Five F2 segregation populations, derived from crosses between the susceptible japonica cultivars （cvs.） Kongyul31 and donor cvs. Aichi Asahi （AA）, BL1, Digu, Pai-kan-tao （PKT） and Oryzica Llanos 5 （ORL5）, were...Five F2 segregation populations, derived from crosses between the susceptible japonica cultivars （cvs.） Kongyul31 and donor cvs. Aichi Asahi （AA）, BL1, Digu, Pai-kan-tao （PKT） and Oryzica Llanos 5 （ORL5）, were used to evaluate their natural resistance to blast in cold region. The field test of their blast resistance was conducted in 858 Farm, which showed that Aichi Asahi, BL 1 and Digu were highly resistant to either leaf blast or neck blast and could be used to develop molecular breeding by design, and genetic analysis indicated that the field resistance of Aichi Asahi, BLland Digu to leaf blast and neck blast was controlled by a single dominant gene, and the leaf blast and neck blast resistance in the donor cv. Pai-kan-tao was inherited as a single recessive gene, the neck blast resistance of the donor cv. Oryzica Llanos 5 was controlled by a single recessive gene while its leaf blast resistance was not controlled by this gene. These results suggested that five parental varieties positively contributed to resistance to either leaf blast or neck blast and could be used to expand the genetic germplasms resistant to blast in cold region using molecular assisted selection.展开更多
【目的】亚社会性寄生蜂管氏肿腿蜂Sclerodermus guani具有典型的亲代抚育行为,并贯穿于子代整个发育过程。这种长时间的亲代投入虽然会牺牲亲代未来繁殖力,但能有效提高当前子代存活率,进而有利于种群繁衍,抚育与繁殖之间的权衡也意味...【目的】亚社会性寄生蜂管氏肿腿蜂Sclerodermus guani具有典型的亲代抚育行为,并贯穿于子代整个发育过程。这种长时间的亲代投入虽然会牺牲亲代未来繁殖力,但能有效提高当前子代存活率,进而有利于种群繁衍,抚育与繁殖之间的权衡也意味着该寄生蜂在亲代产出更多后代和抚育有限子代之间抉择,而亲代卵巢发育的可塑性是保障种群生殖利益的重要适应性机制,不仅调节着亲代对有限寄主资源的利用率,还能促进其后代的存活与发育。本研究旨在明确管氏肿腿蜂抚育前后及过程中的卵巢发育动态,为进一步揭示管氏肿腿蜂亲代抚育与生殖权衡的生理机理提供重要科学依据。【方法】在2日龄管氏肿腿蜂雌成蜂接入松墨天牛Monochamus alternatus寄主后经历取食寄主至产卵过程中(自接蜂起12 d内),定期解剖观察该雌成蜂卵巢发育相关数量性状(卵巢长度和宽度、卵巢指数、基部卵子长度和宽度及卵子数目)和腹部变化特征(腹部长度和宽度及腹部指数),对雌成蜂卵巢发育过程进行分级,明确雌成蜂腹部膨大期与卵巢发育的关联;并对比分析亲代抚育过程中不同生理状态下雌成蜂卵巢发育动态变化。【结果】根据卵巢色泽、卵黄沉积和卵子发生情况,将管氏肿腿蜂卵巢发育过程分为5个时期(5级),即乳白透明期(Ⅰ级)、卵黄沉积期(Ⅱ级)、成熟待产期(Ⅲ级)、产卵盛期(Ⅳ级)和产卵末期(Ⅴ级);与此过程相对应,观察到雌成蜂腹部表型有膨大变化的典型现象,分为5个阶段,即未膨大期、膨大初期、膨大期、膨大末期和膨大暂停期。雌成蜂腹部数量性状和卵巢数量性状(除基部卵子长度和宽度)都呈现先上升后下降的变化趋势。抚育前期,初羽化雌成蜂[即未取食处女雌成蜂(virgin females without feeding,VF)和未取食已交配雌成蜂(mated females without feeding,MF)]不怀卵,但取食且已交配的雌成蜂(mated females with feeding,MFF)卵巢发育逐渐明显;已交配的产卵初期雌成蜂(mated females in the early oviposition stage,MFEO)卵巢长度[(2871.31±80.17)μm]、卵巢宽度[(405.91±29.14)μm]、卵巢指数[(1.19±0.09)mm 2]、卵子数目[成熟卵子:(7.94±1.49)粒;未成熟卵子:(9.76±1.70)粒]均达最大值。抚育卵的雌成蜂(females caring for eggs,FCE)卵巢长度和宽度及卵巢指数显著高于抚育其他子代发育阶段。抚育卵的雌成蜂(FCE)、抚育低龄幼虫的雌成蜂(females caring for early instar larvae,FCEIL)、抚育老熟幼虫的雌成蜂(females caring for mature larva,FCML)和抚育后期茧蛹的雌成蜂(females caring for late pupal cocoon,FCLPC)卵巢内均怀卵,其余状态的雌成蜂不怀卵。在卵巢发育过程中,雌成蜂腹部指数和卵巢指数呈显著正相关关系。【结论】管氏肿腿蜂雌成蜂的卵巢发育与其取食和抚育有关,当补充营养之后亲代雌成蜂卵巢开始发育;而在抚育子代过程中,亲代雌成蜂虽具生殖力但卵巢发育受到抑制,进而保障其亲代抚育对子代存活及发育利益最大化。展开更多
基金Supported by the National Science and Technology Support Plan Project (2011BAD16B11)Heilongjiang Key Technologies R&D Program (GA09B106-2)Ph. D Programs Foundation of Northeast Agricultural University (2009RC09)
文摘Five F2 segregation populations, derived from crosses between the susceptible japonica cultivars （cvs.） Kongyul31 and donor cvs. Aichi Asahi （AA）, BL1, Digu, Pai-kan-tao （PKT） and Oryzica Llanos 5 （ORL5）, were used to evaluate their natural resistance to blast in cold region. The field test of their blast resistance was conducted in 858 Farm, which showed that Aichi Asahi, BL 1 and Digu were highly resistant to either leaf blast or neck blast and could be used to develop molecular breeding by design, and genetic analysis indicated that the field resistance of Aichi Asahi, BLland Digu to leaf blast and neck blast was controlled by a single dominant gene, and the leaf blast and neck blast resistance in the donor cv. Pai-kan-tao was inherited as a single recessive gene, the neck blast resistance of the donor cv. Oryzica Llanos 5 was controlled by a single recessive gene while its leaf blast resistance was not controlled by this gene. These results suggested that five parental varieties positively contributed to resistance to either leaf blast or neck blast and could be used to expand the genetic germplasms resistant to blast in cold region using molecular assisted selection.
文摘【目的】亚社会性寄生蜂管氏肿腿蜂Sclerodermus guani具有典型的亲代抚育行为,并贯穿于子代整个发育过程。这种长时间的亲代投入虽然会牺牲亲代未来繁殖力,但能有效提高当前子代存活率,进而有利于种群繁衍,抚育与繁殖之间的权衡也意味着该寄生蜂在亲代产出更多后代和抚育有限子代之间抉择,而亲代卵巢发育的可塑性是保障种群生殖利益的重要适应性机制,不仅调节着亲代对有限寄主资源的利用率,还能促进其后代的存活与发育。本研究旨在明确管氏肿腿蜂抚育前后及过程中的卵巢发育动态,为进一步揭示管氏肿腿蜂亲代抚育与生殖权衡的生理机理提供重要科学依据。【方法】在2日龄管氏肿腿蜂雌成蜂接入松墨天牛Monochamus alternatus寄主后经历取食寄主至产卵过程中(自接蜂起12 d内),定期解剖观察该雌成蜂卵巢发育相关数量性状(卵巢长度和宽度、卵巢指数、基部卵子长度和宽度及卵子数目)和腹部变化特征(腹部长度和宽度及腹部指数),对雌成蜂卵巢发育过程进行分级,明确雌成蜂腹部膨大期与卵巢发育的关联;并对比分析亲代抚育过程中不同生理状态下雌成蜂卵巢发育动态变化。【结果】根据卵巢色泽、卵黄沉积和卵子发生情况,将管氏肿腿蜂卵巢发育过程分为5个时期(5级),即乳白透明期(Ⅰ级)、卵黄沉积期(Ⅱ级)、成熟待产期(Ⅲ级)、产卵盛期(Ⅳ级)和产卵末期(Ⅴ级);与此过程相对应,观察到雌成蜂腹部表型有膨大变化的典型现象,分为5个阶段,即未膨大期、膨大初期、膨大期、膨大末期和膨大暂停期。雌成蜂腹部数量性状和卵巢数量性状(除基部卵子长度和宽度)都呈现先上升后下降的变化趋势。抚育前期,初羽化雌成蜂[即未取食处女雌成蜂(virgin females without feeding,VF)和未取食已交配雌成蜂(mated females without feeding,MF)]不怀卵,但取食且已交配的雌成蜂(mated females with feeding,MFF)卵巢发育逐渐明显;已交配的产卵初期雌成蜂(mated females in the early oviposition stage,MFEO)卵巢长度[(2871.31±80.17)μm]、卵巢宽度[(405.91±29.14)μm]、卵巢指数[(1.19±0.09)mm 2]、卵子数目[成熟卵子:(7.94±1.49)粒;未成熟卵子:(9.76±1.70)粒]均达最大值。抚育卵的雌成蜂(females caring for eggs,FCE)卵巢长度和宽度及卵巢指数显著高于抚育其他子代发育阶段。抚育卵的雌成蜂(FCE)、抚育低龄幼虫的雌成蜂(females caring for early instar larvae,FCEIL)、抚育老熟幼虫的雌成蜂(females caring for mature larva,FCML)和抚育后期茧蛹的雌成蜂(females caring for late pupal cocoon,FCLPC)卵巢内均怀卵,其余状态的雌成蜂不怀卵。在卵巢发育过程中,雌成蜂腹部指数和卵巢指数呈显著正相关关系。【结论】管氏肿腿蜂雌成蜂的卵巢发育与其取食和抚育有关,当补充营养之后亲代雌成蜂卵巢开始发育;而在抚育子代过程中,亲代雌成蜂虽具生殖力但卵巢发育受到抑制,进而保障其亲代抚育对子代存活及发育利益最大化。
