Real-time,contact-free temperature monitoring of low to medium range(30℃-150℃)has been extensively used in industry and agriculture,which is usually realized by costly infrared temperature detection methods.This pap...Real-time,contact-free temperature monitoring of low to medium range(30℃-150℃)has been extensively used in industry and agriculture,which is usually realized by costly infrared temperature detection methods.This paper proposes an alternative approach of extracting temperature information in real time from the visible light images of the monitoring target using a convolutional neural network(CNN).A mean-square error of<1.119℃was reached in the temperature measurements of low to medium range using the CNN and the visible light images.Imaging angle and imaging distance do not affect the temperature detection using visible optical images by the CNN.Moreover,the CNN has a certain illuminance generalization ability capable of detection temperature information from the images which were collected under different illuminance and were not used for training.Compared to the conventional machine learning algorithms mentioned in the recent literatures,this real-time,contact-free temperature measurement approach that does not require any further image processing operations facilitates temperature monitoring applications in the industrial and civil fields.展开更多
A dedicated weak current measurement system was designed to measure the weak currents generated by the neutron ionization chamber.This system incorporates a second-order low-pass filter circuit and the Kalman filterin...A dedicated weak current measurement system was designed to measure the weak currents generated by the neutron ionization chamber.This system incorporates a second-order low-pass filter circuit and the Kalman filtering algorithm to effectively filter out noise and minimize interference in the measurement results.Testing conducted under normal temperature conditions has demonstrated the system's high precision performance.However,it was observed that temperature variations can affect the measurement performance.Data were collected across temperatures ranging from -20 to 70℃,and a temperature correction model was established through linear regression fitting to address this issue.The feasibility of the temperature correction model was confirmed at temperatures of -5 and 40℃,where relative errors remained below 0.1% after applying the temperature correction.The research indicates that the designed measurement system exhibits excellent temperature adaptability and high precision,making it particularly suitable for measuring weak currents.展开更多
Crop water stress index(CWSI)is widely used for efficient irrigation management.Precise canopy temperature(T_(c))measurement is necessary to derive a reliable CWSI.The objective of this research was to investigate the...Crop water stress index(CWSI)is widely used for efficient irrigation management.Precise canopy temperature(T_(c))measurement is necessary to derive a reliable CWSI.The objective of this research was to investigate the influences of atmospheric conditions,settled height,view angle of infrared thermography,and investigating time of temperature measuring on the performance of the CWSI.Three irrigation treatments were used to create different soil water conditions during the 2020-2021 and 2021-2022 winter wheat-growing seasons.The CWSI was calculated using the CWSI-E(an empirical approach)and CWSI-T(a theoretical approach)based on the T_(c).Weather conditions were recorded continuously throughout the experimental period.The results showed that atmospheric conditions influenced the estimation of the CWSI;when the vapor pressure deficit(VPD)was>2000 Pa,the estimated CWSI was related to soil water conditions.The height of the installed infrared thermograph influenced the T_(c)values,and the differences among the T_(c)values measured at height of 3,5,and 10 m was smaller in the afternoon than in the morning.However,the lens of the thermometer facing south recorded a higher T_(c)than those facing east or north,especially at a low height,indicating that the direction of the thermometer had a significant influence on T_(c).There was a large variation in CWSI derived at different times of the day,and the midday measurements(12:00-15:00)were the most reliable for estimating CWSI.Negative linear relationships were found between the transpiration rate and CWSI-E(R^(2)of 0.3646-0.5725)and CWSI-T(R^(2)of 0.5407-0.7213).The relations between fraction of available soil water(FASW)with CWSI-T was higher than that with CWSI-E,indicating CWSI-T was more accurate for predicting crop water status.In addition,The R^(2)between CWSI-T and FASW at 14:00 was higher than that at other times,indicating that 14:00 was the optimal time for using the CWSI for crop water status monitoring.Relative higher yield of winter wheat was obtained with average seasonal values of CWSI-E and CWSI-T around 0.23 and 0.25-0.26,respectively.The CWSI-E values were more easily influenced by meteorological factors and the timing of the measurements,and using the theoretical approach to derive the CWSI was recommended for precise irrigation water management.展开更多
A new method for reconstructing the geological history of hydrocarbon accumulation is developed, which are constrained by U-Pb isotope age and clumped isotope((35)47) temperature of host minerals of hydrocarbon-bearin...A new method for reconstructing the geological history of hydrocarbon accumulation is developed, which are constrained by U-Pb isotope age and clumped isotope((35)47) temperature of host minerals of hydrocarbon-bearing inclusions. For constraining the time and depth of hydrocarbon accumulation by the laser in-situ U-Pb isotope age and clumped isotope temperature, there are two key steps:(1) Investigating feature, abundance and distribution patterns of liquid and gaseous hydrocarbon inclusions with optical microscopes.(2) Dating laser in-situ U-Pb isotope age and measuring clumped isotope temperature of the host minerals of hydrocarbon inclusions. These technologies have been applied for studying the stages of hydrocarbon accumulation in the Sinian Dengying gas reservoir in the paleo-uplift of the central Sichuan Basin. By dating the U-Pb isotope age and measuring the temperature of clumped isotope((35)47) of the host minerals of hydrocarbon inclusions in dolomite, three stages of hydrocarbon accumulation were identified:(1) Late Silurian: the first stage of oil accumulation at(416±23) Ma.(2) Late Permian to Early Triassic: the second stage of oil accumulation between(248±27) Ma and(246.3±1.5) Ma.(3) Yanshan to Himalayan period: gas accumulation between(115±69) Ma and(41±10) Ma. The reconstructed hydrocarbon accumulation history of the Dengying gas reservoir in the paleo-uplift of the central Sichuan Basin is highly consistent with the tectonic-burial history, basin thermal history and hydrocarbon generation history, indicating that the new method is a reliable way for reconstructing the hydrocarbon accumulation history.展开更多
Electron thermal transport is one of the most complex processes in fusionplasmas. It is generally described by a simple thermal diffusivity in transport analyses ofdischarges, but there is evidence of critical gradien...Electron thermal transport is one of the most complex processes in fusionplasmas. It is generally described by a simple thermal diffusivity in transport analyses ofdischarges, but there is evidence of critical gradient effects with moderate stiffness. By analyzingperiodic perturbations to an equilibrium, one canmeasure the variations in electron energy flux andelectron temperature gradient over the perturbation cycle, obtaining the flux as a function ofgradient over the range of parameters generated by the perturbation. Although time-dependenttransport analysis is very sensitive to noise in the input data, averaging over many cycles of aperiodic perturbation can provide data of sufficient quality. The analyses presented here are basedon the ECE temperature data with high spatial and temporal resolution and full profile coverage onDIII-D for sawteeth and modulated ECH heating.展开更多
Under coronal conditions, the steady state rate-equations are used to calculate the inter-stage line ratios between Li-like ls22p(2P3/2)→ls22s(2S1/2) and He-like ls2p(1P1)→1s2(1S0) transitions for Ti in the electron...Under coronal conditions, the steady state rate-equations are used to calculate the inter-stage line ratios between Li-like ls22p(2P3/2)→ls22s(2S1/2) and He-like ls2p(1P1)→1s2(1S0) transitions for Ti in the electronic temperature ranges from 0.1keV to 20 keV. The results show that the temperature sensitivities are higher at the electronic temperature less than 5000 eV and the temperature sensitivities will decrease with the increase of electronic temperature.展开更多
With the rapid development of China's foreign trade, the coastal and inland waterway transport has been increased rapidly. The potential market for marine engines is more and more obvious. The measurement of the e...With the rapid development of China's foreign trade, the coastal and inland waterway transport has been increased rapidly. The potential market for marine engines is more and more obvious. The measurement of the engine temperature and strain becomes very important. The fluorescence fiber sensors are broadly used to measure temperature, concentration, and pH value, etc. The fluorescence sensing systems are based on different principles, namely fluorescence intensity, fluorescence intensity ratio, and fluorescence lifetime. The fluorescence lifetime is an effective parameter for sensing purpose, because it is independent of the intensity of the pumping source and does not need expensive narrow-band filters. An experiment system has been established, in which some samples were produced to measure the fluorescence lifetime and temperature characteristics and the relationship of the strain and temperature versus the fluorescence lifetime was achieved at the same time. The experiment result was fitted and analyzed. The test results show that the fluorescence lifetime decreases with the increasing of temperature. The change of fluorescence lifetime with the strain is inconspicuous comparing to that with the temperature.展开更多
We demonstrate an experimental method for the in situ temperature measurement of atomic vapor using the saturated absorption spectrum. By separately manipulating the frequency of the pump and probe beams, the position...We demonstrate an experimental method for the in situ temperature measurement of atomic vapor using the saturated absorption spectrum. By separately manipulating the frequency of the pump and probe beams, the position of the crossover peaks can move along the spectrum. Different velocity classes of atoms contribute to the crossover during the movement. We study the relationship between the intensity change of peaks and vapor temperature. Our experimental result around room temperature shows a deviation of less than 0.3 K. Compared with traditional thermometry using absorption spectroscopy, higher accuracy can theoretically be achieved with real-time thermometry.展开更多
We will build a cubic anvil cell （CAC） apparatus for high-pressure and low-temperature physical property measurements in the synergic extreme condition user facility （SECUF）. In this article, we first introduce th...We will build a cubic anvil cell （CAC） apparatus for high-pressure and low-temperature physical property measurements in the synergic extreme condition user facility （SECUF）. In this article, we first introduce the operating principle, the development history, and the current status of the CAC apparatus, and subsequently describe the design plan and technical targets for the CAC in SECUF. We will demonstrate the unique advantages of CAC, i.e., excellent pressure homogeneity and large hydrostatic pressure capacity, by summarizing our recent research progresses using CAC. Finally, we conclude by providing some perspectives on the applications of CAC in the related research fields.展开更多
In this paper, a novel antenna is proposed for high-temperature testing, which can make the high-temperature pressure characteristics of a wireless passive ceramic pressure sensor demonstrated at up to a temperature o...In this paper, a novel antenna is proposed for high-temperature testing, which can make the high-temperature pressure characteristics of a wireless passive ceramic pressure sensor demonstrated at up to a temperature of 600℃. The design parameters of the antenna are similar to those of the sensor, which will increase the coupling strength between the sensor and testing antenna. The antenna is fabricated in thick film integrated technology, and the properties of the alumina ceramic and silver ensure the feasibility of the antenna in high-temperature environments. The sensor, coupled with the ceramic antenna, is investigated using a high-temperature pressure testing platform. The experimental measurement results show that the pressure signal in a harsh environment can be detected by the frequency diversity of the sensor.展开更多
A high precision, high antijamming multipoint infrared telemetry system was developed to measure the piston temperature in internal combustion engine. The temperature at the measuring point is converted into correspon...A high precision, high antijamming multipoint infrared telemetry system was developed to measure the piston temperature in internal combustion engine. The temperature at the measuring point is converted into corresponding voltage signal by the thermo-couple first. Then after the V/F stage, the voltage signal is converted into the frequency signal to drive the infrared light-emitting diode to transmit infrared pulses. At the receiver end, a photosensitive audion receives the infrared pulses. After conversion, the voltage recorded by the receiver stands for the magnitude of temperature at the measuring point. Test results of the system indicate that the system is practical and the system can perform multipoint looping temperature measurements for the piston.展开更多
In both numerical simulation and experimental research for the piston of internal combustion engine, the verification foundations are always insufficient. The reason is the measurements for its transient temperature a...In both numerical simulation and experimental research for the piston of internal combustion engine, the verification foundations are always insufficient. The reason is the measurements for its transient temperature and stress under actual operation conditions are very difficult. A multi-channel measurement-storage technology is used in the engine bench experiment to measure the piston temperature and stress in real time. The temperature and stress changes in the engine operation process are obtained. They provide reliable instructive criteria for numerical analysis and experiment of the piston working state.展开更多
An infrared colorimetric radiation thermometrical system was established based on the theory of optical radiation. The dynamic temperature history of fuel air explosive (FAE) was measured to obtain the temperature res...An infrared colorimetric radiation thermometrical system was established based on the theory of optical radiation. The dynamic temperature history of fuel air explosive (FAE) was measured to obtain the temperature responses of primary initiation FAE and secondary initiation FAE in real time. And the characteristics of their temperature history curves were compared and analyzed. The results show that the primary initiation FAE has higher explosion temperature and longer duration compared to the secondary initiation FAE.展开更多
Flame temperature and spectral emissivity were the important parameters characterizing the sufficient degree of fuel combustion and the particle radiative characteristics in the Rocket Based Combined Cycle(RBCC)combus...Flame temperature and spectral emissivity were the important parameters characterizing the sufficient degree of fuel combustion and the particle radiative characteristics in the Rocket Based Combined Cycle(RBCC)combustor.To investigate the combustion characteristics of the complex supersonic flame in the RBCC combustor,a new radiation thermometry combined with Levenberg-Marquardt(LM)algorithm and the least squares method was proposed to measure the temperature,emissivity and spectral radiative properties based on the flame emission spectrum.In-situ measurements of the flame temperature,emissivity and spectral radiative properties were carried out in the RBCC direct-connected test bench with laser-induced plasma combustion enhancement(LIPCE)and without LIPCE.The flame average temperatures at fuel global equivalence ratio(a)of 1.0b and 0.6 with LIPCE were 4.51%and 2.08%higher than those without LIPCE.The flame combustion oscillation of kerosene tended to be stable in the recirculation zone of cavity with the thermal and chemical effects of laser induced plasma.The differences of flame temperature at a=1.0b and 0.6 were 503 K and 523 K with LIPCE,which were 20.07%and42.64%lower than those without LIPCE.The flame emissivity with methane assisted ignition was 80.46%lower than that without methane assisted ignition,due to the carbon-hydrogen ratio of kerosene was higher than that of methane.The spectral emissivities at 600 nm with LIPCE were 1.25%,22.2%,and 4.22%lower than those without LIPCE at a=1.0a(with methane assisted ignition),1.0b(without methane assisted ignition)and 0.6.The effect of concentration in the emissivity was removed by normalization to analyze the flame radiative properties in the RBCC combustor chamber.The maximum differences of flame normalized emissivity were 50.91%without LIPCE and 27.53%with LIPCE.The flame radiative properties were stabilized under the thermal and chemical effects of laser induced plasma at a=0.6.展开更多
In order to study the evolution of the freezing fringe and final lenses of frost susceptible soils and advance the understanding of frost heave and mechanism of frost heave control, we used an open one-dimensional fro...In order to study the evolution of the freezing fringe and final lenses of frost susceptible soils and advance the understanding of frost heave and mechanism of frost heave control, we used an open one-dimensional frost heave test system of infrared radiation technology, instead of a traditional thermistor method. Temperatures of the freezing fringe and segregated ice were measured in a non-contact mode. The results show that accurate and precise temperatures of ice segregation can be obtained by infrared thermal imaging systems. A self-developed inversion program inverted the temperature field of frozen soils. Based on our analysis of temperature variation in segregated ice and our study of the relationship between temperature and rate of ice segregation in cooling and warming processes during intermittent freezing, the mechanism of decreasing frost heave of frozen soils by controlling the growth of final lenses with an intermittent freezing mode, can be explained properly.展开更多
Laminar methane/air premixed flames at different pressures in a newly developed high-pressure laminar burner are studied through Cantera simulation and filtered Rayleigh scattering(FRS).Different gas component fractio...Laminar methane/air premixed flames at different pressures in a newly developed high-pressure laminar burner are studied through Cantera simulation and filtered Rayleigh scattering(FRS).Different gas component fractions are obtained through the detailed numerical simulations.And this approach can be used to correct the FRS images of large variations in a Rayleigh cross section in different flame regimes.The temperature distribution above the flat burner is then presented without stray light interference from soot and wall reflection.Results also show that the extent of agreement with the single point measurement by the thermocouple is<6%.Finally,this study concludes that the relative uncertainty of the presented filtered Rayleigh scattering diagnostics is estimated to be below 10%in single-shot imaging.展开更多
Aiming at the shortcomings of traditional contact measurement methods such as low measurement efficiency,high cost and low accuracy,a non-contact optical measurement method based on the laser displacement sensor is pr...Aiming at the shortcomings of traditional contact measurement methods such as low measurement efficiency,high cost and low accuracy,a non-contact optical measurement method based on the laser displacement sensor is proposed.According to the relevant regulations of the coaxiality error evaluation standard and the structural characteristics of the compound gear shaft,we have designed and built a set of supporting software system as well as a hardware test platform.In this paper,the distance difference threshold and scale threshold methods are used to eliminate outlier data.The least squares circle is selected to calculate the center of the circle and the minimum containment cylinder axis method is used as the reference axis of the composite gear shaft.Compensated by the standard step shaft calibration,the coaxiality error of the composite gear shaft can be measured to be within 0.01 mm in less than two minutes.The range value of the multi-section measurement test is 0.065 mm.The average coaxiality error is∅0.476 mm.展开更多
Electrical sensing systems, such as those involving eutectic salt, are mostly used in connection to leakage from existing airborne high-temperature air-conducting pipelines. Such complex structured systems are suscept...Electrical sensing systems, such as those involving eutectic salt, are mostly used in connection to leakage from existing airborne high-temperature air-conducting pipelines. Such complex structured systems are susceptible to external interferences and, thus, cannot meet the increasingly strict monitoring needs of a complex air-conducting pipeline system of an aircraft. In view of this point, this paper studies an alternative sensor system based on a dense array fiber grating. To obtain a compact and light-weight airborne signal processing system, a field programmable gate array is used as the main control core that controls the output of the light source. The functions of pulse modulation, analog-to-digital conversion,data buffering and transmission are integrated into a single system, while the linear sensing monitoring is obtained by detecting the time-division and wavelength-division wavelength drift signals of the fiber Bragg grating array. Our experiments show that the spatial resolution of the linear sensing system approaches 5 cm, the temperature measurement accuracy reaches 2 ℃, the temperature measurement range is between 0–250 ℃, and the response time is within 4 s. Compared with the existing electrical monitoring systems, various monitoring indicators have been greatly improved and have broad application prospects.展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.61975072 and 12174173)the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province,China (Grant Nos.2022H0023,2022J02047,ZZ2023J20,and 2022G02006)。
文摘Real-time,contact-free temperature monitoring of low to medium range(30℃-150℃)has been extensively used in industry and agriculture,which is usually realized by costly infrared temperature detection methods.This paper proposes an alternative approach of extracting temperature information in real time from the visible light images of the monitoring target using a convolutional neural network(CNN).A mean-square error of<1.119℃was reached in the temperature measurements of low to medium range using the CNN and the visible light images.Imaging angle and imaging distance do not affect the temperature detection using visible optical images by the CNN.Moreover,the CNN has a certain illuminance generalization ability capable of detection temperature information from the images which were collected under different illuminance and were not used for training.Compared to the conventional machine learning algorithms mentioned in the recent literatures,this real-time,contact-free temperature measurement approach that does not require any further image processing operations facilitates temperature monitoring applications in the industrial and civil fields.
基金supported by the Youth Science Foundation of Sichuan Province(Nos.2022NSFSC1230 and 2022NSFSC1231)the Science and Technology Innovation Seedling Project of Sichuan Province(No.MZGC20230080)+1 种基金the General project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12075039)the Key project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U19A2086)。
文摘A dedicated weak current measurement system was designed to measure the weak currents generated by the neutron ionization chamber.This system incorporates a second-order low-pass filter circuit and the Kalman filtering algorithm to effectively filter out noise and minimize interference in the measurement results.Testing conducted under normal temperature conditions has demonstrated the system's high precision performance.However,it was observed that temperature variations can affect the measurement performance.Data were collected across temperatures ranging from -20 to 70℃,and a temperature correction model was established through linear regression fitting to address this issue.The feasibility of the temperature correction model was confirmed at temperatures of -5 and 40℃,where relative errors remained below 0.1% after applying the temperature correction.The research indicates that the designed measurement system exhibits excellent temperature adaptability and high precision,making it particularly suitable for measuring weak currents.
基金supported by the Project of State Grid Hebei Electric Power Co.,Ltd.(SGHEYX00SCJS2100077).
文摘Crop water stress index(CWSI)is widely used for efficient irrigation management.Precise canopy temperature(T_(c))measurement is necessary to derive a reliable CWSI.The objective of this research was to investigate the influences of atmospheric conditions,settled height,view angle of infrared thermography,and investigating time of temperature measuring on the performance of the CWSI.Three irrigation treatments were used to create different soil water conditions during the 2020-2021 and 2021-2022 winter wheat-growing seasons.The CWSI was calculated using the CWSI-E(an empirical approach)and CWSI-T(a theoretical approach)based on the T_(c).Weather conditions were recorded continuously throughout the experimental period.The results showed that atmospheric conditions influenced the estimation of the CWSI;when the vapor pressure deficit(VPD)was>2000 Pa,the estimated CWSI was related to soil water conditions.The height of the installed infrared thermograph influenced the T_(c)values,and the differences among the T_(c)values measured at height of 3,5,and 10 m was smaller in the afternoon than in the morning.However,the lens of the thermometer facing south recorded a higher T_(c)than those facing east or north,especially at a low height,indicating that the direction of the thermometer had a significant influence on T_(c).There was a large variation in CWSI derived at different times of the day,and the midday measurements(12:00-15:00)were the most reliable for estimating CWSI.Negative linear relationships were found between the transpiration rate and CWSI-E(R^(2)of 0.3646-0.5725)and CWSI-T(R^(2)of 0.5407-0.7213).The relations between fraction of available soil water(FASW)with CWSI-T was higher than that with CWSI-E,indicating CWSI-T was more accurate for predicting crop water status.In addition,The R^(2)between CWSI-T and FASW at 14:00 was higher than that at other times,indicating that 14:00 was the optimal time for using the CWSI for crop water status monitoring.Relative higher yield of winter wheat was obtained with average seasonal values of CWSI-E and CWSI-T around 0.23 and 0.25-0.26,respectively.The CWSI-E values were more easily influenced by meteorological factors and the timing of the measurements,and using the theoretical approach to derive the CWSI was recommended for precise irrigation water management.
基金Supported by the China National Science and Technology Major Project(2016ZX05004-002)Basic Research and Strategic Reserve Technology Research Fund of Institutes Directly Under CNPC(2018D-5008-03)PetroChina Science and Technology Project(2019D-5009-16)。
文摘A new method for reconstructing the geological history of hydrocarbon accumulation is developed, which are constrained by U-Pb isotope age and clumped isotope((35)47) temperature of host minerals of hydrocarbon-bearing inclusions. For constraining the time and depth of hydrocarbon accumulation by the laser in-situ U-Pb isotope age and clumped isotope temperature, there are two key steps:(1) Investigating feature, abundance and distribution patterns of liquid and gaseous hydrocarbon inclusions with optical microscopes.(2) Dating laser in-situ U-Pb isotope age and measuring clumped isotope temperature of the host minerals of hydrocarbon inclusions. These technologies have been applied for studying the stages of hydrocarbon accumulation in the Sinian Dengying gas reservoir in the paleo-uplift of the central Sichuan Basin. By dating the U-Pb isotope age and measuring the temperature of clumped isotope((35)47) of the host minerals of hydrocarbon inclusions in dolomite, three stages of hydrocarbon accumulation were identified:(1) Late Silurian: the first stage of oil accumulation at(416±23) Ma.(2) Late Permian to Early Triassic: the second stage of oil accumulation between(248±27) Ma and(246.3±1.5) Ma.(3) Yanshan to Himalayan period: gas accumulation between(115±69) Ma and(41±10) Ma. The reconstructed hydrocarbon accumulation history of the Dengying gas reservoir in the paleo-uplift of the central Sichuan Basin is highly consistent with the tectonic-burial history, basin thermal history and hydrocarbon generation history, indicating that the new method is a reliable way for reconstructing the hydrocarbon accumulation history.
基金the US Department of Energy under grant DE-FG03-97-ER54415
文摘Electron thermal transport is one of the most complex processes in fusionplasmas. It is generally described by a simple thermal diffusivity in transport analyses ofdischarges, but there is evidence of critical gradient effects with moderate stiffness. By analyzingperiodic perturbations to an equilibrium, one canmeasure the variations in electron energy flux andelectron temperature gradient over the perturbation cycle, obtaining the flux as a function ofgradient over the range of parameters generated by the perturbation. Although time-dependenttransport analysis is very sensitive to noise in the input data, averaging over many cycles of aperiodic perturbation can provide data of sufficient quality. The analyses presented here are basedon the ECE temperature data with high spatial and temporal resolution and full profile coverage onDIII-D for sawteeth and modulated ECH heating.
文摘Under coronal conditions, the steady state rate-equations are used to calculate the inter-stage line ratios between Li-like ls22p(2P3/2)→ls22s(2S1/2) and He-like ls2p(1P1)→1s2(1S0) transitions for Ti in the electronic temperature ranges from 0.1keV to 20 keV. The results show that the temperature sensitivities are higher at the electronic temperature less than 5000 eV and the temperature sensitivities will decrease with the increase of electronic temperature.
基金Supported by the Heilongjiang Provincial Natural Science Research Foundation (A0308).
文摘With the rapid development of China's foreign trade, the coastal and inland waterway transport has been increased rapidly. The potential market for marine engines is more and more obvious. The measurement of the engine temperature and strain becomes very important. The fluorescence fiber sensors are broadly used to measure temperature, concentration, and pH value, etc. The fluorescence sensing systems are based on different principles, namely fluorescence intensity, fluorescence intensity ratio, and fluorescence lifetime. The fluorescence lifetime is an effective parameter for sensing purpose, because it is independent of the intensity of the pumping source and does not need expensive narrow-band filters. An experiment system has been established, in which some samples were produced to measure the fluorescence lifetime and temperature characteristics and the relationship of the strain and temperature versus the fluorescence lifetime was achieved at the same time. The experiment result was fitted and analyzed. The test results show that the fluorescence lifetime decreases with the increasing of temperature. The change of fluorescence lifetime with the strain is inconspicuous comparing to that with the temperature.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 61703025)。
文摘We demonstrate an experimental method for the in situ temperature measurement of atomic vapor using the saturated absorption spectrum. By separately manipulating the frequency of the pump and probe beams, the position of the crossover peaks can move along the spectrum. Different velocity classes of atoms contribute to the crossover during the movement. We study the relationship between the intensity change of peaks and vapor temperature. Our experimental result around room temperature shows a deviation of less than 0.3 K. Compared with traditional thermometry using absorption spectroscopy, higher accuracy can theoretically be achieved with real-time thermometry.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11574377)the State Key Development Program for Basic Research of China(Grant Nos.2018YFA0305700 and 2014CB921500)+1 种基金the Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.QYZDB-SSW-SLH013)the JSPS KAKENHI(Grant No.15H03681)
文摘We will build a cubic anvil cell （CAC） apparatus for high-pressure and low-temperature physical property measurements in the synergic extreme condition user facility （SECUF）. In this article, we first introduce the operating principle, the development history, and the current status of the CAC apparatus, and subsequently describe the design plan and technical targets for the CAC in SECUF. We will demonstrate the unique advantages of CAC, i.e., excellent pressure homogeneity and large hydrostatic pressure capacity, by summarizing our recent research progresses using CAC. Finally, we conclude by providing some perspectives on the applications of CAC in the related research fields.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars,China(Grant No.51425505)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.61471324)+1 种基金the Program for the Outstanding Innovative Teams of Higher Learning Institutions of Shanxi Province,China(Grant No.2013-077)the Graduate Students Outstanding Innovation Project of Shanxi Province,China(Grant No.20143020)
文摘In this paper, a novel antenna is proposed for high-temperature testing, which can make the high-temperature pressure characteristics of a wireless passive ceramic pressure sensor demonstrated at up to a temperature of 600℃. The design parameters of the antenna are similar to those of the sensor, which will increase the coupling strength between the sensor and testing antenna. The antenna is fabricated in thick film integrated technology, and the properties of the alumina ceramic and silver ensure the feasibility of the antenna in high-temperature environments. The sensor, coupled with the ceramic antenna, is investigated using a high-temperature pressure testing platform. The experimental measurement results show that the pressure signal in a harsh environment can be detected by the frequency diversity of the sensor.
文摘A high precision, high antijamming multipoint infrared telemetry system was developed to measure the piston temperature in internal combustion engine. The temperature at the measuring point is converted into corresponding voltage signal by the thermo-couple first. Then after the V/F stage, the voltage signal is converted into the frequency signal to drive the infrared light-emitting diode to transmit infrared pulses. At the receiver end, a photosensitive audion receives the infrared pulses. After conversion, the voltage recorded by the receiver stands for the magnitude of temperature at the measuring point. Test results of the system indicate that the system is practical and the system can perform multipoint looping temperature measurements for the piston.
文摘In both numerical simulation and experimental research for the piston of internal combustion engine, the verification foundations are always insufficient. The reason is the measurements for its transient temperature and stress under actual operation conditions are very difficult. A multi-channel measurement-storage technology is used in the engine bench experiment to measure the piston temperature and stress in real time. The temperature and stress changes in the engine operation process are obtained. They provide reliable instructive criteria for numerical analysis and experiment of the piston working state.
基金Sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (10772032)
文摘An infrared colorimetric radiation thermometrical system was established based on the theory of optical radiation. The dynamic temperature history of fuel air explosive (FAE) was measured to obtain the temperature responses of primary initiation FAE and secondary initiation FAE in real time. And the characteristics of their temperature history curves were compared and analyzed. The results show that the primary initiation FAE has higher explosion temperature and longer duration compared to the secondary initiation FAE.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.52276185,52276189 and 51976057)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant No.2021MS126)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (Grant No.BK20231209)the Proof-of-Concept Project of Zhongguancun Open Laboratory (Grant No.20220981113)。
文摘Flame temperature and spectral emissivity were the important parameters characterizing the sufficient degree of fuel combustion and the particle radiative characteristics in the Rocket Based Combined Cycle(RBCC)combustor.To investigate the combustion characteristics of the complex supersonic flame in the RBCC combustor,a new radiation thermometry combined with Levenberg-Marquardt(LM)algorithm and the least squares method was proposed to measure the temperature,emissivity and spectral radiative properties based on the flame emission spectrum.In-situ measurements of the flame temperature,emissivity and spectral radiative properties were carried out in the RBCC direct-connected test bench with laser-induced plasma combustion enhancement(LIPCE)and without LIPCE.The flame average temperatures at fuel global equivalence ratio(a)of 1.0b and 0.6 with LIPCE were 4.51%and 2.08%higher than those without LIPCE.The flame combustion oscillation of kerosene tended to be stable in the recirculation zone of cavity with the thermal and chemical effects of laser induced plasma.The differences of flame temperature at a=1.0b and 0.6 were 503 K and 523 K with LIPCE,which were 20.07%and42.64%lower than those without LIPCE.The flame emissivity with methane assisted ignition was 80.46%lower than that without methane assisted ignition,due to the carbon-hydrogen ratio of kerosene was higher than that of methane.The spectral emissivities at 600 nm with LIPCE were 1.25%,22.2%,and 4.22%lower than those without LIPCE at a=1.0a(with methane assisted ignition),1.0b(without methane assisted ignition)and 0.6.The effect of concentration in the emissivity was removed by normalization to analyze the flame radiative properties in the RBCC combustor chamber.The maximum differences of flame normalized emissivity were 50.91%without LIPCE and 27.53%with LIPCE.The flame radiative properties were stabilized under the thermal and chemical effects of laser induced plasma at a=0.6.
基金supported by the Key Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 50534040)the Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 40471021)
文摘In order to study the evolution of the freezing fringe and final lenses of frost susceptible soils and advance the understanding of frost heave and mechanism of frost heave control, we used an open one-dimensional frost heave test system of infrared radiation technology, instead of a traditional thermistor method. Temperatures of the freezing fringe and segregated ice were measured in a non-contact mode. The results show that accurate and precise temperatures of ice segregation can be obtained by infrared thermal imaging systems. A self-developed inversion program inverted the temperature field of frozen soils. Based on our analysis of temperature variation in segregated ice and our study of the relationship between temperature and rate of ice segregation in cooling and warming processes during intermittent freezing, the mechanism of decreasing frost heave of frozen soils by controlling the growth of final lenses with an intermittent freezing mode, can be explained properly.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.91641118)the Fenglei Youth Innovation Fund of China Aerodynamics and Research Development Center,China(Grant Nos.FLYIF20160017 and PJD20180131).
文摘Laminar methane/air premixed flames at different pressures in a newly developed high-pressure laminar burner are studied through Cantera simulation and filtered Rayleigh scattering(FRS).Different gas component fractions are obtained through the detailed numerical simulations.And this approach can be used to correct the FRS images of large variations in a Rayleigh cross section in different flame regimes.The temperature distribution above the flat burner is then presented without stray light interference from soot and wall reflection.Results also show that the extent of agreement with the single point measurement by the thermocouple is<6%.Finally,this study concludes that the relative uncertainty of the presented filtered Rayleigh scattering diagnostics is estimated to be below 10%in single-shot imaging.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51975293)Aeronautical Science Foundation of China (No. 2019ZD052010)
文摘Aiming at the shortcomings of traditional contact measurement methods such as low measurement efficiency,high cost and low accuracy,a non-contact optical measurement method based on the laser displacement sensor is proposed.According to the relevant regulations of the coaxiality error evaluation standard and the structural characteristics of the compound gear shaft,we have designed and built a set of supporting software system as well as a hardware test platform.In this paper,the distance difference threshold and scale threshold methods are used to eliminate outlier data.The least squares circle is selected to calculate the center of the circle and the minimum containment cylinder axis method is used as the reference axis of the composite gear shaft.Compensated by the standard step shaft calibration,the coaxiality error of the composite gear shaft can be measured to be within 0.01 mm in less than two minutes.The range value of the multi-section measurement test is 0.065 mm.The average coaxiality error is∅0.476 mm.
文摘Electrical sensing systems, such as those involving eutectic salt, are mostly used in connection to leakage from existing airborne high-temperature air-conducting pipelines. Such complex structured systems are susceptible to external interferences and, thus, cannot meet the increasingly strict monitoring needs of a complex air-conducting pipeline system of an aircraft. In view of this point, this paper studies an alternative sensor system based on a dense array fiber grating. To obtain a compact and light-weight airborne signal processing system, a field programmable gate array is used as the main control core that controls the output of the light source. The functions of pulse modulation, analog-to-digital conversion,data buffering and transmission are integrated into a single system, while the linear sensing monitoring is obtained by detecting the time-division and wavelength-division wavelength drift signals of the fiber Bragg grating array. Our experiments show that the spatial resolution of the linear sensing system approaches 5 cm, the temperature measurement accuracy reaches 2 ℃, the temperature measurement range is between 0–250 ℃, and the response time is within 4 s. Compared with the existing electrical monitoring systems, various monitoring indicators have been greatly improved and have broad application prospects.
