The microscopic response characteristics of nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) are widely used for characterizing complex pore structures of rocks. Due to the prohibitive NMR experiment cost, numerical simulation was emp...The microscopic response characteristics of nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) are widely used for characterizing complex pore structures of rocks. Due to the prohibitive NMR experiment cost, numerical simulation was employed as an alternative approach to verify some theoretical aspects of NMR responses. Firstly, the basic principles of pore-scale NMR simulation based on random-walk method(RWM) were introduced. The RWM-simulated results were benchmarked with the analytical results for an ideal spherical pore model. Then, the effects of two numerical parameters, namely diffusion radius and walk numbers, were studied on the simulation accuracy. The simulation method is then applied to various pore models with different pore sizes and pore shapes filled with different fluids to study the microscopic NMR response characteristics. The numerical experiments are useful for understanding and interpreting NMR measurements and the simulation code provides a numerical tool to perform pixel-based digital rock analysis.展开更多
The low field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), as a nondestructive and noninvasive technique, was employed to investigate the water distribution and content in cement paste with different water-to-cement ratio (w/c r...The low field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), as a nondestructive and noninvasive technique, was employed to investigate the water distribution and content in cement paste with different water-to-cement ratio (w/c ratio) during early and later hydration stages. From the water distribution spectrum deduced from relaxation time distribution in paste, it is suggested that the water fills in the capillary pores at initial period, and then diffuses to the mesopores and gel pores in hydration products with the hydration proceeding. The decrease of peak area in water distribution spectrum reflects the transformation from physically bound water to chemically bound water. In addition, based on the connection between relaxation time and pore size, the relative content changes of water in various states and constrained in different types of pores were also measured. The results demonstrate that it is influenced by the formation of pore system and the original water-to-cement ratio in the paste. Consequently, the relative content of capillary water is dropped to less than 2% in the paste with low w/c ratio of 0.3 when being hydrated for 1 d, while the contents are still 16% and 36% in the pastes with w/c ratios of 0.4 and 0.5, respectively.展开更多
Water alternating gas(WAG)injection is a widely used strategy for enhancing oil recovery(EOR)during gas flooding,and the mechanisms,operating parameters,and influencing factors of which have been extensively studied.H...Water alternating gas(WAG)injection is a widely used strategy for enhancing oil recovery(EOR)during gas flooding,and the mechanisms,operating parameters,and influencing factors of which have been extensively studied.However,with respect to its capacity in expanding macroscopic sweep volume under varying heterogeneities,the related results appear inadequate.In this research,three cores with different heterogeneities were used and flooded by the joint water and CO_(2) WAG,then the effects of heterogeneity on oil recovery were determined.More importantly,the cores after CO_(2) WAG injection were investigated using the nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)technique for remaining oil distribution research,which could help us to understand the capacity of CO_(2) WAG in enlarging sweep volume at different heterogeneities.The results show that the presence of heterogeneity may largely weaken the effectiveness of water flooding,the more severe the heterogeneity,the worse the water flooding.The WAG injection of CO_(2) performs well in EOR after water flooding for all the cores with different heterogeneities;however,it could barely form a complete or full sweep throughout the low-permeability region,and un-swept bypassed regions remain.The homogeneous core is better developed by the injection of the joint water and CO_(2) WAG than the heterogeneous and fractured cases.展开更多
文冠果的含水、含油率的高低影响其育种及加工储藏结果。为探求一种无损、快速、准确的文冠果含水含油率检测方法,该研究分别采用干取样法结合低场核磁共振技术(low field nuclear magnetic resonance,LF-NMR)、低场二维核磁共振技术(lo...文冠果的含水、含油率的高低影响其育种及加工储藏结果。为探求一种无损、快速、准确的文冠果含水含油率检测方法,该研究分别采用干取样法结合低场核磁共振技术(low field nuclear magnetic resonance,LF-NMR)、低场二维核磁共振技术(low field two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance,LF-2D-NMR)两种试验方式进行数据采集。通过系列试验确定两种技术在检测文冠果含水含油率的可行性。结果表明:与国标法测试结果相比,LF-NMR结合干取样法采集获取的数据异常,并且由于LF-NMR无法区分重叠峰信号,无法解释产生异常变化的原因,故该方法不适用于文冠果含油含水率的检测;LF-2D-NMR能够定性分析一维波谱中信号重叠无法区分组分的问题,成功解释了干取样法结合LF-NMR数据异常的原因。同时,LF-2D-NMR测得的文冠果T_(1)-T_(2)谱峰面积与烘箱干燥法及索氏提取法获取的水油含量之间存在显著的线性相关性,经与真值验证过后的决定系数R_2分别为0.920 9和0.942 4,可以用于文冠果含水含油率的定量分析。该研究拓展了低场核磁共振技术的理论认知深度,提高检测精度及在实际生产中的指导价值。展开更多
为深入探究小麦胚芽中的脂质成分,该研究采用不同溶剂分别提取小麦胚芽中的磷脂和中性脂质,利用核磁共振技术(nuclear magnetic resonance,NMR)对小麦胚芽中的脂质成分进行分析,结果表明:^(31)P NMR在小麦胚芽中检测到6种磷脂和相对应的...为深入探究小麦胚芽中的脂质成分,该研究采用不同溶剂分别提取小麦胚芽中的磷脂和中性脂质,利用核磁共振技术(nuclear magnetic resonance,NMR)对小麦胚芽中的脂质成分进行分析,结果表明:^(31)P NMR在小麦胚芽中检测到6种磷脂和相对应的5种溶血性磷脂,以及非脂质含磷化合物甘油磷脂酰胆碱(GPC);磷脂中含量最高的是磷脂酰胆碱(PC),其摩尔浓度为0.42μmol/g,摩尔分数为28.50%,质量浓度为0.31 mg/g,质量分数为30.20%;^(1)H NMR测定小麦胚芽中的多种中性脂质组成及含量,包括甘油三酯(TG)、甘油二酯(DG)、甘油单酯(MG)和游离脂肪酸(FA),其中含量最高的甘油酯是TG,占比为77.25%,含量最低的是2-甘油单酯(2-MG),占比为0.03%;小麦胚芽的甘油三酯和磷脂中检测出亚油酸(L)、油酸(O)和亚麻酸(Ln)等6种不饱和脂肪酸,其中亚油酸的含量最高,在甘油三酯中占比56.26%,在磷脂中占比45.37%。溶血性磷脂和GPC是磷脂的水解产物,DG、MG和FA是甘油三酯的水解产物,这些物质可以反映样品中脂质的水解程度。研究结果表明,利用NMR不仅能够对小麦胚芽脂质的组分进行定性定量分析,而且可以监测小麦胚芽脂质水解程度的变化。NMR技术在小麦胚芽相关产品的脂质分析研究具有重要作用。展开更多
聚乙二醇(polyethylene glycol,PEG)是一种常用的种子引发剂,利用PEG调节种子在引发过程中的水分吸收,是提高种子引发效果的关键。为探究不同PEG引发浓度和引发时间条件下玉米种子水分吸收对引发效果的影响,该研究采用低场核磁共振(low-...聚乙二醇(polyethylene glycol,PEG)是一种常用的种子引发剂,利用PEG调节种子在引发过程中的水分吸收,是提高种子引发效果的关键。为探究不同PEG引发浓度和引发时间条件下玉米种子水分吸收对引发效果的影响,该研究采用低场核磁共振(low-field nuclear magnetic resonance,LF-NMR)技术动态监测不同浓度PEG引发下玉米种子水分相态变化情况,分析种子水分吸收和引发效果的关系,并结合机器学习算法构建玉米种子引发效果预测模型。结果表明:随着引发时间的增加(0~48 h),结合水含量呈现先增加后逐渐趋于稳定的趋势,而自由水含量则持续上升,总水含量呈现先增加后逐渐减缓的趋势。结合水含量刚进入滞缓阶段,即A21信号幅值基本不再增加,可作为判断玉米种子适宜引发时间的一个指标。此外,利用高斯过程回归(gaussian process regression,GPR)算法结合核磁参数和引发条件构建的模型,对玉米种子发芽率预测的R~2达到0.920,能够快速检测种子的引发效果。通过LF-NMR检测种子引发过程中的水分变化能够实现最优引发条件的快速筛选,该研究为玉米种子引发参数设置和引发效果快速评价提供了新思路。展开更多
为明确陇东油田低渗油藏注水伤害机理,以长3储层为研究对象,构建了一套从储层内在因素到外在工程因素出发分析储层注水伤害机理的综合分析方法,采用X射线衍射(X-ray diffraction,XRD)、铸体薄片和扫描电镜(scanning electron microscopy...为明确陇东油田低渗油藏注水伤害机理,以长3储层为研究对象,构建了一套从储层内在因素到外在工程因素出发分析储层注水伤害机理的综合分析方法,采用X射线衍射(X-ray diffraction,XRD)、铸体薄片和扫描电镜(scanning electron microscopy,SEM)分析储层自身的岩石物性及孔隙结构,采用联合可视化微流控与核磁共振(nuclear magnetic resonance,NMR)的实验方法分析外来注入水对低渗油藏的伤害规律。结果表明:造成长3储层堵塞的内在因素是该层位储层属于低孔低渗储层,孔喉直径都是小于20μm的小孔,储层物性较差,液相在储层中的渗流阻力较大,并且黏土矿物组成主要是高岭石与伊利石等速敏性矿物,易发生微粒运移而堵塞储层;造成堵塞的外在工程因素是注入水与地层水不配伍而产生垢体微粒,垢体微粒与黏土微粒会在孔喉通道处经历堵塞-突破的过程,导致注入压力波动式上升,同时注入水会携带垢体微粒与黏土微粒运移至油藏深部,在油藏深部聚集并加重堵塞,严重降低水驱的波及范围。研究成果明确了长3油藏的注水伤害规律,为油田注水开发提供了理论指导。展开更多
冻融过程岩石孔隙内未冻水含量变化是影响其力学特性的关键因素之一。以砂岩为研究对象,采用低场核磁共振系统(nuclear magnetic resonance,NMR)对岩石冻融过程(20、0、-2、-4、-6、-10、-15、-10、-6、-4、-2、0、20℃)孔隙水含量进行...冻融过程岩石孔隙内未冻水含量变化是影响其力学特性的关键因素之一。以砂岩为研究对象,采用低场核磁共振系统(nuclear magnetic resonance,NMR)对岩石冻融过程(20、0、-2、-4、-6、-10、-15、-10、-6、-4、-2、0、20℃)孔隙水含量进行监测,分析未冻水含量随温度的演化规律,并探讨岩石冻融过程未冻水含量演化对其力学特性的影响。研究结果表明:(1)冻融过程岩石中孔隙水受温度影响显著,共经过5个阶段,即过冷段、快速冻结阶段、缓慢冻结阶段、缓慢融化阶段和融化加速阶段。(2)岩石在解冻过程中有明显的滞后现象。在相同温度下,岩样冻结过程未冻水含量明显高于解冻过程。与之对应,解冻过程的峰值强度和弹性模量相对于冻结阶段显著提高。(3)冻融过程的单轴抗压强度以及岩石弹性模量与未冻水含量的关系可由指数函数表示。冻结初期,岩石力学参数的变化主要受孔隙冰含量的增长及孔隙冰对岩石颗粒的胶结作用影响,随温度进一步降低,吸附水膜厚度下降,吸附能力增强,使孔隙冰与对岩石颗粒之间的整体性增强,岩石力学参数进一步发生改变。展开更多
基金Project(265201248) supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,ChinaProject(41172130) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China+2 种基金Project(2011ZX05014-001) supported by the Major State S&T Special Fund,ChinaProject(201205002) supported by the China Scholarship CouncilProject(2011D-5006-0305) supported by the China National Petroleum Co.Innovation Foundation,China
文摘The microscopic response characteristics of nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR) are widely used for characterizing complex pore structures of rocks. Due to the prohibitive NMR experiment cost, numerical simulation was employed as an alternative approach to verify some theoretical aspects of NMR responses. Firstly, the basic principles of pore-scale NMR simulation based on random-walk method(RWM) were introduced. The RWM-simulated results were benchmarked with the analytical results for an ideal spherical pore model. Then, the effects of two numerical parameters, namely diffusion radius and walk numbers, were studied on the simulation accuracy. The simulation method is then applied to various pore models with different pore sizes and pore shapes filled with different fluids to study the microscopic NMR response characteristics. The numerical experiments are useful for understanding and interpreting NMR measurements and the simulation code provides a numerical tool to perform pixel-based digital rock analysis.
基金Project(2009CB623105) supported by the National Basic Research Program of ChinaProject(51108341) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProjects(20110490703, 2012T50437) supported by China Postdoctoral Science Foundation
文摘The low field nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), as a nondestructive and noninvasive technique, was employed to investigate the water distribution and content in cement paste with different water-to-cement ratio (w/c ratio) during early and later hydration stages. From the water distribution spectrum deduced from relaxation time distribution in paste, it is suggested that the water fills in the capillary pores at initial period, and then diffuses to the mesopores and gel pores in hydration products with the hydration proceeding. The decrease of peak area in water distribution spectrum reflects the transformation from physically bound water to chemically bound water. In addition, based on the connection between relaxation time and pore size, the relative content changes of water in various states and constrained in different types of pores were also measured. The results demonstrate that it is influenced by the formation of pore system and the original water-to-cement ratio in the paste. Consequently, the relative content of capillary water is dropped to less than 2% in the paste with low w/c ratio of 0.3 when being hydrated for 1 d, while the contents are still 16% and 36% in the pastes with w/c ratios of 0.4 and 0.5, respectively.
基金Project(KFJJ-TZ-2019-3)supported by the Open Project of Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Advanced Stimulation Technology for Oil&Gas Reservoirs,ChinaProjects(51504275,51974344)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China。
文摘Water alternating gas(WAG)injection is a widely used strategy for enhancing oil recovery(EOR)during gas flooding,and the mechanisms,operating parameters,and influencing factors of which have been extensively studied.However,with respect to its capacity in expanding macroscopic sweep volume under varying heterogeneities,the related results appear inadequate.In this research,three cores with different heterogeneities were used and flooded by the joint water and CO_(2) WAG,then the effects of heterogeneity on oil recovery were determined.More importantly,the cores after CO_(2) WAG injection were investigated using the nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)technique for remaining oil distribution research,which could help us to understand the capacity of CO_(2) WAG in enlarging sweep volume at different heterogeneities.The results show that the presence of heterogeneity may largely weaken the effectiveness of water flooding,the more severe the heterogeneity,the worse the water flooding.The WAG injection of CO_(2) performs well in EOR after water flooding for all the cores with different heterogeneities;however,it could barely form a complete or full sweep throughout the low-permeability region,and un-swept bypassed regions remain.The homogeneous core is better developed by the injection of the joint water and CO_(2) WAG than the heterogeneous and fractured cases.
文摘文冠果的含水、含油率的高低影响其育种及加工储藏结果。为探求一种无损、快速、准确的文冠果含水含油率检测方法,该研究分别采用干取样法结合低场核磁共振技术(low field nuclear magnetic resonance,LF-NMR)、低场二维核磁共振技术(low field two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance,LF-2D-NMR)两种试验方式进行数据采集。通过系列试验确定两种技术在检测文冠果含水含油率的可行性。结果表明:与国标法测试结果相比,LF-NMR结合干取样法采集获取的数据异常,并且由于LF-NMR无法区分重叠峰信号,无法解释产生异常变化的原因,故该方法不适用于文冠果含油含水率的检测;LF-2D-NMR能够定性分析一维波谱中信号重叠无法区分组分的问题,成功解释了干取样法结合LF-NMR数据异常的原因。同时,LF-2D-NMR测得的文冠果T_(1)-T_(2)谱峰面积与烘箱干燥法及索氏提取法获取的水油含量之间存在显著的线性相关性,经与真值验证过后的决定系数R_2分别为0.920 9和0.942 4,可以用于文冠果含水含油率的定量分析。该研究拓展了低场核磁共振技术的理论认知深度,提高检测精度及在实际生产中的指导价值。
文摘聚乙二醇(polyethylene glycol,PEG)是一种常用的种子引发剂,利用PEG调节种子在引发过程中的水分吸收,是提高种子引发效果的关键。为探究不同PEG引发浓度和引发时间条件下玉米种子水分吸收对引发效果的影响,该研究采用低场核磁共振(low-field nuclear magnetic resonance,LF-NMR)技术动态监测不同浓度PEG引发下玉米种子水分相态变化情况,分析种子水分吸收和引发效果的关系,并结合机器学习算法构建玉米种子引发效果预测模型。结果表明:随着引发时间的增加(0~48 h),结合水含量呈现先增加后逐渐趋于稳定的趋势,而自由水含量则持续上升,总水含量呈现先增加后逐渐减缓的趋势。结合水含量刚进入滞缓阶段,即A21信号幅值基本不再增加,可作为判断玉米种子适宜引发时间的一个指标。此外,利用高斯过程回归(gaussian process regression,GPR)算法结合核磁参数和引发条件构建的模型,对玉米种子发芽率预测的R~2达到0.920,能够快速检测种子的引发效果。通过LF-NMR检测种子引发过程中的水分变化能够实现最优引发条件的快速筛选,该研究为玉米种子引发参数设置和引发效果快速评价提供了新思路。
文摘为明确陇东油田低渗油藏注水伤害机理,以长3储层为研究对象,构建了一套从储层内在因素到外在工程因素出发分析储层注水伤害机理的综合分析方法,采用X射线衍射(X-ray diffraction,XRD)、铸体薄片和扫描电镜(scanning electron microscopy,SEM)分析储层自身的岩石物性及孔隙结构,采用联合可视化微流控与核磁共振(nuclear magnetic resonance,NMR)的实验方法分析外来注入水对低渗油藏的伤害规律。结果表明:造成长3储层堵塞的内在因素是该层位储层属于低孔低渗储层,孔喉直径都是小于20μm的小孔,储层物性较差,液相在储层中的渗流阻力较大,并且黏土矿物组成主要是高岭石与伊利石等速敏性矿物,易发生微粒运移而堵塞储层;造成堵塞的外在工程因素是注入水与地层水不配伍而产生垢体微粒,垢体微粒与黏土微粒会在孔喉通道处经历堵塞-突破的过程,导致注入压力波动式上升,同时注入水会携带垢体微粒与黏土微粒运移至油藏深部,在油藏深部聚集并加重堵塞,严重降低水驱的波及范围。研究成果明确了长3油藏的注水伤害规律,为油田注水开发提供了理论指导。
文摘冻融过程岩石孔隙内未冻水含量变化是影响其力学特性的关键因素之一。以砂岩为研究对象,采用低场核磁共振系统(nuclear magnetic resonance,NMR)对岩石冻融过程(20、0、-2、-4、-6、-10、-15、-10、-6、-4、-2、0、20℃)孔隙水含量进行监测,分析未冻水含量随温度的演化规律,并探讨岩石冻融过程未冻水含量演化对其力学特性的影响。研究结果表明:(1)冻融过程岩石中孔隙水受温度影响显著,共经过5个阶段,即过冷段、快速冻结阶段、缓慢冻结阶段、缓慢融化阶段和融化加速阶段。(2)岩石在解冻过程中有明显的滞后现象。在相同温度下,岩样冻结过程未冻水含量明显高于解冻过程。与之对应,解冻过程的峰值强度和弹性模量相对于冻结阶段显著提高。(3)冻融过程的单轴抗压强度以及岩石弹性模量与未冻水含量的关系可由指数函数表示。冻结初期,岩石力学参数的变化主要受孔隙冰含量的增长及孔隙冰对岩石颗粒的胶结作用影响,随温度进一步降低,吸附水膜厚度下降,吸附能力增强,使孔隙冰与对岩石颗粒之间的整体性增强,岩石力学参数进一步发生改变。
