based on our findings,we propose that the ineffective control of pests on cotton crop may be attributed to large scale cultivation of unapproved varieties and non-inclusion of double and triple transgene technologies in country's sowing plan.On the basis of our findings,we suggest cotton breeders,regulatory bodies and legislative bodies to discourage the cultivation of unapproved varieties and impure seed.Moreover,the adoption of double and triple Bt genes in cottons with a broad genetic variation could facilitate the revival of the cotton industry,and presenting a promising way forward.
文摘To predict the erosion and abrasion of high bore pressure tank gun barrel, the least square support vector machine (LSSVM) algorithm was used. Based on the gun firing test data, the prediction model for barrel's erosion and abrasion was established. It was adopted to predict the wear increment of gun barrel. The results show that the prediction values given by the model coincide with the measured data better, and the model can predict the barrel's wear accurately and rapidly.
基金Anhui key project of social science(specially funded by Foreign Language Education Press):research into ESP Teaching and Textbook Construction in Institutions of Higher Learning(No.2011sk182zd)Key teaching project of Anhui Education Department:EAP Course Design and Evaluation in Universities and Colleges with Finance and Economics as the principal disciplines(No:2012jyxm227)
文摘The teaching of College English in institutions of higher learning in China is in a period of great transformation in which English for Specific Purposes( ESP) is replacing of English for General Purposes( EGP). This paper aims to analyze the present situation,hot topics and features in particular,of the researches in the field of ESP done by researchers in Anhui institutions of higher learning during the period from 2001 to 2014,by means of documentation. Firstly,the w riter review s the origin of English for Specific Purposes and its development within C hina,and then examines the major reasons for the transformation. Next,on the basis of analysis into the collected papers,the author points out that,as far as research method is concerned,we are being more empirical and more quantitative than speculative and qualitative; with regard to research contents,we are focusing on both theoretical and applicative studies and both macro and micro research,which is the research tendencies in Anhui.Lastly,the writer suggests that Anhui institutions of higher learning should set up their ow n research organization in order to form regional research dominance.
文摘President Xi Jinping has constantly taken theeconomic development as the central work from theperspective of historical materialism and dialecticalmaterialism.He corresponds to the law of economicdevelopment,and accurately masters the important logicrelations between economy and politics,government andmarket.Meanwhile,he proposes that China should useoverall planning to deal with the difficulty of urban-ruralintegration so as to thoroughly solve the three agriculture-related issues.Then,it is possible to achieve the organicunity of purposiveness and regularity.
