This paper presents a novel view of the impact of electron collision off-axis positions on the dynamic properties and relativistic nonlinear Thomson inverse scattering of excited electrons within tightly focused, circ...This paper presents a novel view of the impact of electron collision off-axis positions on the dynamic properties and relativistic nonlinear Thomson inverse scattering of excited electrons within tightly focused, circularly polarized laser pulses of varying intensities. We examine the effects of the transverse ponderomotive force, specifically how the deviation angle and speed of electron motion are affected by the initial off-axis position of the electron and the peak amplitude of the laser pulse. When the laser pulse intensity is low, an increase in the electron's initial off-axis distance results in reduced spatial radiation power, improved collimation, super-continuum phenomena generation, red-shifting of the spectrum's harmonic peak, and significant symmetry in the radiation radial direction. However, in contradiction to conventional understandings,when the laser pulse intensity is relatively high, the properties of the relativistic nonlinear Thomson inverse scattering of the electron deviate from the central axis, changing direction in opposition to the aforementioned effects. After reaching a peak, these properties then shift again, aligning with the previous direction. The complex interplay of these effects suggests a greater nuance and intricacy in the relationship between laser pulse intensity, electron position, and scattering properties than previously thought.展开更多
The propagation properties of the off-axis superposition of partially coherent beams through atmospheric turbulence and their beam quality in terms of the mean-squared beam width w（z） and the power in the bucket （...The propagation properties of the off-axis superposition of partially coherent beams through atmospheric turbulence and their beam quality in terms of the mean-squared beam width w（z） and the power in the bucket （PIB） are studied in detail, where the effects of partial coherence, off-axis beam superposition and atmospheric turbulence are considered. The analytical expressions for the intensity, the beam width and the PIB are derived, and illustrative examples are given numerically. It is shown that the maximum intensity/max and the PIB decrease and w（z） increases as the refraction index structure constant Cn^2 increases. Therefore, the turbulence results in a degradation of the beam quality. However, the resulting partially coherent beam with a smaller value of spatial correlation parameter γ and larger values of separate distance Xd and beam number M is less affected by the turbulence than that with a larger value of y and smaller values of Xd and M. The main results obtained in this paper are explained physically.展开更多
Based on a full vector-diffraction theory, a detailed theoretical study is carried out, aiming at providing a clear insight into the effects of different focusing and off-axis parabola parameters on far-field vector-d...Based on a full vector-diffraction theory, a detailed theoretical study is carried out, aiming at providing a clear insight into the effects of different focusing and off-axis parabola parameters on far-field vector-diffraction properties of an offaxis parabolic mirror in the presence of misalignments of the incoming beam. The physical origin of these effects is also explored. The results show that the far-field intensity profile is altered by the distortion-, coma-, and astigmatism-like aberrations, which are caused by oblique incidence rather than inherent aberrations for the off-axis configuration. The radius of 90% encircled energy also increases but does not change monotonically with incident beam size increasing, or rather,it first decreases and then increases. The focal shift strongly depends on the effective focal length and oblique incidence angle, but it is almost independent of the beam size, which affects the focusing spot patterns. The intensity distribution produces a higher astigmatic image with off-axis angle increasing. Coma-like aberration starts to become dominant with beam size increasing and results in larger curved propagation trajectory. The incident polarization also affects the intensity distribution. The variation in the Strehl ratio with oblique incidence angle strongly depends on the misalignment direction and beam size as well. In addition, we find that the difference in locus between the catacaustic and the diffraction focus in the meridian is small. But the locus of the sagittal foci is obviously different from the locus of the meridian foci and the catacaustic focus. Moreover, the peak intensity of the sagittal focus is maximum, and the ratio of the peak intensity to that in the meridian plane is approximately 1.5. Understanding these effects is valuable for assessing a practical focused intensity and describing the motion of charged particles under a strong electric field in ultraintense laser–matter interaction.展开更多
Dispersion control is crucial in optical systems,and chromatic aberration is an important factor affecting imaging quality in imaging systems.Due to the inherent property of materials,dispersion engineering is complex...Dispersion control is crucial in optical systems,and chromatic aberration is an important factor affecting imaging quality in imaging systems.Due to the inherent property of materials,dispersion engineering is complex and needs to trade off other aberration in traditional ways.Although metasurface offers an effective method to overcome these limits and results in well-engineered dispersion,off-axis dispersion control is still a challenging topic.In this paper,we design a single-layer metalens which is capable of focusing at three wavelengths(473 nm,532 nm,and 632 nm)with different incident angles(0°,-17°and 17°)into the same point.We also demonstrate that this metalens can provide an alternative for the bulky color synthetic prism in a 3-chips digital micromirror device(DMD)laser projection system.Through this approach,various off-axis dispersion controlling optical devices could be realized.展开更多
As a kind of special acoustic field, the helical wavefront of an acoustic vortex（AV） beam is demonstrated to have a pressure zero with phase singularity at the center in the transverse plane. The orbital angular mom...As a kind of special acoustic field, the helical wavefront of an acoustic vortex（AV） beam is demonstrated to have a pressure zero with phase singularity at the center in the transverse plane. The orbital angular momentum of AVs can be applied to the field of particle manipulation, which attracts more and more attention in acoustic researches. In this paper,by using the simplified circular array of point sources, dual coaxial AV beams are excited by the even-and odd-numbered sources with the topological charges of l_E and l_O based on the phase-coded approach, and the composite acoustic field with an on-axis center-AV and multiple off-axis sub-AVs can be generated by the superimposition of the AV beams for｜l_E｜ ≠ ｜l_O｜. The generation of edge phase dislocation is theoretically derived and numerically analyzed for l_E=-l_O. The numbers and the topological charges as well as the locations of the center-AV and sub-AVs are demonstrated, which are proved to be determined by the topological charges of the coaxial AV beams. The proposed approach breaks through the limit of only one on-axis AV with a single topological charge along the beam axis, and also provides the feasibility of off-axis particle trapping with multiple AVs in object manipulation.展开更多
The analytical expression of off-axis hollow Gaussian–Schell model vortex beam(HGSMVB)generated by anisotropic Gaussian–Schell model source is first introduced.The evolution properties of off-axis HGSMVB propagating...The analytical expression of off-axis hollow Gaussian–Schell model vortex beam(HGSMVB)generated by anisotropic Gaussian–Schell model source is first introduced.The evolution properties of off-axis HGSMVB propagating in turbulent atmosphere are analyzed.The results show that the off-axis HGSMVB with smaller coherence length or propagating in stronger turbulent atmosphere will evolve from dark hollow beam into Gaussian-like beam with a larger beam spot faster.The beams with different values of integer order N or the position for hollow and vortex factor R will have almost the same Gaussian-like spot distribution at the longer propagation distance.展开更多
This study established a novel method for the simultaneous detection of two-component gases.Radio frequency(RF)white noise disturbance laser current and wavelength modulation were simultaneously used to improve the of...This study established a novel method for the simultaneous detection of two-component gases.Radio frequency(RF)white noise disturbance laser current and wavelength modulation were simultaneously used to improve the off-axis integrated cavity output spectroscopy technique,and a high-precision dual modulation OA-ICOS(RF-WM-OA-ICOS)system was established.The two laser beams were coupled into one laser beam that was applied incident to the cavity of RF-WM-OA-ICOS system.The second harmonic signals of CH_(4)and CO_(2)gas simultaneously appeared in the rising or falling edge of a triangular wave.This method was used to measure CH_(4)and CO_(2)with different concentrations.The results indicated that the proposed system has high stability and can accurately and simultaneously measure the concentrations of CH_(4)and CO_(2),with an optimal integration time of 220 s.The minimum detection limit was 10 ppb for CH_(4)and 1.5 ppm for CO_(2).The corresponding noise equivalent absorption sensitivity values were calculated as 2.67×10^(-13)cm^(-1)·Hz^(-1/2)and 5.18×10^(-11)cm^(-1)·Hz^(-1/2),respectively.The proposed dual-component gas simultaneous detection method can also be used for high-precision simultaneous detection of other gases.Therefore,this study may serve as a reference for developing portable multicomponent gas analyzers.展开更多
The effects of trapped electrons on off-axis lower hybrid current drive （LHCD） in tokamaks are studied, A computer code for solving the Fokker-Planck equation in a toroidal geometry is developed and employed. The co...The effects of trapped electrons on off-axis lower hybrid current drive （LHCD） in tokamaks are studied, A computer code for solving the Fokker-Planck equation in a toroidal geometry is developed and employed. The code is suitable for various auxiliary heating and current drive schemes in tokamak plasmas. The influence of the resonance regime on the current drive efficiency as well as the influence of trapped particle fraction on the current drive efficiency are emphasized. It is shown that, as an electrostatic force, the lower hybrid wave causes some of the trapped electrons to be untrapped and lose their energy, which can cut the LHCD efficiency by about 30%. The ITER scaling law is also used to estimate the trapped electron effects.展开更多
Based on the vectorial Ftayleigh-Sommerfeld integral formula and the complex Gaussian expansion of the hardedge aperture function, an analytical propagation expression for a nonparaxial vectorial off-axis Lorentz beam...Based on the vectorial Ftayleigh-Sommerfeld integral formula and the complex Gaussian expansion of the hardedge aperture function, an analytical propagation expression for a nonparaxial vectorial off-axis Lorentz beam passing through a rectangular aperture is derived. The unapertured case, the far field expression and the scalar paraxial result are also presented as special cases of the general formulae, respectively. Some numerical examples are also given to show the propagation characteristics of a nonparaxial vectorial off-axis Lorentz beam through a rectangular aperture. It is indicated that the f parameter, the off-axis displacement and the truncation parameter all play an important role in determining nonparaxial propagation behaviour.展开更多
We study the interaction of a uniform, cold and collisional plasma with a test charged particle moving off-axis at a constant speed down a cylindrical tube with a resistive thick metallic wall. Upon matching the elect...We study the interaction of a uniform, cold and collisional plasma with a test charged particle moving off-axis at a constant speed down a cylindrical tube with a resistive thick metallic wall. Upon matching the electromagnetic field components at all interfaces, the induced monopole electromagnetic fields in the plasma are obtained in the frequency domain. An expression for the plasma electric resistance and reactance is derived and analyzed numerically for some representative parameters. Near the plasma resonant frequency, the plasma resistance evolves with frequency like a parallel RLC resonator with peak resistance at the plasma frequency pe, while the plasma reactance can be capacitive or inductive in nature depending on the frequency under consideration.展开更多
To improve the rotor off-axis response prediction, aerodynamic models must include the wake distortion effects of the maneuvering rotor. And the crux of the matter is to obtain a precise wake curvature parameter KR. A...To improve the rotor off-axis response prediction, aerodynamic models must include the wake distortion effects of the maneuvering rotor. And the crux of the matter is to obtain a precise wake curvature parameter KR. A Peters-He finite-state wake model is improved to incorporate the operating-state-dependent KR to embody maneuver-induced effects. The curvature parameter KR varies with rotor forward speed, thrust and maneuvering angular rate according to a smoking experiment. Moreover, aerodynamic force/moment experiment indicates that after a quasi-step angular input, both on-axis and off-axis rotor responses show that an overshoot and its amplitude increases with the pitching rate. The comparison between theoretical and experimental results shows that the operating-state-accurate curvature parameter must be adopted to obtain accurate aerodynamic forces/moments, especially for the off-axis response. Additionally, combined with a dynamic wake distortion model, the obtained correlation agrees well with experimental data.展开更多
为了获得高性能单晶金刚石探测器,综述了一种制备高质量单晶金刚石的方法。在制备过程中,尝试使用了Lift-off剥离技术,使衬底可重复利用,大大降低了金刚石材料的成本。研究表明,通过该方法制备的金刚石材料质量优于商用"电子器件级...为了获得高性能单晶金刚石探测器,综述了一种制备高质量单晶金刚石的方法。在制备过程中,尝试使用了Lift-off剥离技术,使衬底可重复利用,大大降低了金刚石材料的成本。研究表明,通过该方法制备的金刚石材料质量优于商用"电子器件级"金刚石;利用该类材料制作的金刚石探测器性能优异:对14 Me V中子和5.486 Me Vα粒子的能量分辨率分别达到1.5%和0.3%,电荷收集效率接近100%。展开更多
Rational designing of one-dimensional(1D)magnetic alloy to facilitate electromagnetic(EM)wave attenuation capability in low-frequency(2-6 GHz)microwave absorption field is highly desired but remains a significant chal...Rational designing of one-dimensional(1D)magnetic alloy to facilitate electromagnetic(EM)wave attenuation capability in low-frequency(2-6 GHz)microwave absorption field is highly desired but remains a significant challenge.In this study,a composite EM wave absorber made of a FeCoNi medium-entropy alloy embedded in a 1D carbon matrix framework is rationally designed through an improved electrospinning method.The 1D-shaped FeCoNi alloy embedded composite demonstrates the high-density and continuous magnetic network using off-axis electronic holography technique,indicating the excellent magnetic loss ability under an external EM field.Then,the in-depth analysis shows that many factors,including 1D anisotropy and intrinsic physical features of the magnetic medium-entropy alloy,primarily contribute to the enhanced EM wave absorption performance.Therefore,the fabricated EM wave absorber shows an increasing effective absorption band of 1.3 GHz in the low-frequency electromagnetic field at an ultrathin thickness of 2 mm.Thus,this study opens up a new method for the design and preparation of high-performance 1D magnetic EM absorbers.展开更多
Improving the atom utilization of metals and clarifying the M–M’interaction is both greatly significant in assembling high-performance ultra-light electromagnetic wave-absorbing materials.Herein,a high-temperature e...Improving the atom utilization of metals and clarifying the M–M’interaction is both greatly significant in assembling high-performance ultra-light electromagnetic wave-absorbing materials.Herein,a high-temperature explosion strategy has been successfully applied to assemble the hierarchical porous carbon sponge with Co–Fe decoration via the pyrolysis of the energetic metal organic framework.The as-constructed hybrid displays a superior reflection loss(RL)value of-57.7 d B and a specific RL value of-192 d B mg-1 mm-1 at 12.08 GHz with a layer thickness of 2.0 mm(loading of 15 wt%).The off-axis electron hologram characterizes the highly distributed numerous polarized nanodomain variable capacitors,demonstrating the dipole and interfacial polarization along the edges of the nanopores.More importantly,the X-ray absorption spectroscopy analysis verifies the mutual interaction between the metal cluster and carbon matrix and the electronic coupling responsible for the greatly improved electromagnetic wave absorption.展开更多
It is still a great challenge at present to combine the high rate capability of the electrochemical capacitor with the high electrochemical capacity feature of rechargeable battery in energy storage and transport devi...It is still a great challenge at present to combine the high rate capability of the electrochemical capacitor with the high electrochemical capacity feature of rechargeable battery in energy storage and transport devices. By studying the lithiation mechanism of Li_4Ti_5O_12 （LTO） using in-situ electron holography, we find that double charge layers are formed at the interface of the insulating Li_4Ti_5O_12 （Li_4） phase and the semiconducting Li_7Ti_5O_12 （Li_7） phase, and can greatly boost the lithiation kinetics. The electron wave phase of the LTO particle is found to gradually shrink with the interface movement, leaving a positive electric field from Li_7 to Li_4 phase. Once the capacitive interface charges are formed, the lithiation of the core/shell particle could be established within 10 s. The ultrafast kinetics is attributed to the built-in interface potential and the mixed Ti3＋/Ti4＋ sites at the interface that could be maximally lowering the thermodynamic barrier for Li ion migration.展开更多
This study presents an integrated method suitable for off-axis tension and compression testing in unidirectional composites,and its application to the testing of in-plane shear characterization.A new rotating-grip tes...This study presents an integrated method suitable for off-axis tension and compression testing in unidirectional composites,and its application to the testing of in-plane shear characterization.A new rotating-grip test fixture,incorporating the attractive features of the existing pinned-end fixture and hydraulic wedge grips,has been developed.The proposed gripping system consists of two sets of jaw faces,each with a pair of self-aligning bearings that allows for loading in the axial and radial directions.Finite element analysis and experiments were performed to evaluate the effectiveness of the rotating-grip test fixture.Results from numerical calculations show that this method reduces stress concentrations near the end and produces relatively uniform stress distributions in the specimen gage section.Mechanical testing results show a considerable increase in the measured shear properties of composites,compared with the existing end grip systems.The results indicated that the new test fixture is significantly better than the conventional fixture,and is also comparable to the method of the oblique end-tab for off-axis testing.展开更多
A full aperture backscattering light diagnostic system （FABLDS） implemented on the Shen Guang-Ⅲ Prototype Laser Facility is described in the paper. FABLDS measures both stimulated brillouin scattering （SBS） and s...A full aperture backscattering light diagnostic system （FABLDS） implemented on the Shen Guang-Ⅲ Prototype Laser Facility is described in the paper. FABLDS measures both stimulated brillouin scattering （SBS） and stimulated Raman scattering （SRS） with a series of optical detectors. Energy sensors record the integrated energy, and streak cameras coupled with spectrometers measure the temporal spectrum of the backscattering light. This paper provides an overview of the FABLDS and detailed descriptions of the optical path. Special components, including off-axis parabolic mirror, spatial filter and optical light filters, are incorporated along the beam path for purifying the scattering light. Several hohlraum targets were employed, including C5H12 gas-filled targets and empty targets in the experiments. Results presented in the paper indicate that the fraction of backscatter light has been obviously shrinked when the laser is smoothed by continuous phase plates （CPP）.展开更多
Simulation on the heating scenarios in experimental advanced superconducting tokamak （EAST） was performed by using a full wave code TORIC. The locations of resonance layers for these heating schemes are predicted an...Simulation on the heating scenarios in experimental advanced superconducting tokamak （EAST） was performed by using a full wave code TORIC. The locations of resonance layers for these heating schemes are predicted and the simulations for different schemes in ICRF experiments in EAST, for example, ion heating （both fundamental and harmonic frequency） or electron heating （by direct fast waves or by mode conversion waves）, on-axis or off-axis heating, and high- field-side （HFS） launching or low-field-side （LFS） launching, etc, were conducted. For the on-axis minority ion heating of 3He in D（3He） plasma, the impacts of both density and temperature on heating were discussed in the EAST parameter ranges.展开更多
Inward energy transport （pinch phenomenon） in the electron channel is observed in HT-7 plasmas using off-axis ion cyclotron resonance frequency （ICRF） heating. Experimental results and power balance transport anal...Inward energy transport （pinch phenomenon） in the electron channel is observed in HT-7 plasmas using off-axis ion cyclotron resonance frequency （ICRF） heating. Experimental results and power balance transport analysis by TRANSP code are presented in this article. With the aids of GLF23 and Chang-Hinton transport models, which predict energy diffusivity in experimental conditions, the estimated electron pinch velocity is obtained by experimental data and is found reasonably comparable to the results in the previous study, such as Song on Tore Supra. Density scanning shows that the energy convective velocity in the electron channel has a close relation to density scale length~ which is qualitatively in agreement with Wang＇s theoretical prediction. The parametric dependence of electron energy convective velocity on plasma current is still ambiguous and is worthy of future research on EAST.展开更多
In the highest-power chirped-pulse amplification lasers, the pulse must be stretched in time, amplified, compressed in a grating compressor and subsequently focused by off-axis parabola to obtain a high peak power. In...In the highest-power chirped-pulse amplification lasers, the pulse must be stretched in time, amplified, compressed in a grating compressor and subsequently focused by off-axis parabola to obtain a high peak power. In the optical terminal, the temporal and spatial effects of mismatched multigrating tiled compressor on the far-field pulse are critical factors to be analysed. In this paper, a k-space raytracing model is proposed for the temporal and spatial analyses of possible errors in a four-grating single-pass tiled compressor. The results show that the last grating affects mainly the partial focal spot, while the middle two gratings affect the temporal waveform, and the partial focal spot needs much higher error control than that in the temporal domain in a picosecond pulse compression.展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.10947170/A05 and 11104291)the Natural Science Fund for Colleges and Universities in Jiangsu Province (Grant No.10KJB140006)+2 种基金the Natural Sciences Foundation of Shanghai (Grant No.11ZR1441300)the Natural Science Foundation of Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications (Grant No.NY221098)the Jiangsu Qing Lan Project for their sponsorship。
文摘This paper presents a novel view of the impact of electron collision off-axis positions on the dynamic properties and relativistic nonlinear Thomson inverse scattering of excited electrons within tightly focused, circularly polarized laser pulses of varying intensities. We examine the effects of the transverse ponderomotive force, specifically how the deviation angle and speed of electron motion are affected by the initial off-axis position of the electron and the peak amplitude of the laser pulse. When the laser pulse intensity is low, an increase in the electron's initial off-axis distance results in reduced spatial radiation power, improved collimation, super-continuum phenomena generation, red-shifting of the spectrum's harmonic peak, and significant symmetry in the radiation radial direction. However, in contradiction to conventional understandings,when the laser pulse intensity is relatively high, the properties of the relativistic nonlinear Thomson inverse scattering of the electron deviate from the central axis, changing direction in opposition to the aforementioned effects. After reaching a peak, these properties then shift again, aligning with the previous direction. The complex interplay of these effects suggests a greater nuance and intricacy in the relationship between laser pulse intensity, electron position, and scattering properties than previously thought.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No 60778048)
文摘The propagation properties of the off-axis superposition of partially coherent beams through atmospheric turbulence and their beam quality in terms of the mean-squared beam width w（z） and the power in the bucket （PIB） are studied in detail, where the effects of partial coherence, off-axis beam superposition and atmospheric turbulence are considered. The analytical expressions for the intensity, the beam width and the PIB are derived, and illustrative examples are given numerically. It is shown that the maximum intensity/max and the PIB decrease and w（z） increases as the refraction index structure constant Cn^2 increases. Therefore, the turbulence results in a degradation of the beam quality. However, the resulting partially coherent beam with a smaller value of spatial correlation parameter γ and larger values of separate distance Xd and beam number M is less affected by the turbulence than that with a larger value of y and smaller values of Xd and M. The main results obtained in this paper are explained physically.
基金Project supported by the Science Foundation for Youth Scholars of Minjiang University,China(Grant No.Mj9n201602)the National Science and Technology Major Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China。
文摘Based on a full vector-diffraction theory, a detailed theoretical study is carried out, aiming at providing a clear insight into the effects of different focusing and off-axis parabola parameters on far-field vector-diffraction properties of an offaxis parabolic mirror in the presence of misalignments of the incoming beam. The physical origin of these effects is also explored. The results show that the far-field intensity profile is altered by the distortion-, coma-, and astigmatism-like aberrations, which are caused by oblique incidence rather than inherent aberrations for the off-axis configuration. The radius of 90% encircled energy also increases but does not change monotonically with incident beam size increasing, or rather,it first decreases and then increases. The focal shift strongly depends on the effective focal length and oblique incidence angle, but it is almost independent of the beam size, which affects the focusing spot patterns. The intensity distribution produces a higher astigmatic image with off-axis angle increasing. Coma-like aberration starts to become dominant with beam size increasing and results in larger curved propagation trajectory. The incident polarization also affects the intensity distribution. The variation in the Strehl ratio with oblique incidence angle strongly depends on the misalignment direction and beam size as well. In addition, we find that the difference in locus between the catacaustic and the diffraction focus in the meridian is small. But the locus of the sagittal foci is obviously different from the locus of the meridian foci and the catacaustic focus. Moreover, the peak intensity of the sagittal focus is maximum, and the ratio of the peak intensity to that in the meridian plane is approximately 1.5. Understanding these effects is valuable for assessing a practical focused intensity and describing the motion of charged particles under a strong electric field in ultraintense laser–matter interaction.
基金We acknowledge the financial support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under contact Nos.61622508,61622509,and 61575201.
文摘Dispersion control is crucial in optical systems,and chromatic aberration is an important factor affecting imaging quality in imaging systems.Due to the inherent property of materials,dispersion engineering is complex and needs to trade off other aberration in traditional ways.Although metasurface offers an effective method to overcome these limits and results in well-engineered dispersion,off-axis dispersion control is still a challenging topic.In this paper,we design a single-layer metalens which is capable of focusing at three wavelengths(473 nm,532 nm,and 632 nm)with different incident angles(0°,-17°and 17°)into the same point.We also demonstrate that this metalens can provide an alternative for the bulky color synthetic prism in a 3-chips digital micromirror device(DMD)laser projection system.Through this approach,various off-axis dispersion controlling optical devices could be realized.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11474166 and 11604156)the Science and Technology Cooperation Projects of People’s Republic of China–Romania(Grant No.42-23)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,China(Grant No.BK20161013)the Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China(Grant No.2016M591874)the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions,China
文摘As a kind of special acoustic field, the helical wavefront of an acoustic vortex（AV） beam is demonstrated to have a pressure zero with phase singularity at the center in the transverse plane. The orbital angular momentum of AVs can be applied to the field of particle manipulation, which attracts more and more attention in acoustic researches. In this paper,by using the simplified circular array of point sources, dual coaxial AV beams are excited by the even-and odd-numbered sources with the topological charges of l_E and l_O based on the phase-coded approach, and the composite acoustic field with an on-axis center-AV and multiple off-axis sub-AVs can be generated by the superimposition of the AV beams for｜l_E｜ ≠ ｜l_O｜. The generation of edge phase dislocation is theoretically derived and numerically analyzed for l_E=-l_O. The numbers and the topological charges as well as the locations of the center-AV and sub-AVs are demonstrated, which are proved to be determined by the topological charges of the coaxial AV beams. The proposed approach breaks through the limit of only one on-axis AV with a single topological charge along the beam axis, and also provides the feasibility of off-axis particle trapping with multiple AVs in object manipulation.
基金Natural Science Foundation of Jilin Province,China(Grant No.20180101031JC)the Jilin Provincial Science Foundation for Basic Research,China(Grant No.2019C040-7).
文摘The analytical expression of off-axis hollow Gaussian–Schell model vortex beam(HGSMVB)generated by anisotropic Gaussian–Schell model source is first introduced.The evolution properties of off-axis HGSMVB propagating in turbulent atmosphere are analyzed.The results show that the off-axis HGSMVB with smaller coherence length or propagating in stronger turbulent atmosphere will evolve from dark hollow beam into Gaussian-like beam with a larger beam spot faster.The beams with different values of integer order N or the position for hollow and vortex factor R will have almost the same Gaussian-like spot distribution at the longer propagation distance.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.62005108 and 62205134)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFC2807701)the Natural Science Foundation of the Higher Education Institutions of Jiangsu Province,China(Grant Nos.20KJB140009 and 21KJB140008)。
文摘This study established a novel method for the simultaneous detection of two-component gases.Radio frequency(RF)white noise disturbance laser current and wavelength modulation were simultaneously used to improve the off-axis integrated cavity output spectroscopy technique,and a high-precision dual modulation OA-ICOS(RF-WM-OA-ICOS)system was established.The two laser beams were coupled into one laser beam that was applied incident to the cavity of RF-WM-OA-ICOS system.The second harmonic signals of CH_(4)and CO_(2)gas simultaneously appeared in the rising or falling edge of a triangular wave.This method was used to measure CH_(4)and CO_(2)with different concentrations.The results indicated that the proposed system has high stability and can accurately and simultaneously measure the concentrations of CH_(4)and CO_(2),with an optimal integration time of 220 s.The minimum detection limit was 10 ppb for CH_(4)and 1.5 ppm for CO_(2).The corresponding noise equivalent absorption sensitivity values were calculated as 2.67×10^(-13)cm^(-1)·Hz^(-1/2)and 5.18×10^(-11)cm^(-1)·Hz^(-1/2),respectively.The proposed dual-component gas simultaneous detection method can also be used for high-precision simultaneous detection of other gases.Therefore,this study may serve as a reference for developing portable multicomponent gas analyzers.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant Nos 10675043, 10575031 and 10675042）.
文摘The effects of trapped electrons on off-axis lower hybrid current drive （LHCD） in tokamaks are studied, A computer code for solving the Fokker-Planck equation in a toroidal geometry is developed and employed. The code is suitable for various auxiliary heating and current drive schemes in tokamak plasmas. The influence of the resonance regime on the current drive efficiency as well as the influence of trapped particle fraction on the current drive efficiency are emphasized. It is shown that, as an electrostatic force, the lower hybrid wave causes some of the trapped electrons to be untrapped and lose their energy, which can cut the LHCD efficiency by about 30%. The ITER scaling law is also used to estimate the trapped electron effects.
基金supported by the Scientific Research Fund of Zhejiang Provincial Education Department,China(Grant No 20060677)
文摘Based on the vectorial Ftayleigh-Sommerfeld integral formula and the complex Gaussian expansion of the hardedge aperture function, an analytical propagation expression for a nonparaxial vectorial off-axis Lorentz beam passing through a rectangular aperture is derived. The unapertured case, the far field expression and the scalar paraxial result are also presented as special cases of the general formulae, respectively. Some numerical examples are also given to show the propagation characteristics of a nonparaxial vectorial off-axis Lorentz beam through a rectangular aperture. It is indicated that the f parameter, the off-axis displacement and the truncation parameter all play an important role in determining nonparaxial propagation behaviour.
基金Supported by the Yarmouk Universitythe KUSTAR–KAIST Institution Fund
文摘We study the interaction of a uniform, cold and collisional plasma with a test charged particle moving off-axis at a constant speed down a cylindrical tube with a resistive thick metallic wall. Upon matching the electromagnetic field components at all interfaces, the induced monopole electromagnetic fields in the plasma are obtained in the frequency domain. An expression for the plasma electric resistance and reactance is derived and analyzed numerically for some representative parameters. Near the plasma resonant frequency, the plasma resistance evolves with frequency like a parallel RLC resonator with peak resistance at the plasma frequency pe, while the plasma reactance can be capacitive or inductive in nature depending on the frequency under consideration.
文摘To improve the rotor off-axis response prediction, aerodynamic models must include the wake distortion effects of the maneuvering rotor. And the crux of the matter is to obtain a precise wake curvature parameter KR. A Peters-He finite-state wake model is improved to incorporate the operating-state-dependent KR to embody maneuver-induced effects. The curvature parameter KR varies with rotor forward speed, thrust and maneuvering angular rate according to a smoking experiment. Moreover, aerodynamic force/moment experiment indicates that after a quasi-step angular input, both on-axis and off-axis rotor responses show that an overshoot and its amplitude increases with the pitching rate. The comparison between theoretical and experimental results shows that the operating-state-accurate curvature parameter must be adopted to obtain accurate aerodynamic forces/moments, especially for the off-axis response. Additionally, combined with a dynamic wake distortion model, the obtained correlation agrees well with experimental data.
文摘为了获得高性能单晶金刚石探测器,综述了一种制备高质量单晶金刚石的方法。在制备过程中,尝试使用了Lift-off剥离技术,使衬底可重复利用,大大降低了金刚石材料的成本。研究表明,通过该方法制备的金刚石材料质量优于商用"电子器件级"金刚石;利用该类材料制作的金刚石探测器性能优异:对14 Me V中子和5.486 Me Vα粒子的能量分辨率分别达到1.5%和0.3%,电荷收集效率接近100%。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51725101,11727807,51672050,61790581,22088101)the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(973 Project Nos.2018YFA0209102 and 2021YFA1200600)Infrastructure and Facility Construction Project of Zhejiang Laboratory.
文摘Rational designing of one-dimensional(1D)magnetic alloy to facilitate electromagnetic(EM)wave attenuation capability in low-frequency(2-6 GHz)microwave absorption field is highly desired but remains a significant challenge.In this study,a composite EM wave absorber made of a FeCoNi medium-entropy alloy embedded in a 1D carbon matrix framework is rationally designed through an improved electrospinning method.The 1D-shaped FeCoNi alloy embedded composite demonstrates the high-density and continuous magnetic network using off-axis electronic holography technique,indicating the excellent magnetic loss ability under an external EM field.Then,the in-depth analysis shows that many factors,including 1D anisotropy and intrinsic physical features of the magnetic medium-entropy alloy,primarily contribute to the enhanced EM wave absorption performance.Therefore,the fabricated EM wave absorber shows an increasing effective absorption band of 1.3 GHz in the low-frequency electromagnetic field at an ultrathin thickness of 2 mm.Thus,this study opens up a new method for the design and preparation of high-performance 1D magnetic EM absorbers.
基金This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22001156)the Youth Talent Fund of University Association for Science and Technology in Shaanxi,China(20210602)+1 种基金King Abdullah University of Science and Technology(KAUST)Open access funding provided by Shanghai Jiao Tong University
文摘Improving the atom utilization of metals and clarifying the M–M’interaction is both greatly significant in assembling high-performance ultra-light electromagnetic wave-absorbing materials.Herein,a high-temperature explosion strategy has been successfully applied to assemble the hierarchical porous carbon sponge with Co–Fe decoration via the pyrolysis of the energetic metal organic framework.The as-constructed hybrid displays a superior reflection loss(RL)value of-57.7 d B and a specific RL value of-192 d B mg-1 mm-1 at 12.08 GHz with a layer thickness of 2.0 mm(loading of 15 wt%).The off-axis electron hologram characterizes the highly distributed numerous polarized nanodomain variable capacitors,demonstrating the dipole and interfacial polarization along the edges of the nanopores.More importantly,the X-ray absorption spectroscopy analysis verifies the mutual interaction between the metal cluster and carbon matrix and the electronic coupling responsible for the greatly improved electromagnetic wave absorption.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 51501085, 11704019, 51522212 and 51421002)National Program on Key Basic Research Project (2014CB921002)the Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. XDB07030200)
文摘It is still a great challenge at present to combine the high rate capability of the electrochemical capacitor with the high electrochemical capacity feature of rechargeable battery in energy storage and transport devices. By studying the lithiation mechanism of Li_4Ti_5O_12 （LTO） using in-situ electron holography, we find that double charge layers are formed at the interface of the insulating Li_4Ti_5O_12 （Li_4） phase and the semiconducting Li_7Ti_5O_12 （Li_7） phase, and can greatly boost the lithiation kinetics. The electron wave phase of the LTO particle is found to gradually shrink with the interface movement, leaving a positive electric field from Li_7 to Li_4 phase. Once the capacitive interface charges are formed, the lithiation of the core/shell particle could be established within 10 s. The ultrafast kinetics is attributed to the built-in interface potential and the mixed Ti3＋/Ti4＋ sites at the interface that could be maximally lowering the thermodynamic barrier for Li ion migration.
文摘This study presents an integrated method suitable for off-axis tension and compression testing in unidirectional composites,and its application to the testing of in-plane shear characterization.A new rotating-grip test fixture,incorporating the attractive features of the existing pinned-end fixture and hydraulic wedge grips,has been developed.The proposed gripping system consists of two sets of jaw faces,each with a pair of self-aligning bearings that allows for loading in the axial and radial directions.Finite element analysis and experiments were performed to evaluate the effectiveness of the rotating-grip test fixture.Results from numerical calculations show that this method reduces stress concentrations near the end and produces relatively uniform stress distributions in the specimen gage section.Mechanical testing results show a considerable increase in the measured shear properties of composites,compared with the existing end grip systems.The results indicated that the new test fixture is significantly better than the conventional fixture,and is also comparable to the method of the oblique end-tab for off-axis testing.
文摘A full aperture backscattering light diagnostic system （FABLDS） implemented on the Shen Guang-Ⅲ Prototype Laser Facility is described in the paper. FABLDS measures both stimulated brillouin scattering （SBS） and stimulated Raman scattering （SRS） with a series of optical detectors. Energy sensors record the integrated energy, and streak cameras coupled with spectrometers measure the temporal spectrum of the backscattering light. This paper provides an overview of the FABLDS and detailed descriptions of the optical path. Special components, including off-axis parabolic mirror, spatial filter and optical light filters, are incorporated along the beam path for purifying the scattering light. Several hohlraum targets were employed, including C5H12 gas-filled targets and empty targets in the experiments. Results presented in the paper indicate that the fraction of backscatter light has been obviously shrinked when the laser is smoothed by continuous phase plates （CPP）.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 10675125)
文摘Simulation on the heating scenarios in experimental advanced superconducting tokamak （EAST） was performed by using a full wave code TORIC. The locations of resonance layers for these heating schemes are predicted and the simulations for different schemes in ICRF experiments in EAST, for example, ion heating （both fundamental and harmonic frequency） or electron heating （by direct fast waves or by mode conversion waves）, on-axis or off-axis heating, and high- field-side （HFS） launching or low-field-side （LFS） launching, etc, were conducted. For the on-axis minority ion heating of 3He in D（3He） plasma, the impacts of both density and temperature on heating were discussed in the EAST parameter ranges.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.10725523,10990212,11021565,11075181 and 11105177)in part by National Magnetic Confinement Fusion Science Program of China(Nos.2010GB104001,2011GB101001,2011GB101004,2011GB107001,2012GB101000,2013GB107003 and 2013GB112002)
文摘Inward energy transport （pinch phenomenon） in the electron channel is observed in HT-7 plasmas using off-axis ion cyclotron resonance frequency （ICRF） heating. Experimental results and power balance transport analysis by TRANSP code are presented in this article. With the aids of GLF23 and Chang-Hinton transport models, which predict energy diffusivity in experimental conditions, the estimated electron pinch velocity is obtained by experimental data and is found reasonably comparable to the results in the previous study, such as Song on Tore Supra. Density scanning shows that the energy convective velocity in the electron channel has a close relation to density scale length~ which is qualitatively in agreement with Wang＇s theoretical prediction. The parametric dependence of electron energy convective velocity on plasma current is still ambiguous and is worthy of future research on EAST.
基金Project supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2009AA8044005)
文摘In the highest-power chirped-pulse amplification lasers, the pulse must be stretched in time, amplified, compressed in a grating compressor and subsequently focused by off-axis parabola to obtain a high peak power. In the optical terminal, the temporal and spatial effects of mismatched multigrating tiled compressor on the far-field pulse are critical factors to be analysed. In this paper, a k-space raytracing model is proposed for the temporal and spatial analyses of possible errors in a four-grating single-pass tiled compressor. The results show that the last grating affects mainly the partial focal spot, while the middle two gratings affect the temporal waveform, and the partial focal spot needs much higher error control than that in the temporal domain in a picosecond pulse compression.
