Phylogenetic relationships of Arundinaria and related genera (Pleioblastus, Pseudosasa, Oligostachyum, Bashania, Clavinodum, etc.) were assessed by analyzing the sequences of the nrDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS...Phylogenetic relationships of Arundinaria and related genera (Pleioblastus, Pseudosasa, Oligostachyum, Bashania, Clavinodum, etc.) were assessed by analyzing the sequences of the nrDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and the cpDNA trnL-F intergenic spacer (IGS). Comparison with trnL-F IGS sequence, the ITS region provided the higher number of parsimony informative characters, and the interspecific variation of the ITS sequence was higher than that of the trnL-F IGS sequence.The tree obtained by combining both sets of data showed that the species sampled in Arundinaria and the related genera were monophyletic and divided into two clades. The relationships and positioning of all the taxa surveryed (including A. oleosa, A. hsienchuensis, A. chino, A. amara, A. yixingensis, A. amabilis, A. fortunei, A. pygmaea, A. gramineus, A. fargesii, A. faberi, A. hupehense, Pseudosasa japonica cv. Tsutsumiana, P. japonica and Brachystachyum densiflorum) were also discussed. The results from the sequences were broadly consistent with morphological characters, appearing all these taxa sampled belong to the genus of Arundinaria. The topologies of the trees generated from individual data and the combined data were similar.展开更多
The genus Armeniaca Scop. is well known for its popular cultivated edible fruit trees such as Armeniaca vul- garis Lam. and ornamental flowers such as A. mume Sieb. Another species, A. cathayana Fu et al., one of six ...The genus Armeniaca Scop. is well known for its popular cultivated edible fruit trees such as Armeniaca vul- garis Lam. and ornamental flowers such as A. mume Sieb. Another species, A. cathayana Fu et al., one of six important dry fruits （kernel-using apricot）, is cultivated for its edible seeds in North China. In the present study, DNA from 70 individuals of A rmeniaca, including 38 of A. cathayana, 18 ofA. vulgaris, 12 ofA. sibirica, 1 ofA. dasycarpa and 1 of A. mume, was extracted and analyzed using microsatellites and capillary electrophoresis. For 20 polymorphic loci selected, 339 alleles and 140.7 effective alleles were detected. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 8 to 28, with an average of 16.95 alleles per locus. The observed heterozygosity （Ho） and the expected heterozygosity （He） ranged from 0.427 to 0.971 and from 0.737 to 0.912, respectively. The polymorphism information content varied from 0.708 to0.905, with an average of 0.827. Based on the genetic similarity among 70 individuals, a UPGMA was used to establish the phylogenetic relationships. The taxonomic positions among five species were clearly revealed, and A. cathayana was more closely related to A. vulgaris than to A. sibirica. The results will provide a scientific basis for research on the taxonomy, germplasm resources and breeding ofArmeniaca, especially for A. cathayana.展开更多
The phylogenetic relationships of four ciliate genera （Urostyla, Euplotes, Stylonychia and Pseudokeronopsis）, which also are the important environment inspection species, were analyzed by the comparison of small sub...The phylogenetic relationships of four ciliate genera （Urostyla, Euplotes, Stylonychia and Pseudokeronopsis）, which also are the important environment inspection species, were analyzed by the comparison of small subunit ribosomal RNA gene sequences. Euplotes appeared as an early branching group whose divergence from the hypotrichous line at a deep level was strongly supported by parsimony and matrix analyses. The analyses also supported the hypothesis that there were closely relationship between species in Urostyla and Holosticha. The sibling species Stylonychia mytilus and S. lemnae could be separated by the evolutionary analyses. Furthermore, Pseudokeronopsis rubra had relatively more closely relationship with the species in Holostichidae than that in Urostylidae based on the evolutionary distance value.展开更多
Larix resources in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau have important ecological and economic values.However,the lack of genetic diversity background and related research hinders the development of conservation strategies.In th...Larix resources in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau have important ecological and economic values.However,the lack of genetic diversity background and related research hinders the development of conservation strategies.In this study,genetic diversity and distribution of fi ve Larix species were investigated.Using 19 polymorphic microsatellite markers to study 272 representative individuals from 13 populations,the results show low genetic diversity at the population level,with variation explained mainly by diff erentiation among populations.The Larix populations were classifi ed into two clades,one formed by eight populations,including three of the species in this study,L.kongboensis,L.speciosa,and L.potaninii var.australis.The other clade consists of fi ve populations,including the other two species in this study,L.griffi thii and L.himalaica.Genetic distance of the species was aff ected by geographical isolation and genetic diversity was mainly aff ected by altitude.The area suitable for Larix spp.decreased during the Last Glacial Maximum compared to the current distribution according to the niche model,but should increase in future climate scenarios(2050s),expanding westward along the Himalayas.These results provide an important scientifi c basis for the development of conservation strategies and further the sustainable utilization of Larix resources in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.展开更多
Bamboo is nature＇s wonderful gift historically associated with the rural population of the Bodoland Territorial Area Districts.However,indiscriminate use of the resource and the ambiguity in the identification of bam...Bamboo is nature＇s wonderful gift historically associated with the rural population of the Bodoland Territorial Area Districts.However,indiscriminate use of the resource and the ambiguity in the identification of bamboos in the absence of flowering characters pose a potential risk to the bamboo germplasm.Therefore,we considered revising the taxonomic positions and phylogenetic relationships among 15 tropical bamboo species using 35 key morphological descriptors（MD） to assess the reliability of vegetative characters in identifying species.The phylogenetic tree constructed from the similarity matrix,derived from an unweighted pair group method of analysis（UPGMA） of the 35 MDs,marginally deviated from the conventional taxonomic positions of the bamboo species.While the two varieties,one forma of Bambusa vulgaris（var.Vittata,var.Vulgaris,fo.Waminii） and two species of the genus Dendrocalamus（D.giganteus and D.hamiltonii）clustered together in a single clade,and D.strictus was distantly placed from their congeners.This discrepancy with the conventional classification might have ensued since only vegetative characters such as culm anatomy,culm sheath,leaf,and leaf sheath were considered in the present study.While the phylogenetic relationship among the 15 tropical bamboos（computed from exhaustive MDs）grossly corroborate the conventional taxonomic grouping,a molecular-marker-based multidisciplinary approach should resolve the remaining conflicts in bamboo identification.展开更多
Species of the Pinus genus provide a classical model for studying hybrid speciation.Although studies on two narrowly distributed species(P inus funebris and P.takahasii)concluded that they originated from two widespre...Species of the Pinus genus provide a classical model for studying hybrid speciation.Although studies on two narrowly distributed species(P inus funebris and P.takahasii)concluded that they originated from two widespread species(P.sylvestris and P.densiflora)via hybrid speciation,the conclusion was based on a low number of informative restriction sites.In this study,we analyzed the sequences of four Pinus chloroplast(cp)genomes(P.sylvestris,P.densiflora,P.funebris and P.takahasii)to clarify whether hybrid speciation was involved.The complete cp-genomes of Pinus species ranged in size from 119,865 to 119,890 bp,similar to other Pinus species.Phylogenetic results based on the whole cp-genomes showed P.sylvestris clustered with P.funebris and P.takahasii,which suggested that P.sylvestris was the paternal parent in hybridization events.In an analysis of simple sequence repeats(SSRs),we detected a total of 69 SSRs repeats among the four Pinus cp-genomes;most were A or T bases.In addition,we identified divergent hotspot regions among the four Pinus cp-genomes(trnE-clpP,cemA-ycf4,petD-rpoA,psbD-trnT,and trnN-chlL),in P.sylvestris(psbD-trnT,trnN-chlL,psbB and rps8)and in P.densiflora(trnE-clpP,petD-rpoA,ycf3 intron,psbD-trnT,and trnN-chlL).The genome information found in this study provides new insights into hybrid speciation in P inus and contributes to a better understanding of the phylogenetic relationships within the Pinus genus.展开更多
文摘Phylogenetic relationships of Arundinaria and related genera (Pleioblastus, Pseudosasa, Oligostachyum, Bashania, Clavinodum, etc.) were assessed by analyzing the sequences of the nrDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and the cpDNA trnL-F intergenic spacer (IGS). Comparison with trnL-F IGS sequence, the ITS region provided the higher number of parsimony informative characters, and the interspecific variation of the ITS sequence was higher than that of the trnL-F IGS sequence.The tree obtained by combining both sets of data showed that the species sampled in Arundinaria and the related genera were monophyletic and divided into two clades. The relationships and positioning of all the taxa surveryed (including A. oleosa, A. hsienchuensis, A. chino, A. amara, A. yixingensis, A. amabilis, A. fortunei, A. pygmaea, A. gramineus, A. fargesii, A. faberi, A. hupehense, Pseudosasa japonica cv. Tsutsumiana, P. japonica and Brachystachyum densiflorum) were also discussed. The results from the sequences were broadly consistent with morphological characters, appearing all these taxa sampled belong to the genus of Arundinaria. The topologies of the trees generated from individual data and the combined data were similar.
基金financially supported by 948 Project(No.2011-4-37)Standardization Project(No.2013-LY-082) of The State Forestry Administration of China
文摘The genus Armeniaca Scop. is well known for its popular cultivated edible fruit trees such as Armeniaca vul- garis Lam. and ornamental flowers such as A. mume Sieb. Another species, A. cathayana Fu et al., one of six important dry fruits （kernel-using apricot）, is cultivated for its edible seeds in North China. In the present study, DNA from 70 individuals of A rmeniaca, including 38 of A. cathayana, 18 ofA. vulgaris, 12 ofA. sibirica, 1 ofA. dasycarpa and 1 of A. mume, was extracted and analyzed using microsatellites and capillary electrophoresis. For 20 polymorphic loci selected, 339 alleles and 140.7 effective alleles were detected. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 8 to 28, with an average of 16.95 alleles per locus. The observed heterozygosity （Ho） and the expected heterozygosity （He） ranged from 0.427 to 0.971 and from 0.737 to 0.912, respectively. The polymorphism information content varied from 0.708 to0.905, with an average of 0.827. Based on the genetic similarity among 70 individuals, a UPGMA was used to establish the phylogenetic relationships. The taxonomic positions among five species were clearly revealed, and A. cathayana was more closely related to A. vulgaris than to A. sibirica. The results will provide a scientific basis for research on the taxonomy, germplasm resources and breeding ofArmeniaca, especially for A. cathayana.
基金The research was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 30470201)
文摘The phylogenetic relationships of four ciliate genera （Urostyla, Euplotes, Stylonychia and Pseudokeronopsis）, which also are the important environment inspection species, were analyzed by the comparison of small subunit ribosomal RNA gene sequences. Euplotes appeared as an early branching group whose divergence from the hypotrichous line at a deep level was strongly supported by parsimony and matrix analyses. The analyses also supported the hypothesis that there were closely relationship between species in Urostyla and Holosticha. The sibling species Stylonychia mytilus and S. lemnae could be separated by the evolutionary analyses. Furthermore, Pseudokeronopsis rubra had relatively more closely relationship with the species in Holostichidae than that in Urostylidae based on the evolutionary distance value.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31660215)Major Scientific and Technological Projects of Guizhou Province ([2018]5261),China+1 种基金the Construction Project for First-Class Ecology Discipline in Guizhou (GNYL [2017] 007),Chinathe China Scholarship Council ([2021]15)
文摘Larix resources in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau have important ecological and economic values.However,the lack of genetic diversity background and related research hinders the development of conservation strategies.In this study,genetic diversity and distribution of fi ve Larix species were investigated.Using 19 polymorphic microsatellite markers to study 272 representative individuals from 13 populations,the results show low genetic diversity at the population level,with variation explained mainly by diff erentiation among populations.The Larix populations were classifi ed into two clades,one formed by eight populations,including three of the species in this study,L.kongboensis,L.speciosa,and L.potaninii var.australis.The other clade consists of fi ve populations,including the other two species in this study,L.griffi thii and L.himalaica.Genetic distance of the species was aff ected by geographical isolation and genetic diversity was mainly aff ected by altitude.The area suitable for Larix spp.decreased during the Last Glacial Maximum compared to the current distribution according to the niche model,but should increase in future climate scenarios(2050s),expanding westward along the Himalayas.These results provide an important scientifi c basis for the development of conservation strategies and further the sustainable utilization of Larix resources in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.
文摘Bamboo is nature＇s wonderful gift historically associated with the rural population of the Bodoland Territorial Area Districts.However,indiscriminate use of the resource and the ambiguity in the identification of bamboos in the absence of flowering characters pose a potential risk to the bamboo germplasm.Therefore,we considered revising the taxonomic positions and phylogenetic relationships among 15 tropical bamboo species using 35 key morphological descriptors（MD） to assess the reliability of vegetative characters in identifying species.The phylogenetic tree constructed from the similarity matrix,derived from an unweighted pair group method of analysis（UPGMA） of the 35 MDs,marginally deviated from the conventional taxonomic positions of the bamboo species.While the two varieties,one forma of Bambusa vulgaris（var.Vittata,var.Vulgaris,fo.Waminii） and two species of the genus Dendrocalamus（D.giganteus and D.hamiltonii）clustered together in a single clade,and D.strictus was distantly placed from their congeners.This discrepancy with the conventional classification might have ensued since only vegetative characters such as culm anatomy,culm sheath,leaf,and leaf sheath were considered in the present study.While the phylogenetic relationship among the 15 tropical bamboos（computed from exhaustive MDs）grossly corroborate the conventional taxonomic grouping,a molecular-marker-based multidisciplinary approach should resolve the remaining conflicts in bamboo identification.
基金funded by Kunyu Mountain National Nature Reserve Administration。
文摘Species of the Pinus genus provide a classical model for studying hybrid speciation.Although studies on two narrowly distributed species(P inus funebris and P.takahasii)concluded that they originated from two widespread species(P.sylvestris and P.densiflora)via hybrid speciation,the conclusion was based on a low number of informative restriction sites.In this study,we analyzed the sequences of four Pinus chloroplast(cp)genomes(P.sylvestris,P.densiflora,P.funebris and P.takahasii)to clarify whether hybrid speciation was involved.The complete cp-genomes of Pinus species ranged in size from 119,865 to 119,890 bp,similar to other Pinus species.Phylogenetic results based on the whole cp-genomes showed P.sylvestris clustered with P.funebris and P.takahasii,which suggested that P.sylvestris was the paternal parent in hybridization events.In an analysis of simple sequence repeats(SSRs),we detected a total of 69 SSRs repeats among the four Pinus cp-genomes;most were A or T bases.In addition,we identified divergent hotspot regions among the four Pinus cp-genomes(trnE-clpP,cemA-ycf4,petD-rpoA,psbD-trnT,and trnN-chlL),in P.sylvestris(psbD-trnT,trnN-chlL,psbB and rps8)and in P.densiflora(trnE-clpP,petD-rpoA,ycf3 intron,psbD-trnT,and trnN-chlL).The genome information found in this study provides new insights into hybrid speciation in P inus and contributes to a better understanding of the phylogenetic relationships within the Pinus genus.
