Most Aloe species are used as new food or functional food ingredient.Even though widely known for its health benefits,the anti-inflammatory effects and underlying mechanisms of Aloin(Alo),an anthraquinone compound iso...Most Aloe species are used as new food or functional food ingredient.Even though widely known for its health benefits,the anti-inflammatory effects and underlying mechanisms of Aloin(Alo),an anthraquinone compound isolated from plant species of the genus Aloe,remain unidentified.Here,we investigated the protective effects of Alo against cecal ligation and puncture(CLP)-induced sepsis and microflora in mice.Alo significantly improved CLP-induced sepsis and the survival rate of septic mice,downregulated the expression of proinflammatory factors,and decreased the infiltration of inflammatory cells in tissues.Alo upregulated the proportion of peritoneal macrophages,reduced the number of peritoneal bacteria,decreased the content of short-chain fatty acids and bile acids in the abdominal cavity,and suppressed Toll-like receptor(TLR)-2/4/nuclear factor kappa-B(NF-κB)/NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3(NLRP3)/Caspase-1/3/8 signaling.Furthermore,Alo altered the composition of the microbiome and promoted the growth of Lactobacillus,which showed a stronger anti-inflammatory effect.Whole-genome analysis identified the genes Saa3,Il10,Fpr1,and Eif4a1 associated with the protective effects of Alo in mice with CLP-induced sepsis.Overall,our results provide novel insights into the therapeutic potential and mechanism of action of Alo in the treatment of sepsis.展开更多
Febrile infants are at greater risk of invasive bacterial infections (IBI),which include bacterial meningitis and bacteremia.Although bacterial meningitis is uncommon,^([1-2])it remains a concern for clinicians treati...Febrile infants are at greater risk of invasive bacterial infections (IBI),which include bacterial meningitis and bacteremia.Although bacterial meningitis is uncommon,^([1-2])it remains a concern for clinicians treating infants younger than 90 d.Guidelines for investigating fever without a source(meaning without an apparent source of infection,or of nonobvious origin) are numerous around the world but remain conflicting,particularly on whether to perform a lumbar puncture for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis in infants older than 22 d and hence at lower risk than younger infants.展开更多
Background: The treatment of hypertensive spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage(ICH) is still controversial. The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether minimally invasive puncture and drainage(MIPD) cou...Background: The treatment of hypertensive spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage(ICH) is still controversial. The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether minimally invasive puncture and drainage(MIPD) could provide improved patient outcome compared with decompressive craniectomy(DC).Methods: Eligible, consecutive patients with ICH(≥30 ml, in basal ganglia, within 24 hours of ictus) were nonrandomly assigned to receive MIPD(group A) or to undergo DC(group B) hematoma evacuation. The primary outcome was death at 30 days after onset. Functional independence was assessed at 1 year using the Glasgow Outcome Scale(GOS, scores range from 1 to 5, score 1 indicating death, ≥4 indicating functional independence, with lower scores indicating greater disability). Results: A total of 198 patients met the per protocol analysis(84 cases in group A and 114 cases in group B), including 9 cases lost during follow-up(2 cases in group A and 7 cases in group B). For these 9 patients, their last observed data were used as their final results for intention-to-treat analysis. The mean age of all patients was 57.1 years(range of 31-95 years), and 114 patients were male. The initial Glasgow Coma Scale(GCS) score was 8.1±3.4, and the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale(NIHSS) score was 20.8±5.3. The mean hematoma volume(HV) was 56.7±23.0 ml(range of 30-144 ml), and there was extended intraventricular hemorrhage(IVH) in 134 patients(67.7%). There were no significant intergroup differences in the above baseline data, except group A had a higher mean age(59.4±14.5years) than the mean age of group B(55.3±11.1 years, P=0.025). The total cumulative mortalities at 30 days and 1 year were 32.3% and 43.4%, respectively, and there were no significant differences between groups A and B(30 days: 27.4% vs. 36.0%, P=0.203; 1 year: 36.1% vs. 48.2%, P=0.112, respectively). However, the mortality for patients ≤60 years, NIHSS【15 or HV≤60 ml was significantly lower in group A than that in group B(all P【0.05). The total cumulative functional independence at 1 year was 26.8%, and the difference between group A(33/43, 39.3%) and group B(20/144, 17.5%) was significant(absolute difference 21.7%, odds ratio [OR] 0.329, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.171 to 0.631, P=0.001). For patient with severe IVH, the 30 days and 1 year mortality rates were significant lower in group B than those in group A(P=0.025, P=0.036). However, the number of favorable outcomes had no significant difference between groups at 1 year post ictus. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that a favorable outcome after 1 year was associated with the difference in therapies(OR 0.280, 95% CI 0.104–0.752, P=0.012), age(OR 0.215, 95% CI 0.069–0.671, P=0.008), GCS(OR 1.187, 95% CI 1.010–1.395, P=0.037), HV(OR 0.943, 95% CI 0.906–0.982, P=0.005), IVH(OR 0.655, 95% CI 0.506–0.849, P=0.001) and PI(OR 0.211, 95% CI 0.071–0.624, P=0.001). Conclusions: Our results suggest that for patients with hypertensive spontaneous ICH(HV≥30 ml in basal ganglia), MIPD may be a more effective treatment than DC, as assessed by a higher rate of functional independence at 1 year after onset as well as reduced mortality in patients ≤60 years of age, NIHSS【15 or HV≤60 ml. For patients with HV 】60 ml, deep coma and severe IVH, the outcomes of the two therapies were similar.展开更多
In this article, some facts of the value distribution theory for meromorphic func- tions with maximal deficiency sum in the plane will be considered in the punctured plane, and also the relationship between the defici...In this article, some facts of the value distribution theory for meromorphic func- tions with maximal deficiency sum in the plane will be considered in the punctured plane, and also the relationship between the deficiency of meromorphic function in the punctured plane and that of their derivatives is studied.展开更多
BACKGROUND: The objective of this study is to determine if point-of-care ultrasound(POCUS) pre-procedure identification of landmarks can decrease failure rate, reduce procedural time, and decrease the number of needle...BACKGROUND: The objective of this study is to determine if point-of-care ultrasound(POCUS) pre-procedure identification of landmarks can decrease failure rate, reduce procedural time, and decrease the number of needle redirections and reinsertions when performing a lumbar puncture(LP).METHODS: This was a prospective, randomized controlled trial comparing POCUS preprocedure identifi cation of landmarks versus traditional palpation for LP in a cohort of patients in the emergency department and intensive care unit.RESULTS: A total of 158 patients were enrolled. No signifi cant difference was found in time to completion, needle re-direction, or needle re-insertion when using POCUS when compared to the traditional method of palpation.CONCLUSION: Consistent with fi ndings of previous studies, our data indicate that there was no observed benefi t of using POCUS to identify pre-procedure landmarks when performing an LP.展开更多
Background Percutaneous left atrial appendage occlusion(LAAO)requires puncture of the interatrial septum.The immediate hemodynamic effects of iatrogenic atrial septal defects(iASD)after LAAO have not been examined so ...Background Percutaneous left atrial appendage occlusion(LAAO)requires puncture of the interatrial septum.The immediate hemodynamic effects of iatrogenic atrial septal defects(iASD)after LAAO have not been examined so far.We aimed at evaluat-ing these effects through invasive measurements of pressure and oxygen saturation.Moreover,we assessed the incidence of per-sistent iASD at three months.METHODS Forty-eight patients scheduled for percutaneous LAAO were prospectively included in the study.Pressure and oxygen saturation were measured(1)in the right atrium(RA)before transseptal puncture,(2)in the left atrium(LA)through the transseptal sheath after transseptal puncture,(3)in the LA after removal of introducer sheath,and(4)in the RA after removal of introducer sheath.Transesophageal echocardiography was performed at three months to detect iASD.RESULTS Pressure in the RA increased significantly after removing the introducer sheath(P=0.034),whereas no difference was found in oxygen saturation in the RA(P=0.623).Pressure measurement in the LA showed no significant difference after re-moving the introducer sheath(P=0.718).Oxygen saturation in the LA also showed no significant difference(P=0.129).Follow-up transesophageal echocardiogram at 3 months revealed a persistent iASD in 4 patients(8.5%).CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that iASD after percutaneous LAAO does not result in significant shunts directly after the procedure,although a significant increase of mean right atrial pressure can be observed.Persistent iASDs after percutaneous LAAO seem to be relatively rare at three months.展开更多
We are interested in a quantum mechanical system on a triply punctured two-sphere surface with hyperbolic metric. The bound states on this system are described by the Maass cusp forms （MCFs） which are smooth square ...We are interested in a quantum mechanical system on a triply punctured two-sphere surface with hyperbolic metric. The bound states on this system are described by the Maass cusp forms （MCFs） which are smooth square integrable eigenfunctions of the hyperbolic Laplacian. Their discrete eigenvalues and the MCF are not known analytically. We solve numerically using a modified Hejhal and Then algorithm, which is suitable to compute eigenvalues for a surface with more than one cusp. We report on the computational results of some lower-lying eigenvalues for the triply punctured surface as well as providing plots of the MCF using GridMathematica.展开更多
Cosyntropin has been reported to be effective in the treatment of post-dural puncture headaches, but there is a lack of data on its effectiveness. We compared the efficacy of cosyntropin with that of caffeine in the t...Cosyntropin has been reported to be effective in the treatment of post-dural puncture headaches, but there is a lack of data on its effectiveness. We compared the efficacy of cosyntropin with that of caffeine in the treatment of post-dural puncture headaches. We performed an interim analysis of a prospective, double blinded, trial of adult patients presenting to the emergency department with a post-dural puncture headache. Patients were randomized to receive either intravenous caffeine or intravenous cosyntropin. Values on a 100-mm visual analog scale （VAS） were recorded at 0, 60, and 120 minutes to assess pain. Rescue therapy was documented on the study data forms. Its effectiveness was determined by the need for this therapy. Thirty-seven patients were included and four patients were excluded from the analysis because of protocol violations or incomplete data. Analysis was based on intention-to-treat. Caffeine was 80% （95% CI 60-100%） effective and cosyntropin was 56% （95% CI 33-79%） effective in treating post-dural puncture headaches. The group＇s VAS scores at 0, 60, and 120 minutes were 80 mm, 41 mm, 31 mm for caffeine and 80 mm, 40 mm, 33 mm for cosyntropin, respectively （P=0.66）. Caffeine was not more effective than cosyntropin in treating patients with postdural puncture headaches, and there was no difference in the degree of pain relief on VAS assessment.展开更多
Puncturing has been recognized as a promising technology to cope with the coexistence problem of enhanced mobile broadband(eMBB) and ultra-reliable low latency communications(URLLC)traffic. However, the steady perform...Puncturing has been recognized as a promising technology to cope with the coexistence problem of enhanced mobile broadband(eMBB) and ultra-reliable low latency communications(URLLC)traffic. However, the steady performance of eMBB traffic while meeting the requirements of URLLC traffic with puncturing is a major challenge in some realistic scenarios. In this paper, we pay attention to the timely and energy-efficient processing for eMBB traffic in the industrial Internet of Things(IIoT), where mobile edge computing(MEC) is employed for data processing. Specifically, the performance of eMBB traffic and URLLC traffic in a MEC-based IIoT system is ensured by setting the threshold of tolerable delay and outage probability, respectively. Furthermore,considering the limited energy supply, an energy minimization problem of eMBB device is formulated under the above constraints, by jointly optimizing the resource blocks(RBs) punctured by URLLC traffic, data offloading and transmit power of eMBB device. With Markov's inequality, the problem is reformulated by transforming the probabilistic outage constraint into a deterministic constraint. Meanwhile, an iterative energy minimization algorithm(IEMA) is proposed.Simulation results demonstrate that our algorithm has a significant reduction in the energy consumption for eMBB device and achieves a better overall effect compared to several benchmarks.展开更多
We discuss the properties of incompressible pairwise incompressible surfaces in a knot complement by using twist crossing number. Let K be a pretzel knot or rational knot that its twistindex is less than 6, and l...We discuss the properties of incompressible pairwise incompressible surfaces in a knot complement by using twist crossing number. Let K be a pretzel knot or rational knot that its twistindex is less than 6, and let F be an incompressible pairwise incompressible surface in S 3-K. Then F is a punctured sphere.展开更多
BACKGROUND： Sepsis has become the greatest threat to in-patients, with a mortality of over 25%.The dysfunction of gut barrier, especially the immunological barrier, plays an important role in the development of sepsi...BACKGROUND： Sepsis has become the greatest threat to in-patients, with a mortality of over 25%.The dysfunction of gut barrier, especially the immunological barrier, plays an important role in the development of sepsis. This dysfunction occurs after surgery, but the magnitude of change does not differentiate patients with sepsis from those without sepsis. Increased intestinal permeability before surgery is of no value in predicating sepsis. The present study aimed to observe the changes of intestinal mucosal immunologic barrier in rat models of sepsis induced by cecal ligation and puncture.METHODS： Sixty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a sepsis group （n=45） and a control group （n=15）. The rats in the sepsis group were subjected to cecal ligation and puncture （CLP）, whereas the rats in the control group underwent a sham operation. The ileac mucosa and segments were harvested 3, 6 and 12 hours after CLP, and blood samples were collected. Pathological changes, protein levels of defensin-5 （RD-5） and trefoil factor-3 （TFF3） mRNA, and lymphocytes apoptosis in the intestinal mucosa were determined. In an additional experiment, the gut-origin bacterial DNA in blood was detected.RESULTS： The intestinal mucosa showed marked injury with loss of ileal villi, desquamation of epithelium, detachment of lamina propria, hemorrhage and ulceration in the sepsis group. The expression of TFF3 mRNA and level of RD-5 protein were decreased and the apoptosis of mucosal lymphocyte increased （P〈0.05） in the sepsis group compared with the control group. Significant differences were observed in RD-5 and TFF3 mRNA 3 hours after CLP and they were progressively increased 6 and 12 hours after CLP in the sepsis group compared with the control group （P〈0.05, RD-5 F=11.76, TFF3 F=16.86 and apoptosis F=122.52）. In addition, the gut-origin bacterial DNA detected in plasma was positive in the sepsis group.CONCLUSION： The immunological function of the intestinal mucosa was impaired in septic rats and further deteriorated in the course of sepsis.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81803547)the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province,China(2021J01204)Fujian Provincial Regional Development Project(2021N3005)。
文摘Most Aloe species are used as new food or functional food ingredient.Even though widely known for its health benefits,the anti-inflammatory effects and underlying mechanisms of Aloin(Alo),an anthraquinone compound isolated from plant species of the genus Aloe,remain unidentified.Here,we investigated the protective effects of Alo against cecal ligation and puncture(CLP)-induced sepsis and microflora in mice.Alo significantly improved CLP-induced sepsis and the survival rate of septic mice,downregulated the expression of proinflammatory factors,and decreased the infiltration of inflammatory cells in tissues.Alo upregulated the proportion of peritoneal macrophages,reduced the number of peritoneal bacteria,decreased the content of short-chain fatty acids and bile acids in the abdominal cavity,and suppressed Toll-like receptor(TLR)-2/4/nuclear factor kappa-B(NF-κB)/NOD-like receptor thermal protein domain associated protein 3(NLRP3)/Caspase-1/3/8 signaling.Furthermore,Alo altered the composition of the microbiome and promoted the growth of Lactobacillus,which showed a stronger anti-inflammatory effect.Whole-genome analysis identified the genes Saa3,Il10,Fpr1,and Eif4a1 associated with the protective effects of Alo in mice with CLP-induced sepsis.Overall,our results provide novel insights into the therapeutic potential and mechanism of action of Alo in the treatment of sepsis.
基金the financial contribution of the Groupe de Recherche En Médecine d’Urgence du CHUL (GREMUC)which is the local emergency department research group。
文摘Febrile infants are at greater risk of invasive bacterial infections (IBI),which include bacterial meningitis and bacteremia.Although bacterial meningitis is uncommon,^([1-2])it remains a concern for clinicians treating infants younger than 90 d.Guidelines for investigating fever without a source(meaning without an apparent source of infection,or of nonobvious origin) are numerous around the world but remain conflicting,particularly on whether to perform a lumbar puncture for cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis in infants older than 22 d and hence at lower risk than younger infants.
基金supported by grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81070948)
文摘Background: The treatment of hypertensive spontaneous intracranial hemorrhage(ICH) is still controversial. The purpose of the present study was to investigate whether minimally invasive puncture and drainage(MIPD) could provide improved patient outcome compared with decompressive craniectomy(DC).Methods: Eligible, consecutive patients with ICH(≥30 ml, in basal ganglia, within 24 hours of ictus) were nonrandomly assigned to receive MIPD(group A) or to undergo DC(group B) hematoma evacuation. The primary outcome was death at 30 days after onset. Functional independence was assessed at 1 year using the Glasgow Outcome Scale(GOS, scores range from 1 to 5, score 1 indicating death, ≥4 indicating functional independence, with lower scores indicating greater disability). Results: A total of 198 patients met the per protocol analysis(84 cases in group A and 114 cases in group B), including 9 cases lost during follow-up(2 cases in group A and 7 cases in group B). For these 9 patients, their last observed data were used as their final results for intention-to-treat analysis. The mean age of all patients was 57.1 years(range of 31-95 years), and 114 patients were male. The initial Glasgow Coma Scale(GCS) score was 8.1±3.4, and the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale(NIHSS) score was 20.8±5.3. The mean hematoma volume(HV) was 56.7±23.0 ml(range of 30-144 ml), and there was extended intraventricular hemorrhage(IVH) in 134 patients(67.7%). There were no significant intergroup differences in the above baseline data, except group A had a higher mean age(59.4±14.5years) than the mean age of group B(55.3±11.1 years, P=0.025). The total cumulative mortalities at 30 days and 1 year were 32.3% and 43.4%, respectively, and there were no significant differences between groups A and B(30 days: 27.4% vs. 36.0%, P=0.203; 1 year: 36.1% vs. 48.2%, P=0.112, respectively). However, the mortality for patients ≤60 years, NIHSS【15 or HV≤60 ml was significantly lower in group A than that in group B(all P【0.05). The total cumulative functional independence at 1 year was 26.8%, and the difference between group A(33/43, 39.3%) and group B(20/144, 17.5%) was significant(absolute difference 21.7%, odds ratio [OR] 0.329, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.171 to 0.631, P=0.001). For patient with severe IVH, the 30 days and 1 year mortality rates were significant lower in group B than those in group A(P=0.025, P=0.036). However, the number of favorable outcomes had no significant difference between groups at 1 year post ictus. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that a favorable outcome after 1 year was associated with the difference in therapies(OR 0.280, 95% CI 0.104–0.752, P=0.012), age(OR 0.215, 95% CI 0.069–0.671, P=0.008), GCS(OR 1.187, 95% CI 1.010–1.395, P=0.037), HV(OR 0.943, 95% CI 0.906–0.982, P=0.005), IVH(OR 0.655, 95% CI 0.506–0.849, P=0.001) and PI(OR 0.211, 95% CI 0.071–0.624, P=0.001). Conclusions: Our results suggest that for patients with hypertensive spontaneous ICH(HV≥30 ml in basal ganglia), MIPD may be a more effective treatment than DC, as assessed by a higher rate of functional independence at 1 year after onset as well as reduced mortality in patients ≤60 years of age, NIHSS【15 or HV≤60 ml. For patients with HV 】60 ml, deep coma and severe IVH, the outcomes of the two therapies were similar.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11201395)supported by the Science Foundation of Educational Commission of Hubei Province(D20132804)supported by the Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province(20122BAB201006)
文摘In this article, some facts of the value distribution theory for meromorphic func- tions with maximal deficiency sum in the plane will be considered in the punctured plane, and also the relationship between the deficiency of meromorphic function in the punctured plane and that of their derivatives is studied.
文摘BACKGROUND: The objective of this study is to determine if point-of-care ultrasound(POCUS) pre-procedure identification of landmarks can decrease failure rate, reduce procedural time, and decrease the number of needle redirections and reinsertions when performing a lumbar puncture(LP).METHODS: This was a prospective, randomized controlled trial comparing POCUS preprocedure identifi cation of landmarks versus traditional palpation for LP in a cohort of patients in the emergency department and intensive care unit.RESULTS: A total of 158 patients were enrolled. No signifi cant difference was found in time to completion, needle re-direction, or needle re-insertion when using POCUS when compared to the traditional method of palpation.CONCLUSION: Consistent with fi ndings of previous studies, our data indicate that there was no observed benefi t of using POCUS to identify pre-procedure landmarks when performing an LP.
文摘Background Percutaneous left atrial appendage occlusion(LAAO)requires puncture of the interatrial septum.The immediate hemodynamic effects of iatrogenic atrial septal defects(iASD)after LAAO have not been examined so far.We aimed at evaluat-ing these effects through invasive measurements of pressure and oxygen saturation.Moreover,we assessed the incidence of per-sistent iASD at three months.METHODS Forty-eight patients scheduled for percutaneous LAAO were prospectively included in the study.Pressure and oxygen saturation were measured(1)in the right atrium(RA)before transseptal puncture,(2)in the left atrium(LA)through the transseptal sheath after transseptal puncture,(3)in the LA after removal of introducer sheath,and(4)in the RA after removal of introducer sheath.Transesophageal echocardiography was performed at three months to detect iASD.RESULTS Pressure in the RA increased significantly after removing the introducer sheath(P=0.034),whereas no difference was found in oxygen saturation in the RA(P=0.623).Pressure measurement in the LA showed no significant difference after re-moving the introducer sheath(P=0.718).Oxygen saturation in the LA also showed no significant difference(P=0.129).Follow-up transesophageal echocardiogram at 3 months revealed a persistent iASD in 4 patients(8.5%).CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that iASD after percutaneous LAAO does not result in significant shunts directly after the procedure,although a significant increase of mean right atrial pressure can be observed.Persistent iASDs after percutaneous LAAO seem to be relatively rare at three months.
文摘We are interested in a quantum mechanical system on a triply punctured two-sphere surface with hyperbolic metric. The bound states on this system are described by the Maass cusp forms （MCFs） which are smooth square integrable eigenfunctions of the hyperbolic Laplacian. Their discrete eigenvalues and the MCF are not known analytically. We solve numerically using a modified Hejhal and Then algorithm, which is suitable to compute eigenvalues for a surface with more than one cusp. We report on the computational results of some lower-lying eigenvalues for the triply punctured surface as well as providing plots of the MCF using GridMathematica.
文摘Cosyntropin has been reported to be effective in the treatment of post-dural puncture headaches, but there is a lack of data on its effectiveness. We compared the efficacy of cosyntropin with that of caffeine in the treatment of post-dural puncture headaches. We performed an interim analysis of a prospective, double blinded, trial of adult patients presenting to the emergency department with a post-dural puncture headache. Patients were randomized to receive either intravenous caffeine or intravenous cosyntropin. Values on a 100-mm visual analog scale （VAS） were recorded at 0, 60, and 120 minutes to assess pain. Rescue therapy was documented on the study data forms. Its effectiveness was determined by the need for this therapy. Thirty-seven patients were included and four patients were excluded from the analysis because of protocol violations or incomplete data. Analysis was based on intention-to-treat. Caffeine was 80% （95% CI 60-100%） effective and cosyntropin was 56% （95% CI 33-79%） effective in treating post-dural puncture headaches. The group＇s VAS scores at 0, 60, and 120 minutes were 80 mm, 41 mm, 31 mm for caffeine and 80 mm, 40 mm, 33 mm for cosyntropin, respectively （P=0.66）. Caffeine was not more effective than cosyntropin in treating patients with postdural puncture headaches, and there was no difference in the degree of pain relief on VAS assessment.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (No.62171051)。
文摘Puncturing has been recognized as a promising technology to cope with the coexistence problem of enhanced mobile broadband(eMBB) and ultra-reliable low latency communications(URLLC)traffic. However, the steady performance of eMBB traffic while meeting the requirements of URLLC traffic with puncturing is a major challenge in some realistic scenarios. In this paper, we pay attention to the timely and energy-efficient processing for eMBB traffic in the industrial Internet of Things(IIoT), where mobile edge computing(MEC) is employed for data processing. Specifically, the performance of eMBB traffic and URLLC traffic in a MEC-based IIoT system is ensured by setting the threshold of tolerable delay and outage probability, respectively. Furthermore,considering the limited energy supply, an energy minimization problem of eMBB device is formulated under the above constraints, by jointly optimizing the resource blocks(RBs) punctured by URLLC traffic, data offloading and transmit power of eMBB device. With Markov's inequality, the problem is reformulated by transforming the probabilistic outage constraint into a deterministic constraint. Meanwhile, an iterative energy minimization algorithm(IEMA) is proposed.Simulation results demonstrate that our algorithm has a significant reduction in the energy consumption for eMBB device and achieves a better overall effect compared to several benchmarks.
文摘We discuss the properties of incompressible pairwise incompressible surfaces in a knot complement by using twist crossing number. Let K be a pretzel knot or rational knot that its twistindex is less than 6, and let F be an incompressible pairwise incompressible surface in S 3-K. Then F is a punctured sphere.
基金This study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province （06021323）.
文摘BACKGROUND： Sepsis has become the greatest threat to in-patients, with a mortality of over 25%.The dysfunction of gut barrier, especially the immunological barrier, plays an important role in the development of sepsis. This dysfunction occurs after surgery, but the magnitude of change does not differentiate patients with sepsis from those without sepsis. Increased intestinal permeability before surgery is of no value in predicating sepsis. The present study aimed to observe the changes of intestinal mucosal immunologic barrier in rat models of sepsis induced by cecal ligation and puncture.METHODS： Sixty Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into a sepsis group （n=45） and a control group （n=15）. The rats in the sepsis group were subjected to cecal ligation and puncture （CLP）, whereas the rats in the control group underwent a sham operation. The ileac mucosa and segments were harvested 3, 6 and 12 hours after CLP, and blood samples were collected. Pathological changes, protein levels of defensin-5 （RD-5） and trefoil factor-3 （TFF3） mRNA, and lymphocytes apoptosis in the intestinal mucosa were determined. In an additional experiment, the gut-origin bacterial DNA in blood was detected.RESULTS： The intestinal mucosa showed marked injury with loss of ileal villi, desquamation of epithelium, detachment of lamina propria, hemorrhage and ulceration in the sepsis group. The expression of TFF3 mRNA and level of RD-5 protein were decreased and the apoptosis of mucosal lymphocyte increased （P〈0.05） in the sepsis group compared with the control group. Significant differences were observed in RD-5 and TFF3 mRNA 3 hours after CLP and they were progressively increased 6 and 12 hours after CLP in the sepsis group compared with the control group （P〈0.05, RD-5 F=11.76, TFF3 F=16.86 and apoptosis F=122.52）. In addition, the gut-origin bacterial DNA detected in plasma was positive in the sepsis group.CONCLUSION： The immunological function of the intestinal mucosa was impaired in septic rats and further deteriorated in the course of sepsis.
