A total of 60 crossbred(Large White×Landrace) pigs of halothane genotype NN(castrated males and females) were allotted to three treatments:3 h lairage with toys,3 h lairage and 0 h lairage in a randomized complet...A total of 60 crossbred(Large White×Landrace) pigs of halothane genotype NN(castrated males and females) were allotted to three treatments:3 h lairage with toys,3 h lairage and 0 h lairage in a randomized complete block design and used to evaluate the influence of lairage conditions on behavior, biochemical indicators and meat quality for finishing pigs at slaughter.Behavior of the pigs was scored subjectively during lairage.Blood samples were taken at exsanguination s to measure blood temperature, plasma Cortisol,ACTH,glucose,lactate,plasma enzymes and hematological indices.Post-mortem meat quality measurements included muscle colour value(MCV),electrical conductivity(EC),pH at 45 min and 24 h from Longissimus thoracis(LM) and Semimembranosus(SM) mucles and drip loss from LM. The results showed that 3 h lairage group with toys demonstrated significantly improved behavior than the group without toys at 3 sampling times.All the pigs showed increasing calmness as the time of lairage progressed.The omission of lairage increased plasma Cortisol,ACTH,glucose and lactate(P【0.05),and decreased plasma lactate dehydrogenase(LDH),and creatine kinase(CK)(P【0.05).No biochemical index was influenced by the presence or absence of toys during lairage(P【0.05).Muscle colour value, electrical conductivity,pH at 45 min and 24 h from LM and SM and drip loss were not affected by any treatment(P【0.05).Pigs provided 3 h lairage,with or without toys,exhibited lower red blood cell(RBC), hemoglobin(HGB),and haematocrit(HCT) when compared to 0 h lairage.3 h lairage with or without toys resulted in higher white blood cell(WBC) and lymphocyte(W-SCC) levels than 0 h lairage.None of the hemocytic indices in pigs given lairage was affected by the presence or absence of toys.We conclude from this pilot study that in local commercial conditions,from the point of view of animal welfare and meat quality,lairage time of 3 h after short travel was beneficial.Pigs resting showed increased relief from stress and a recovery in immune competence.Holding pigs in lairage with toys for a few hours after arrival at the abattoir may be beneficial for the animal’s well-being.展开更多
To investigate the dynamic changes of eosinophilic accumulation and apoptosis in the airway of asthmatic guinea pigs and explore the significance of eosinophilic apoptosis in eosinophilia. Methods: we made a detailed ...To investigate the dynamic changes of eosinophilic accumulation and apoptosis in the airway of asthmatic guinea pigs and explore the significance of eosinophilic apoptosis in eosinophilia. Methods: we made a detailed examination of the histology, cytology and apoptosis in the airway up to 7 d after antigen challenge. Apoptosis was assessed with in situ tailing. Results: The findings were as follows: ① After antigen challenge, eosinophil infiltration in the bronchi was the most serious from & to 24 h and then declined. ② Eosinophilia was remarkable in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and bronchial tissue at 8 h,peaked during 24 to 72 h and persisted for 7 days at least. ③ Eosinophilia was accompanied by epithelia damage and subepithelial edema. ④ The apoptosis rate of eosinophils in BALF was significantly lower in the asthmatic guinea pigs than in the normal controls (P<0. 05 ). Conclusion: These findings suggest that the apoptosis of eosinophils in asthmatic guinea pigs is inhibited, which may contribute to protracted course of eosinophilia in the airway.展开更多
The mean length of the stria vascularis (SV) and the basilar membrane of four normalguinea pigs measured by means of surface preparation was 21.11 mm and 19. 90 mm respectively,and the mean width of their apical turns...The mean length of the stria vascularis (SV) and the basilar membrane of four normalguinea pigs measured by means of surface preparation was 21.11 mm and 19. 90 mm respectively,and the mean width of their apical turns of SV and the turns of the cochlear basis was 0. 44 mmand 0. 86 mm respectively. The ultrastructure of SV, spiral ligament (SL) and spiral prominence(SP) of both ears of eight guinea pigs were observed by scanning electron microscopy(SEM) andtransmission electron microsoopy(TEM). There were a large number of coated vesicles in thesupranuclear region of SV, some opened to the endolymph. A great number of folding cytoplasmicprojections were filled with small vesicles The capillary network was extremely rich indicating thatthe endolymph could be secreted and absorbed by SV. The cellular conjunction in the SV. SL andSP formed an effective barrier. It has not been proved in this study that the melanin offers resistanceto acoustic stimulation.展开更多
The auditory brainstem response (ABR) was measured for 90 cars of norml gui-nea pigs,from which the mean latency,amplitude and recognition of waves were obtain-ded.The waves were classified into six types,with wave Ⅲ...The auditory brainstem response (ABR) was measured for 90 cars of norml gui-nea pigs,from which the mean latency,amplitude and recognition of waves were obtain-ded.The waves were classified into six types,with wave Ⅲ as the main wave which ac-counted for 77.1% of all the waves.The frequency domain of each type was analysed bymeans of digital filtering and auto-regressive (AR)estimation.The main frequency com-position of ABR in the guinea pigs was restricted within 1600 Hz,in which there werethree peaks at AR spectrum,the mean value of the peaks being 107.33 Hz,566.67 Hzand 1076 Hz respectively.The AR spectrograms of all types waves were very similar toeach other.展开更多
Objective: To study the effect of vancomycin (V) with multiple intravenous injections on the inner ear of albino guinea pigs. Methods: Three groups of animals were injected with vancomycin hydrochloride (54, 108, 216 ...Objective: To study the effect of vancomycin (V) with multiple intravenous injections on the inner ear of albino guinea pigs. Methods: Three groups of animals were injected with vancomycin hydrochloride (54, 108, 216 mg/kg respectively once a day for 14 d). Two groups were treated with gentamycin (GM) (80 mg·kg -1 ·d -1 ) and saline respectively as control groups. Auditory brainstem responses (ABR) and the duration of post-rotatory nystagmus (PRN) were measured before and after administration. Surface preparation and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the cochlea were performed for histological examination. Results: In V 54, 108 mg/kg group, similar to saline control, there was 0-1.1 dB of threshold shift. In V 216 mg/kg group, average hearing loss was 1.0-5.7 dB immediately after administration and 1.3-3.8 dB after 14 d, which was significantly lower than those in GM control group. As the saline control, no significant difference was found in PRN in all V groups before and after treatment; while in the GM group, PRN decreased significantly after treatment. Morphological evaluation demonstrated that in all V and saline animals there was no obvious missing of outer and inner hair cells and SEM showed normal surface morphology. In the GM group, there was 10%-30% of outer and inner hair cells lost in the basal turn. Conclusion: The ototoxicity of vancomycin is absent or minimal after multiple introvenous administration within this dose range.展开更多
Guinea pig model of asthma was established with the sensitization of the animals with aerosolized ovalbumin. A group of asthmatic guinea pigs were treated with tripholide. It was found that the airway responsiveness t...Guinea pig model of asthma was established with the sensitization of the animals with aerosolized ovalbumin. A group of asthmatic guinea pigs were treated with tripholide. It was found that the airway responsiveness to histamine was markedly higher in the asthmatic group than in the control. The total cell count, absolute eosinophil count, percentage of hypodense eosinophils and the level of eosinophil viability enhancing activity in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were significantly higher in the asthmatic group than in the control. The percentage of hypodense eosinophils and absolute eosinophil count were in close correlation with airway responsiveness (r= -0. 76 and - 0. 88, P <0. 05 and 0. 01 respectively). Treatment of the asthmatic guinea pigs with tripholide (8 μg/kg, given orally for 7 d) significantly reduced the airway responsiveness and decreased the percentage of hypodense eosinophils and the level of eosinophil viability enhancing activity but eosinophilia in BALF was not affected. It was concluded that tripholide exerts its effects to decrease airway responsiveness in asthma through its action to reduce active hypodense eosinophils.展开更多
Objective: To investigate the distribution of substance P receptor (SPR) in the brainstem auditorycentre and medial geniculate body (MGB) of guinea pigs. Methods: Rabbit antiserum against SPR, immunohistochemical meth...Objective: To investigate the distribution of substance P receptor (SPR) in the brainstem auditorycentre and medial geniculate body (MGB) of guinea pigs. Methods: Rabbit antiserum against SPR, immunohistochemical method and glucose-oxidase-DAB-nickle technique were used in this study. Results:SPR-positiveneurons, fibers and terminals were distributed widely in the cochlear nucleus, superior olive complex,inferiorcolliculus and MGB. In the cochlear nucleus, SPR-positive neurons were distributed mainly in the ventralcochlear nucleus (VCN). SPR-positive products were located predominately on the cell membrane. The density of positive terminals in the dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN) was higher than that in the ventral cochlear nucleus. The distribution pattern of SPR-positive products in the superior olive complex had distinct characteristics. SPR-positive fibers, terminals and neurons were also found, but the number of positive neurons wasfewer. The density of SPR-positive fibers and terminals in the MGB was quite high. Conclusion:SP may participate in transmitting sound messages in brainstem auditory centre and MGB of the guinea pig.展开更多
基金supported financially by the project‘Research and Development on Technology and Key Equipment for New Type of Industrialized and Healthy Animal Husbandry'funded by the Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology(2006BAD 14B02-6)11th Five Years Key Programs for Science and Technology Development of China(2006BAD01A08-07)+1 种基金Hubei Province Key Project of Science and Technology (2006AA201B24)Wuhan City Key Project of Industrialization(200720112026)
文摘A total of 60 crossbred(Large White×Landrace) pigs of halothane genotype NN(castrated males and females) were allotted to three treatments:3 h lairage with toys,3 h lairage and 0 h lairage in a randomized complete block design and used to evaluate the influence of lairage conditions on behavior, biochemical indicators and meat quality for finishing pigs at slaughter.Behavior of the pigs was scored subjectively during lairage.Blood samples were taken at exsanguination s to measure blood temperature, plasma Cortisol,ACTH,glucose,lactate,plasma enzymes and hematological indices.Post-mortem meat quality measurements included muscle colour value(MCV),electrical conductivity(EC),pH at 45 min and 24 h from Longissimus thoracis(LM) and Semimembranosus(SM) mucles and drip loss from LM. The results showed that 3 h lairage group with toys demonstrated significantly improved behavior than the group without toys at 3 sampling times.All the pigs showed increasing calmness as the time of lairage progressed.The omission of lairage increased plasma Cortisol,ACTH,glucose and lactate(P【0.05),and decreased plasma lactate dehydrogenase(LDH),and creatine kinase(CK)(P【0.05).No biochemical index was influenced by the presence or absence of toys during lairage(P【0.05).Muscle colour value, electrical conductivity,pH at 45 min and 24 h from LM and SM and drip loss were not affected by any treatment(P【0.05).Pigs provided 3 h lairage,with or without toys,exhibited lower red blood cell(RBC), hemoglobin(HGB),and haematocrit(HCT) when compared to 0 h lairage.3 h lairage with or without toys resulted in higher white blood cell(WBC) and lymphocyte(W-SCC) levels than 0 h lairage.None of the hemocytic indices in pigs given lairage was affected by the presence or absence of toys.We conclude from this pilot study that in local commercial conditions,from the point of view of animal welfare and meat quality,lairage time of 3 h after short travel was beneficial.Pigs resting showed increased relief from stress and a recovery in immune competence.Holding pigs in lairage with toys for a few hours after arrival at the abattoir may be beneficial for the animal’s well-being.
文摘To investigate the dynamic changes of eosinophilic accumulation and apoptosis in the airway of asthmatic guinea pigs and explore the significance of eosinophilic apoptosis in eosinophilia. Methods: we made a detailed examination of the histology, cytology and apoptosis in the airway up to 7 d after antigen challenge. Apoptosis was assessed with in situ tailing. Results: The findings were as follows: ① After antigen challenge, eosinophil infiltration in the bronchi was the most serious from & to 24 h and then declined. ② Eosinophilia was remarkable in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and bronchial tissue at 8 h,peaked during 24 to 72 h and persisted for 7 days at least. ③ Eosinophilia was accompanied by epithelia damage and subepithelial edema. ④ The apoptosis rate of eosinophils in BALF was significantly lower in the asthmatic guinea pigs than in the normal controls (P<0. 05 ). Conclusion: These findings suggest that the apoptosis of eosinophils in asthmatic guinea pigs is inhibited, which may contribute to protracted course of eosinophilia in the airway.
文摘The mean length of the stria vascularis (SV) and the basilar membrane of four normalguinea pigs measured by means of surface preparation was 21.11 mm and 19. 90 mm respectively,and the mean width of their apical turns of SV and the turns of the cochlear basis was 0. 44 mmand 0. 86 mm respectively. The ultrastructure of SV, spiral ligament (SL) and spiral prominence(SP) of both ears of eight guinea pigs were observed by scanning electron microscopy(SEM) andtransmission electron microsoopy(TEM). There were a large number of coated vesicles in thesupranuclear region of SV, some opened to the endolymph. A great number of folding cytoplasmicprojections were filled with small vesicles The capillary network was extremely rich indicating thatthe endolymph could be secreted and absorbed by SV. The cellular conjunction in the SV. SL andSP formed an effective barrier. It has not been proved in this study that the melanin offers resistanceto acoustic stimulation.
文摘The auditory brainstem response (ABR) was measured for 90 cars of norml gui-nea pigs,from which the mean latency,amplitude and recognition of waves were obtain-ded.The waves were classified into six types,with wave Ⅲ as the main wave which ac-counted for 77.1% of all the waves.The frequency domain of each type was analysed bymeans of digital filtering and auto-regressive (AR)estimation.The main frequency com-position of ABR in the guinea pigs was restricted within 1600 Hz,in which there werethree peaks at AR spectrum,the mean value of the peaks being 107.33 Hz,566.67 Hzand 1076 Hz respectively.The AR spectrograms of all types waves were very similar toeach other.
文摘Objective: To study the effect of vancomycin (V) with multiple intravenous injections on the inner ear of albino guinea pigs. Methods: Three groups of animals were injected with vancomycin hydrochloride (54, 108, 216 mg/kg respectively once a day for 14 d). Two groups were treated with gentamycin (GM) (80 mg·kg -1 ·d -1 ) and saline respectively as control groups. Auditory brainstem responses (ABR) and the duration of post-rotatory nystagmus (PRN) were measured before and after administration. Surface preparation and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the cochlea were performed for histological examination. Results: In V 54, 108 mg/kg group, similar to saline control, there was 0-1.1 dB of threshold shift. In V 216 mg/kg group, average hearing loss was 1.0-5.7 dB immediately after administration and 1.3-3.8 dB after 14 d, which was significantly lower than those in GM control group. As the saline control, no significant difference was found in PRN in all V groups before and after treatment; while in the GM group, PRN decreased significantly after treatment. Morphological evaluation demonstrated that in all V and saline animals there was no obvious missing of outer and inner hair cells and SEM showed normal surface morphology. In the GM group, there was 10%-30% of outer and inner hair cells lost in the basal turn. Conclusion: The ototoxicity of vancomycin is absent or minimal after multiple introvenous administration within this dose range.
文摘Guinea pig model of asthma was established with the sensitization of the animals with aerosolized ovalbumin. A group of asthmatic guinea pigs were treated with tripholide. It was found that the airway responsiveness to histamine was markedly higher in the asthmatic group than in the control. The total cell count, absolute eosinophil count, percentage of hypodense eosinophils and the level of eosinophil viability enhancing activity in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were significantly higher in the asthmatic group than in the control. The percentage of hypodense eosinophils and absolute eosinophil count were in close correlation with airway responsiveness (r= -0. 76 and - 0. 88, P <0. 05 and 0. 01 respectively). Treatment of the asthmatic guinea pigs with tripholide (8 μg/kg, given orally for 7 d) significantly reduced the airway responsiveness and decreased the percentage of hypodense eosinophils and the level of eosinophil viability enhancing activity but eosinophilia in BALF was not affected. It was concluded that tripholide exerts its effects to decrease airway responsiveness in asthma through its action to reduce active hypodense eosinophils.
文摘Objective: To investigate the distribution of substance P receptor (SPR) in the brainstem auditorycentre and medial geniculate body (MGB) of guinea pigs. Methods: Rabbit antiserum against SPR, immunohistochemical method and glucose-oxidase-DAB-nickle technique were used in this study. Results:SPR-positiveneurons, fibers and terminals were distributed widely in the cochlear nucleus, superior olive complex,inferiorcolliculus and MGB. In the cochlear nucleus, SPR-positive neurons were distributed mainly in the ventralcochlear nucleus (VCN). SPR-positive products were located predominately on the cell membrane. The density of positive terminals in the dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN) was higher than that in the ventral cochlear nucleus. The distribution pattern of SPR-positive products in the superior olive complex had distinct characteristics. SPR-positive fibers, terminals and neurons were also found, but the number of positive neurons wasfewer. The density of SPR-positive fibers and terminals in the MGB was quite high. Conclusion:SP may participate in transmitting sound messages in brainstem auditory centre and MGB of the guinea pig.
