Chloride ions(Cl^(-))have been shown to impact the long-lasting nature of reinforced concrete.However,Cl^(-)that are already bound inside the concrete will not lead to the deterioration of the concrete’s characterist...Chloride ions(Cl^(-))have been shown to impact the long-lasting nature of reinforced concrete.However,Cl^(-)that are already bound inside the concrete will not lead to the deterioration of the concrete’s characteristics.The composition of the cement-based material,including the type of cement and auxiliary materials,greatly influences the ability of the material to bind Cl^(-),and varied components result in varying binding beha-vior of the Cl^(-).Simultaneously,the Cl^(-)binding process in concrete is influenced by both the internal and exterior surroundings,as well as the curing practices.These factors impact the hydration process of the cement and the internal pore structure of the concrete.Currently,mathematical theories and molecular dynamics simulations have increasingly been employed as the prevalent methods for examining the binding behaviors of Cl^(-)in concrete.These techniques are extensively utilized for predicting the lifespan and conducting microscopic studies of reinforced concrete in Cl^(-)settings.This work proposes recommendations for future research based on a summary of experimental and simulation investigations on Cl^(-)binding.Which will offer theoretical guidance for studying the binding of Cl^(-)in cement-based materials.展开更多
Evaluation of Gamma Index Analysis for Detecting Errors in Patient-specific Quality Assurance in Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy Taylan Tugrul1(1.Department of Radiation Oncology,Medicine Faculty of Van Yüzü...Evaluation of Gamma Index Analysis for Detecting Errors in Patient-specific Quality Assurance in Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy Taylan Tugrul1(1.Department of Radiation Oncology,Medicine Faculty of Van YüzüncüYıl University,Van,Turkey)Abstract:Quality assurance practices performed before treatment are believed to identify various potential errors.In this study,2-dimensional(2D)dosimetric results were analyzed by making some intentional mistakes in six different treatment plans.In this way,the detectability of errors was investigated.In all segments of all treatment plans,one of the multileaf collimators was kept fixed at different positions on the central axis.In addition to multileaf collimators error,gantry error was also examined in the study.The dose distribution results obtained by Treatment Planning System(TPS)were compared with those obtained by the 2D array device,both as local calculation and global calculation methods,using the gamma analysis method.When the results are examined in the case where the Multi-leaf collimators(MLC)is fixed at the 1 cm position.展开更多
Background Agroecological cropping systems are recognised as an alternative way to ensure the sustainability of cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.) production in the context of climate change and degradation of soil fertili...Background Agroecological cropping systems are recognised as an alternative way to ensure the sustainability of cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.) production in the context of climate change and degradation of soil fertility. A study was conducted in Benin from 2020 to 2023 to compare six different cotton cultivars in three agroecological cropping systems in two cotton-growing zones. Plough-based tillage plus incorporation of cover crop biomass(PTI), conservation agriculture with strip tillage(CA_ST), and conservation agriculture with no tillage(CA_NT) were compared with the reference plough-based tillage(PT). The objective was to identify morpho-physiological traits of cotton that increase yield in agroecological cropping systems. Our approach combined a field experiment and crop simulation model(CSM) of CROPGRO-Cotton to evaluate the effects of genotype(G) × environment(E) × management(M) interactions on seed cotton yield(SCY).Results Cultivars Tamcot_camde and Okp768 and simulated ideotypes performed best in CA systems. Increased seed mass, large and thick leaves, and later maturity were identified as beneficial for yield enhancement in CA systems. Cultivars and ideotypes that combine these traits also resulted in better nitrogen and water use efficiencies in CA systems. Under different climate scenarios up to 2050, ideotypes designed could increase SCY in Benin.Conclusion A set of morpho-physiological traits associated with vegetative vigour is required to ensure a good SCY in agroecological cropping systems. These results provide scientific evidence and useful knowledge for breeders and research programmes on cropping systems focused on the adaptation of cotton to climate change.展开更多
Aims and scope Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics,keeping abreast with the development trend of science and technology worldwide,reports the latest develop-ments and achievements in both theoretical and pr...Aims and scope Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics,keeping abreast with the development trend of science and technology worldwide,reports the latest develop-ments and achievements in both theoretical and practical aspects of systems engineering,electronicsand related research areas.展开更多
IELTS conforms to the highest international standards of language assessment, testing four language skills-listening, reading, writing and speaking, which are equally weighted with scores reported on a 9-band scale of...IELTS conforms to the highest international standards of language assessment, testing four language skills-listening, reading, writing and speaking, which are equally weighted with scores reported on a 9-band scale of ability. Every candidate needs to take the same Listening and Speaking modules. The Speaking test of IELTS measures a candidate’s general proficiency in speaking in everyday situations via a structured, five-phase oral interview. As a performance test, the IELTS Speaking test has been one of the most important issues in the assessment of English proficiency. Assessment needs to be theory driven. For this reason, this paper will focus on validity, reliability and practicality of the IELTS Speaking test, qualities that affect assessment design.展开更多
Jane Austen begins Pride and Prejudice with "It is a truth universally acknowledged that, a single man in possession of a good fortune, must be in want of a wife."Hence, there is no doubt that marriage will ...Jane Austen begins Pride and Prejudice with "It is a truth universally acknowledged that, a single man in possession of a good fortune, must be in want of a wife."Hence, there is no doubt that marriage will be a central concern of Pride and Prejudice. In this novel, Austen depicted several types of marriage: Elizabeth and Darcy’s marriage which emphasized equality and independence, Jane and Bingley’s marriage for love’s sake, Charlotte Lucas and Mr. Collins’ practical marriage and the rash marriage between Lydia and Wickham. This thesis is focused on the practical marriage between Charlotte Lucas and Mr. Collins while further explores the reasons behind their pragmatism.展开更多
Suppression of Lithium Dendrite Growth Using Cross-Linked Polyethylene/Poly（ethylene oxide）Electrolytes：A New Approach for Practical Lithium-Metal Polymer Batteries R.Khurana,J.L.Schaefer,L.A.Archer,G.W.Coates J.Am...Suppression of Lithium Dendrite Growth Using Cross-Linked Polyethylene/Poly（ethylene oxide）Electrolytes：A New Approach for Practical Lithium-Metal Polymer Batteries R.Khurana,J.L.Schaefer,L.A.Archer,G.W.Coates J.Am.Chem.Soc.DOI：10.1021/ja502133j将聚乙烯和聚氧乙烯的交联共聚物用作金属锂电池隔膜,不仅获得较高的离子电导率,还可抑制锂枝晶的生长.展开更多
文摘Chloride ions(Cl^(-))have been shown to impact the long-lasting nature of reinforced concrete.However,Cl^(-)that are already bound inside the concrete will not lead to the deterioration of the concrete’s characteristics.The composition of the cement-based material,including the type of cement and auxiliary materials,greatly influences the ability of the material to bind Cl^(-),and varied components result in varying binding beha-vior of the Cl^(-).Simultaneously,the Cl^(-)binding process in concrete is influenced by both the internal and exterior surroundings,as well as the curing practices.These factors impact the hydration process of the cement and the internal pore structure of the concrete.Currently,mathematical theories and molecular dynamics simulations have increasingly been employed as the prevalent methods for examining the binding behaviors of Cl^(-)in concrete.These techniques are extensively utilized for predicting the lifespan and conducting microscopic studies of reinforced concrete in Cl^(-)settings.This work proposes recommendations for future research based on a summary of experimental and simulation investigations on Cl^(-)binding.Which will offer theoretical guidance for studying the binding of Cl^(-)in cement-based materials.
文摘Evaluation of Gamma Index Analysis for Detecting Errors in Patient-specific Quality Assurance in Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy Taylan Tugrul1(1.Department of Radiation Oncology,Medicine Faculty of Van YüzüncüYıl University,Van,Turkey)Abstract:Quality assurance practices performed before treatment are believed to identify various potential errors.In this study,2-dimensional(2D)dosimetric results were analyzed by making some intentional mistakes in six different treatment plans.In this way,the detectability of errors was investigated.In all segments of all treatment plans,one of the multileaf collimators was kept fixed at different positions on the central axis.In addition to multileaf collimators error,gantry error was also examined in the study.The dose distribution results obtained by Treatment Planning System(TPS)were compared with those obtained by the 2D array device,both as local calculation and global calculation methods,using the gamma analysis method.When the results are examined in the case where the Multi-leaf collimators(MLC)is fixed at the 1 cm position.
基金supported by the Benin Cotton Research Institute (IRC)the Cotton Interprofessional Association (AIC)+1 种基金the French Agricultural Research Centre for International Development (CIRAD)the TAZCO_(2) project (Transition Agroécologique des Zones Cotonnières du Bénin),which is funded by the Republic of Benin and the French Development Agency (AFD)。
文摘Background Agroecological cropping systems are recognised as an alternative way to ensure the sustainability of cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.) production in the context of climate change and degradation of soil fertility. A study was conducted in Benin from 2020 to 2023 to compare six different cotton cultivars in three agroecological cropping systems in two cotton-growing zones. Plough-based tillage plus incorporation of cover crop biomass(PTI), conservation agriculture with strip tillage(CA_ST), and conservation agriculture with no tillage(CA_NT) were compared with the reference plough-based tillage(PT). The objective was to identify morpho-physiological traits of cotton that increase yield in agroecological cropping systems. Our approach combined a field experiment and crop simulation model(CSM) of CROPGRO-Cotton to evaluate the effects of genotype(G) × environment(E) × management(M) interactions on seed cotton yield(SCY).Results Cultivars Tamcot_camde and Okp768 and simulated ideotypes performed best in CA systems. Increased seed mass, large and thick leaves, and later maturity were identified as beneficial for yield enhancement in CA systems. Cultivars and ideotypes that combine these traits also resulted in better nitrogen and water use efficiencies in CA systems. Under different climate scenarios up to 2050, ideotypes designed could increase SCY in Benin.Conclusion A set of morpho-physiological traits associated with vegetative vigour is required to ensure a good SCY in agroecological cropping systems. These results provide scientific evidence and useful knowledge for breeders and research programmes on cropping systems focused on the adaptation of cotton to climate change.
文摘Aims and scope Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics,keeping abreast with the development trend of science and technology worldwide,reports the latest develop-ments and achievements in both theoretical and practical aspects of systems engineering,electronicsand related research areas.
文摘IELTS conforms to the highest international standards of language assessment, testing four language skills-listening, reading, writing and speaking, which are equally weighted with scores reported on a 9-band scale of ability. Every candidate needs to take the same Listening and Speaking modules. The Speaking test of IELTS measures a candidate’s general proficiency in speaking in everyday situations via a structured, five-phase oral interview. As a performance test, the IELTS Speaking test has been one of the most important issues in the assessment of English proficiency. Assessment needs to be theory driven. For this reason, this paper will focus on validity, reliability and practicality of the IELTS Speaking test, qualities that affect assessment design.
文摘Jane Austen begins Pride and Prejudice with "It is a truth universally acknowledged that, a single man in possession of a good fortune, must be in want of a wife."Hence, there is no doubt that marriage will be a central concern of Pride and Prejudice. In this novel, Austen depicted several types of marriage: Elizabeth and Darcy’s marriage which emphasized equality and independence, Jane and Bingley’s marriage for love’s sake, Charlotte Lucas and Mr. Collins’ practical marriage and the rash marriage between Lydia and Wickham. This thesis is focused on the practical marriage between Charlotte Lucas and Mr. Collins while further explores the reasons behind their pragmatism.
文摘Suppression of Lithium Dendrite Growth Using Cross-Linked Polyethylene/Poly（ethylene oxide）Electrolytes：A New Approach for Practical Lithium-Metal Polymer Batteries R.Khurana,J.L.Schaefer,L.A.Archer,G.W.Coates J.Am.Chem.Soc.DOI：10.1021/ja502133j将聚乙烯和聚氧乙烯的交联共聚物用作金属锂电池隔膜,不仅获得较高的离子电导率,还可抑制锂枝晶的生长.
