The study was designated to explore the physiological mechanism of cold tolerance enhanced by phosphate in rice. An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different levels of phosphate fertilizer on co...The study was designated to explore the physiological mechanism of cold tolerance enhanced by phosphate in rice. An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different levels of phosphate fertilizer on cold tolerance and its related physiological parameters in rice seedings （chilling-sensitive cv. Changbai 9 and chilling-tolerant cv. Jijing 81） under low temperature stress. At the same time, the identification of cold tolerance was conducted. Compared with the normal temperature treatment, the relative chlorophyll content, photosynthesis rate, Fv/Fm and qP decreased and index of unsaturated fatty acid increased in rice under low temperature stress. The effect of chilling-sensitive cultivars was more than that of chilling-tolerant cultivars, more phosphorus fertilizer properly improved seedling quality of rice, slowed relative chlorophyll content dropping degree of rice seeding, increased photosynthesis rate, Fv/Fm, qP and index of unsaturated fatty acids, and enhanced the ability to chilling-tolerant cultivars under low temperature. The effect on chilling-tolerant cultivars was significantly higher than that on chilling sensitive cultivars by applying more phosphorus fertilizer. Phosphate regulated photosynthetic physiology and membrane fluidity to reduce injury by low temperature, and increasd the cold tolerance capacity of rice.展开更多
为明确适当减磷对马铃薯淀粉合成和产量的影响,于2018—2019年在宁夏半干旱地区海原县进行单因素随机区组设计,以当地农民习惯施磷量240 kg hm^(-2)(RP)为相对对照,设置4个减磷处理:P25(180 kg hm^(-2),减少25%)、P50(120 kg hm^(-2),减...为明确适当减磷对马铃薯淀粉合成和产量的影响,于2018—2019年在宁夏半干旱地区海原县进行单因素随机区组设计,以当地农民习惯施磷量240 kg hm^(-2)(RP)为相对对照,设置4个减磷处理:P25(180 kg hm^(-2),减少25%)、P50(120 kg hm^(-2),减少50%)、P75(60 kg hm^(-2),减少75%)、CK(0 kg hm^(-2),不施磷肥作为绝对对照),通过分析淀粉积累、相关酶活性及产量的关系,为该区域马铃薯可持续生产提供技术支撑。结果表明,适当降低施磷量可以显著提高马铃薯淀粉含量,加快积累速度,从而提高总产量。其中P50较RP支链淀粉和总淀粉含量分别增加7.64%和7.76%,淀粉积累速率最大时的积累量(W_(max))、淀粉最大积累速率(G_(max))和淀粉平均积累速率(G_(mean))分别增加8.92%、29.90%和26.23%,马铃薯淀粉产量、总干物质质量及总产量分别增加53.39%、50.92%和25.62%;腺苷二磷酸葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶(AGP)、尿苷二磷酸葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶(UGP)、可溶性淀粉合成酶(SSS)、颗粒型淀粉合成酶(GBSS)和淀粉分支酶(SBE)活性则分别提高29.74%、26.88%、31.42%、33.56%和18.72%。主成分分析表明,2年各处理综合得分均表现为P50>P25>RP>P75>CK。马铃薯减磷50%(施磷量为120 kg hm^(-2))对其块茎淀粉合成关键酶活性、支链淀粉、直链淀粉和总淀粉含量均有显著提升作用,对各阶段各淀粉组成的积累速率有显著改善效果并能持续优化总淀粉的积累特性,进而提高淀粉产量、总干物质积累量及总产量,综合分析得出,在宁夏半干旱区推荐马铃薯最佳经济施磷范围为120~137 kg hm^(-2),从而达到绿色高产栽培的目的。展开更多
以河南省洛阳市长期定位试验为依托,对冬小麦-夏玉米种植体系中低施磷量处理(P1:45 kg P2O5/hm^(2))和高施磷量(P5:270 kg P_(2)O_(5)/hm^(2))处理土壤磷吸附-解吸特征进行了研究。结果表明:高磷处理显著提高了土壤速效磷质量比,达到了1...以河南省洛阳市长期定位试验为依托,对冬小麦-夏玉米种植体系中低施磷量处理(P1:45 kg P2O5/hm^(2))和高施磷量(P5:270 kg P_(2)O_(5)/hm^(2))处理土壤磷吸附-解吸特征进行了研究。结果表明:高磷处理显著提高了土壤速效磷质量比,达到了19.41 mg/kg,较低磷处理提高了189%。高磷处理土壤磷最大吸附量(Q)较低磷处理下降了17.62%,磷吸附饱和度(DPS)升至5.61%,虽然未超过25%的淋失临界值,但较低磷处理增加了253%。高磷处理土壤易解吸磷(RDP)含量较低磷处理也增加了157%,表明长期高施磷可能加剧磷素迁移风险。高磷处理与低磷处理间磷吸附亲和力常数(K)与最大缓冲容量(MBC)未显著变化,说明土壤磷吸附强度与缓冲能力相对稳定。需结合区域年降水量优化施磷策略,以平衡农业生产效益与生态安全。展开更多
为了从茶园根际筛选具有产吲哚乙酸(IAA)能力的解磷菌,从湖北省英山县和恩施土家族苗族自治州茶园采集根际土壤,通过平板透明圈法筛选解磷菌,以解磷活性及产IAA能力为指标进行复筛,通过形态特征及16 S rDNA序列分析等方法对菌株进行鉴...为了从茶园根际筛选具有产吲哚乙酸(IAA)能力的解磷菌,从湖北省英山县和恩施土家族苗族自治州茶园采集根际土壤,通过平板透明圈法筛选解磷菌,以解磷活性及产IAA能力为指标进行复筛,通过形态特征及16 S rDNA序列分析等方法对菌株进行鉴定并研究其促生特性。通过大田试验研究菌株对茶叶产量、品质及土壤性质等指标的影响。结果表明,从茶树根际土壤中筛选出的解磷菌DFP-24具有较好的产IAA能力,经鉴定为森林伯克霍尔德氏菌(Burkholderia arboris),同时菌株具有产铁载体、产1-氨基环丙烷-1-羧酸(ACC)脱氨酶和固氮等促生特性。大田试验表明,施加DFP-24菌株可提高茶芽密度,显著提高茶叶全磷含量,增加茶叶游离氨基酸含量,降低酚氨比,影响茶叶品质,同时还能改善土壤性质。综上所述,菌株DFP-24具有开发微生物菌肥的应用潜力,研究结果可为茶树专用根际促生菌肥的开发和应用提供菌种资源和理论依据。展开更多
基金Supported by the Special Agricultural Project of Agricultural Department (200903003)the Agricultural Modernization Project in the Science and Technology Development Plan of Jilin Province (2009-2010) the High-yield Project of Science and Technology Department (2011BAD16B10)
文摘The study was designated to explore the physiological mechanism of cold tolerance enhanced by phosphate in rice. An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different levels of phosphate fertilizer on cold tolerance and its related physiological parameters in rice seedings （chilling-sensitive cv. Changbai 9 and chilling-tolerant cv. Jijing 81） under low temperature stress. At the same time, the identification of cold tolerance was conducted. Compared with the normal temperature treatment, the relative chlorophyll content, photosynthesis rate, Fv/Fm and qP decreased and index of unsaturated fatty acid increased in rice under low temperature stress. The effect of chilling-sensitive cultivars was more than that of chilling-tolerant cultivars, more phosphorus fertilizer properly improved seedling quality of rice, slowed relative chlorophyll content dropping degree of rice seeding, increased photosynthesis rate, Fv/Fm, qP and index of unsaturated fatty acids, and enhanced the ability to chilling-tolerant cultivars under low temperature. The effect on chilling-tolerant cultivars was significantly higher than that on chilling sensitive cultivars by applying more phosphorus fertilizer. Phosphate regulated photosynthetic physiology and membrane fluidity to reduce injury by low temperature, and increasd the cold tolerance capacity of rice.
文摘为明确适当减磷对马铃薯淀粉合成和产量的影响,于2018—2019年在宁夏半干旱地区海原县进行单因素随机区组设计,以当地农民习惯施磷量240 kg hm^(-2)(RP)为相对对照,设置4个减磷处理:P25(180 kg hm^(-2),减少25%)、P50(120 kg hm^(-2),减少50%)、P75(60 kg hm^(-2),减少75%)、CK(0 kg hm^(-2),不施磷肥作为绝对对照),通过分析淀粉积累、相关酶活性及产量的关系,为该区域马铃薯可持续生产提供技术支撑。结果表明,适当降低施磷量可以显著提高马铃薯淀粉含量,加快积累速度,从而提高总产量。其中P50较RP支链淀粉和总淀粉含量分别增加7.64%和7.76%,淀粉积累速率最大时的积累量(W_(max))、淀粉最大积累速率(G_(max))和淀粉平均积累速率(G_(mean))分别增加8.92%、29.90%和26.23%,马铃薯淀粉产量、总干物质质量及总产量分别增加53.39%、50.92%和25.62%;腺苷二磷酸葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶(AGP)、尿苷二磷酸葡萄糖焦磷酸化酶(UGP)、可溶性淀粉合成酶(SSS)、颗粒型淀粉合成酶(GBSS)和淀粉分支酶(SBE)活性则分别提高29.74%、26.88%、31.42%、33.56%和18.72%。主成分分析表明,2年各处理综合得分均表现为P50>P25>RP>P75>CK。马铃薯减磷50%(施磷量为120 kg hm^(-2))对其块茎淀粉合成关键酶活性、支链淀粉、直链淀粉和总淀粉含量均有显著提升作用,对各阶段各淀粉组成的积累速率有显著改善效果并能持续优化总淀粉的积累特性,进而提高淀粉产量、总干物质积累量及总产量,综合分析得出,在宁夏半干旱区推荐马铃薯最佳经济施磷范围为120~137 kg hm^(-2),从而达到绿色高产栽培的目的。
文摘以河南省洛阳市长期定位试验为依托,对冬小麦-夏玉米种植体系中低施磷量处理(P1:45 kg P2O5/hm^(2))和高施磷量(P5:270 kg P_(2)O_(5)/hm^(2))处理土壤磷吸附-解吸特征进行了研究。结果表明:高磷处理显著提高了土壤速效磷质量比,达到了19.41 mg/kg,较低磷处理提高了189%。高磷处理土壤磷最大吸附量(Q)较低磷处理下降了17.62%,磷吸附饱和度(DPS)升至5.61%,虽然未超过25%的淋失临界值,但较低磷处理增加了253%。高磷处理土壤易解吸磷(RDP)含量较低磷处理也增加了157%,表明长期高施磷可能加剧磷素迁移风险。高磷处理与低磷处理间磷吸附亲和力常数(K)与最大缓冲容量(MBC)未显著变化,说明土壤磷吸附强度与缓冲能力相对稳定。需结合区域年降水量优化施磷策略,以平衡农业生产效益与生态安全。
文摘为了从茶园根际筛选具有产吲哚乙酸(IAA)能力的解磷菌,从湖北省英山县和恩施土家族苗族自治州茶园采集根际土壤,通过平板透明圈法筛选解磷菌,以解磷活性及产IAA能力为指标进行复筛,通过形态特征及16 S rDNA序列分析等方法对菌株进行鉴定并研究其促生特性。通过大田试验研究菌株对茶叶产量、品质及土壤性质等指标的影响。结果表明,从茶树根际土壤中筛选出的解磷菌DFP-24具有较好的产IAA能力,经鉴定为森林伯克霍尔德氏菌(Burkholderia arboris),同时菌株具有产铁载体、产1-氨基环丙烷-1-羧酸(ACC)脱氨酶和固氮等促生特性。大田试验表明,施加DFP-24菌株可提高茶芽密度,显著提高茶叶全磷含量,增加茶叶游离氨基酸含量,降低酚氨比,影响茶叶品质,同时还能改善土壤性质。综上所述,菌株DFP-24具有开发微生物菌肥的应用潜力,研究结果可为茶树专用根际促生菌肥的开发和应用提供菌种资源和理论依据。
