Resistant starch(RS)has attracted much researchers'attention because of its health-beneficial effects.Gut microbiota obviously shapes human health,but the effects of RS supplementation on the changes of human gut ...Resistant starch(RS)has attracted much researchers'attention because of its health-beneficial effects.Gut microbiota obviously shapes human health,but the effects of RS supplementation on the changes of human gut microbiota remain unclear.This observational meta-analysis aimed to reveal the effects of RS intake onα-diversity and composition of gut microbiota through meta-analysis.Two independent authors systematically searched articles from inception until February 2023 on four electronic databases.Twenty-four highly relevant trials were included conforming to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and MetaAnalysis protocol,and a total of 816 individuals were included.Significant heterogeneity analyses revealed that RS intake notably decreased Shannon index(weighted mean difference(WMD):-0.11;95%confidence interval(CI):-0.21,-0.01),and stimulated the composition of health promoting bacteria genera,including Bifidobacterium(relative abundance:WMD:1.75;95%CI:0.39,3.11;bacterial populations:WMD:0.36;95%CI:0.04,0.69),Faecalibacterium(relative abundance:WMD:0.70;95%CI:0.20,1.20;fold change:effect size:0.91;95%CI:0.60,1.23),and Prevotella(relative abundance:WMD:0.35;95%CI:0.01,0.69).Taken together,the present study revealed that changes in the gut microbiota diversity and genera were correlated with RS supplementation,which may contribute to benefits in human health.展开更多
Retrogradation of semi-dry rice noodles severely reduced their eating quality during storage.Three commonly used modified starches(oxidized starch,acetylated starch,and hydroxypropyl starch)were applied to investigate...Retrogradation of semi-dry rice noodles severely reduced their eating quality during storage.Three commonly used modified starches(oxidized starch,acetylated starch,and hydroxypropyl starch)were applied to investigate the anti-retrogradation effects of semi-dry rice noodles during cold storage.Loss of water content,migration of water,and increase in relative crystallinity,retrogradation enthalpy,and hardness could be retarded by adding chemically modified starches,especially hydroxypropyl starches.The effect of hydroxypropyl starch addition levels(2%,4%,6%,8%,and 10%)on the properties of rice flour and the edible quality of semi-dry rice noodles was further evaluated.The water solubility index of rice flour decreased with the addition of hydroxypropyl starch,while the swelling power showed the opposite trend.The quality of semi-dry rice noodles were improved with the addition of hydroxypropyl starch.Compared to the control,semi-dried rice noodles with 8%hydroxypropyl starch possessed superior properties,i.e.lower cooking loss(decreasing from 12.89%to 6.62%),lower adhesiveness(decreasing from 5.40 to 4.31 g·s),and higher hardness(rising from 10.89 to 13.81 N).These findings demonstrated that the incorporation of hydroxypropyl starch is a promising strategy for the preparation of semi-dry rice noodles with satisfactory cooking and edible qualities as well as a long shelf life.展开更多
Objective To investigate the efficacy of raw corn starch(RCS)in clinical management of insulinoma-induced hypoglycemia.Methods We retrospectively collected clinical data of insulinoma patients who received RCS-supplem...Objective To investigate the efficacy of raw corn starch(RCS)in clinical management of insulinoma-induced hypoglycemia.Methods We retrospectively collected clinical data of insulinoma patients who received RCS-supplemented diet preoperatively,and analyzed the therapeutic effects of the RCS intervention on blood glucose control,weight change,and its adverse events.Results The study population consisted of 24 cases of insulinoma patients,7 males and 17 females,aged 46.08±14.15 years.Before RCS-supplemented diet,all patients had frequent hypoglycemic episodes(2.51±3.88 times/week),concurrent with neuroglycopenia(in 83.3% of patients)and autonomic manifestations(in 75.0% of patients),with the median fasting blood glucose(FBG)of 2.70(interquartile range[IQR]:2.50-2.90)mmol/L.The patients'weight increased by 0.38(IQR:0.05-0.65)kg per month,with 8(33.3%)cases developing overweight and 7(29.2%)cases developing obesity.All patients maintained the RCS-supplemented diet until they underwent tumor resection(23 cases)and transarterial chemoembolization for liver metastases(1 case).For 19 patients receiving RCS throughout the day,the median FBG within one week of nutritional management was 4.30(IQR:3.30-5.70)mmol/L,which was a significant increase compared to pre-nutritional level[2.25(IQR:1.60-2.90)mmol/L;P<0.001].Of them,10 patients receiving RCS throughout the day for over four weeks had sustained improvement in FBG compared to pre-treatment[3.20(IQR:2.60-3.95)mmol/L vs.2.15(IQR:1.83-2.33)mmol/L;P<0.001].Five patients who received RCS only at night also had a significant increase in FBG within one week of nutritional management[3.50(IQR:2.50-3.65)mmol/L vs.2.20(IQR:1.80-2.60)mmol/L;P<0.001],but only one patient who continued to receive RCS for over four weeks did not have a significant improvement in FBG.No improvement in weight gain was observed upon RCS supplementation.Mild diarrhea(2 cases)and flatulence(1 case)occurred,and were relieved by reduction of RCS dose.Conclusion The RCS-supplemented diet is effective in controlling insulinoma-induced hypoglycemia.展开更多
Obesity and type 2 diabetes are widespread throughout the world, especially in developed countries. Starch is an important part of human staple food, the modulating of starch digestibility is conducive to reducing pos...Obesity and type 2 diabetes are widespread throughout the world, especially in developed countries. Starch is an important part of human staple food, the modulating of starch digestibility is conducive to reducing postprandial blood glucose levels and alleviating the chronic disease caused by high caloric intake. The digestion properties of starch are correlated with its structural features, including crystallization, amylose/amylopectin ratio, non-starch components, etc. Among the modified methods applied to regulate starch digestibility, non-thermal processing techniques(NTPT) receive extensive attention due to the characteristics of safety, environmental friendliness and high efficiency. The influence and mechanism of NTPT on the digestion properties of starch are discussed in this review, including ultrasounds, high pressure, γ-irradiation, etc. NTPT induces the alternation of morphological and structural characteristics of native starch, changing their sensitivity to enzymes. The effects of NTPT on the digestibility of starch are highly related to the processing parameters and structure characteristics of native starch. The review shows that NTPT is an effective way to modulate the digestion properties of starch and prevent people from suffering from chronic diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes.展开更多
It has been widely accepted that resistant starch(RS)provides numerous health benefits for human.In this research,we aimed at evaluating the performance of novel starch-lipid complexes,RS5,in comparison with RS2 on ph...It has been widely accepted that resistant starch(RS)provides numerous health benefits for human.In this research,we aimed at evaluating the performance of novel starch-lipid complexes,RS5,in comparison with RS2 on physical features,glucolipids metabolism,inflammation,and gut microbiota profiles of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)rats.The T2DM model was established by streptozotocin injection to the high-fat-sugar fed rats.According to a serial of biochemical analyses,we found that RS5 diets were strongly correlated with enhanced homeostatic model assessment for insulin secretion(HOMA-IS),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C),adiponectin(ADP),insulin action index(IAI),glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP1),and short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs)in T2DM rats whilst negatively associated with the low-density lipoprotein(LDL-C)and inflammatory cytokines,showing the capabilities to ameliorate T2DM symptoms by regulation of glucolipid metabolism,gut metabolites,and inflammation.On the other hand,RS2-enriched supplementations were influential in the mediation of insulin secretion to improve glucose metabolism.The increasing evidence collected herein suggested that intestinal microbiota could mediate glucolipids metabolism and alleviate inflammation after certain microflora nourished by RS.In addition,RS intake made an impact on phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B signaling pathway that might contribute to the improvement of glucose metabolism,insulin resistance,and inflammatory responses.展开更多
The effects of starch phosphate monoester content(SPC),namely C-3(C3P)and C-6 phosphate monoesters(C6P),on the starch properties were investigated using four potato starches with varied SPC/C3P/C6P and two nonphosphor...The effects of starch phosphate monoester content(SPC),namely C-3(C3P)and C-6 phosphate monoesters(C6P),on the starch properties were investigated using four potato starches with varied SPC/C3P/C6P and two nonphosphorylated maize starches with a similar range of amylose content(AC)as controls.The starch property results showed that a higher SPC is associated with lower turbidity,storage and loss modulus after storage,and water solubility,but higher swelling power(SP)and pasting viscosities.These findings suggested that SPC inhibited molecular rearrangement during storage and starch leaching during heating,and enhanced swelling and viscosities due to increased hydration and water uptake caused by the repulsion effect of phosphate groups and a less ordered crystalline structure.Increased SPC also resulted in lower resistant starch(RS)content in a native granular state but higher RS after retrogradation.Pearson correlations further indicated that SPC/C3P/C6P were positively correlated with peak(r^(2)=0.925,0.873 and 0.930,respectively),trough(r^(2)=0.994,0.968 and 0.988,respectively),and final viscosities(r^(2)=0.981,0.968 and 0.971,respectively).Notably,SPC,mainly C3P,exhibited a significantly positive correlation with SP(r^(2)=0.859)and setback viscosity(r^(2)=0.867),whereas SPC,mainly C6P,showed a weak positive correlation with RS after retrogradation(r^(2)=0.746).However,SPC had no significant correlations with water solubility,turbidity and rheology properties,which were more correlated with AC.These findings are helpful for the food industry to select potato starches with desired properties based on their contents of SPC,C3P,or C6P.展开更多
基金financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2022YFF1100600,2022YFF1100605)the Science and Technology Support Program(Modern Agriculture)of Jiangsu Province(BE2022323)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32302011)。
文摘Resistant starch(RS)has attracted much researchers'attention because of its health-beneficial effects.Gut microbiota obviously shapes human health,but the effects of RS supplementation on the changes of human gut microbiota remain unclear.This observational meta-analysis aimed to reveal the effects of RS intake onα-diversity and composition of gut microbiota through meta-analysis.Two independent authors systematically searched articles from inception until February 2023 on four electronic databases.Twenty-four highly relevant trials were included conforming to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and MetaAnalysis protocol,and a total of 816 individuals were included.Significant heterogeneity analyses revealed that RS intake notably decreased Shannon index(weighted mean difference(WMD):-0.11;95%confidence interval(CI):-0.21,-0.01),and stimulated the composition of health promoting bacteria genera,including Bifidobacterium(relative abundance:WMD:1.75;95%CI:0.39,3.11;bacterial populations:WMD:0.36;95%CI:0.04,0.69),Faecalibacterium(relative abundance:WMD:0.70;95%CI:0.20,1.20;fold change:effect size:0.91;95%CI:0.60,1.23),and Prevotella(relative abundance:WMD:0.35;95%CI:0.01,0.69).Taken together,the present study revealed that changes in the gut microbiota diversity and genera were correlated with RS supplementation,which may contribute to benefits in human health.
基金funded by the fund of national natural science foundation of China(32101996,32160530)the training plan for academic and technical leaders of major disciplines in Jiangxi province(20232BCJ23024)+1 种基金the key research and development program of Jiangxi province(20232BBF60023)“Shuangqian Project”of Jiangxi Province(jxsq2023201042)。
文摘Retrogradation of semi-dry rice noodles severely reduced their eating quality during storage.Three commonly used modified starches(oxidized starch,acetylated starch,and hydroxypropyl starch)were applied to investigate the anti-retrogradation effects of semi-dry rice noodles during cold storage.Loss of water content,migration of water,and increase in relative crystallinity,retrogradation enthalpy,and hardness could be retarded by adding chemically modified starches,especially hydroxypropyl starches.The effect of hydroxypropyl starch addition levels(2%,4%,6%,8%,and 10%)on the properties of rice flour and the edible quality of semi-dry rice noodles was further evaluated.The water solubility index of rice flour decreased with the addition of hydroxypropyl starch,while the swelling power showed the opposite trend.The quality of semi-dry rice noodles were improved with the addition of hydroxypropyl starch.Compared to the control,semi-dried rice noodles with 8%hydroxypropyl starch possessed superior properties,i.e.lower cooking loss(decreasing from 12.89%to 6.62%),lower adhesiveness(decreasing from 5.40 to 4.31 g·s),and higher hardness(rising from 10.89 to 13.81 N).These findings demonstrated that the incorporation of hydroxypropyl starch is a promising strategy for the preparation of semi-dry rice noodles with satisfactory cooking and edible qualities as well as a long shelf life.
基金supported by the National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Fund(2022-PUMCH-A-146)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(72074222)the Na-tional Key Research and Development Program of China(2020YFC2005005).
文摘Objective To investigate the efficacy of raw corn starch(RCS)in clinical management of insulinoma-induced hypoglycemia.Methods We retrospectively collected clinical data of insulinoma patients who received RCS-supplemented diet preoperatively,and analyzed the therapeutic effects of the RCS intervention on blood glucose control,weight change,and its adverse events.Results The study population consisted of 24 cases of insulinoma patients,7 males and 17 females,aged 46.08±14.15 years.Before RCS-supplemented diet,all patients had frequent hypoglycemic episodes(2.51±3.88 times/week),concurrent with neuroglycopenia(in 83.3% of patients)and autonomic manifestations(in 75.0% of patients),with the median fasting blood glucose(FBG)of 2.70(interquartile range[IQR]:2.50-2.90)mmol/L.The patients'weight increased by 0.38(IQR:0.05-0.65)kg per month,with 8(33.3%)cases developing overweight and 7(29.2%)cases developing obesity.All patients maintained the RCS-supplemented diet until they underwent tumor resection(23 cases)and transarterial chemoembolization for liver metastases(1 case).For 19 patients receiving RCS throughout the day,the median FBG within one week of nutritional management was 4.30(IQR:3.30-5.70)mmol/L,which was a significant increase compared to pre-nutritional level[2.25(IQR:1.60-2.90)mmol/L;P<0.001].Of them,10 patients receiving RCS throughout the day for over four weeks had sustained improvement in FBG compared to pre-treatment[3.20(IQR:2.60-3.95)mmol/L vs.2.15(IQR:1.83-2.33)mmol/L;P<0.001].Five patients who received RCS only at night also had a significant increase in FBG within one week of nutritional management[3.50(IQR:2.50-3.65)mmol/L vs.2.20(IQR:1.80-2.60)mmol/L;P<0.001],but only one patient who continued to receive RCS for over four weeks did not have a significant improvement in FBG.No improvement in weight gain was observed upon RCS supplementation.Mild diarrhea(2 cases)and flatulence(1 case)occurred,and were relieved by reduction of RCS dose.Conclusion The RCS-supplemented diet is effective in controlling insulinoma-induced hypoglycemia.
基金financial supported by the Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31972034)the National Youth Top-notch Talent Support Program of China (201902)。
文摘Obesity and type 2 diabetes are widespread throughout the world, especially in developed countries. Starch is an important part of human staple food, the modulating of starch digestibility is conducive to reducing postprandial blood glucose levels and alleviating the chronic disease caused by high caloric intake. The digestion properties of starch are correlated with its structural features, including crystallization, amylose/amylopectin ratio, non-starch components, etc. Among the modified methods applied to regulate starch digestibility, non-thermal processing techniques(NTPT) receive extensive attention due to the characteristics of safety, environmental friendliness and high efficiency. The influence and mechanism of NTPT on the digestion properties of starch are discussed in this review, including ultrasounds, high pressure, γ-irradiation, etc. NTPT induces the alternation of morphological and structural characteristics of native starch, changing their sensitivity to enzymes. The effects of NTPT on the digestibility of starch are highly related to the processing parameters and structure characteristics of native starch. The review shows that NTPT is an effective way to modulate the digestion properties of starch and prevent people from suffering from chronic diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(3203000230)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,Nankai University(63231172)the Natural Science Foundation of Henan(222300420158),for supporting this research.
文摘It has been widely accepted that resistant starch(RS)provides numerous health benefits for human.In this research,we aimed at evaluating the performance of novel starch-lipid complexes,RS5,in comparison with RS2 on physical features,glucolipids metabolism,inflammation,and gut microbiota profiles of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)rats.The T2DM model was established by streptozotocin injection to the high-fat-sugar fed rats.According to a serial of biochemical analyses,we found that RS5 diets were strongly correlated with enhanced homeostatic model assessment for insulin secretion(HOMA-IS),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C),adiponectin(ADP),insulin action index(IAI),glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP1),and short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs)in T2DM rats whilst negatively associated with the low-density lipoprotein(LDL-C)and inflammatory cytokines,showing the capabilities to ameliorate T2DM symptoms by regulation of glucolipid metabolism,gut metabolites,and inflammation.On the other hand,RS2-enriched supplementations were influential in the mediation of insulin secretion to improve glucose metabolism.The increasing evidence collected herein suggested that intestinal microbiota could mediate glucolipids metabolism and alleviate inflammation after certain microflora nourished by RS.In addition,RS intake made an impact on phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B signaling pathway that might contribute to the improvement of glucose metabolism,insulin resistance,and inflammatory responses.
基金the China Scholarship Council funding(CSC,202006150028)for her PhD study at the University of Copenhagen,Denmark.
文摘The effects of starch phosphate monoester content(SPC),namely C-3(C3P)and C-6 phosphate monoesters(C6P),on the starch properties were investigated using four potato starches with varied SPC/C3P/C6P and two nonphosphorylated maize starches with a similar range of amylose content(AC)as controls.The starch property results showed that a higher SPC is associated with lower turbidity,storage and loss modulus after storage,and water solubility,but higher swelling power(SP)and pasting viscosities.These findings suggested that SPC inhibited molecular rearrangement during storage and starch leaching during heating,and enhanced swelling and viscosities due to increased hydration and water uptake caused by the repulsion effect of phosphate groups and a less ordered crystalline structure.Increased SPC also resulted in lower resistant starch(RS)content in a native granular state but higher RS after retrogradation.Pearson correlations further indicated that SPC/C3P/C6P were positively correlated with peak(r^(2)=0.925,0.873 and 0.930,respectively),trough(r^(2)=0.994,0.968 and 0.988,respectively),and final viscosities(r^(2)=0.981,0.968 and 0.971,respectively).Notably,SPC,mainly C3P,exhibited a significantly positive correlation with SP(r^(2)=0.859)and setback viscosity(r^(2)=0.867),whereas SPC,mainly C6P,showed a weak positive correlation with RS after retrogradation(r^(2)=0.746).However,SPC had no significant correlations with water solubility,turbidity and rheology properties,which were more correlated with AC.These findings are helpful for the food industry to select potato starches with desired properties based on their contents of SPC,C3P,or C6P.
