The results of pot and pond trials are as follows.On equal amount of nitrogen(N)applied,the wheat nitrate reduction activity(NRA)and photosynthesis strength and other phy-siological properties are stronger and yields ...The results of pot and pond trials are as follows.On equal amount of nitrogen(N)applied,the wheat nitrate reduction activity(NRA)and photosynthesis strength and other phy-siological properties are stronger and yields are higher at normal soil moisture than those atdrought.At the same soil moisture,in a certain range of N applied,these properties of wheat in-crease with the increasing of N applied,but they descend when the amount of N applied exceedsa certain range.展开更多
After the sewage treatment, putting the wet sludge in which the heavy metal content is extremely low, corrupt and broken straw, bentonite, urea in proportioning according to the certain ratio, mixing well-distributed,...After the sewage treatment, putting the wet sludge in which the heavy metal content is extremely low, corrupt and broken straw, bentonite, urea in proportioning according to the certain ratio, mixing well-distributed, taking the shape of Nitrogen slow-release fertilizers, doing the dynamic bioleaching test by the method of Artificial rainfall simulation, researching the slow-release characteristic, water retention. When the mass ratio of the wet sludge whose water content is 82.5%: bentonite: corrupt and broken straw: urea is 62.5: 12.5: 12.5: 12.5, drip washing the 10g Nitrogen slow-release fertilizers by the 80ml distilled water after 48h, the residue rate of urea is 29.63%; Under the room temperature of 25 ℃, 77%RH, moisture evaporate 46.32% after 60 h. The results demonstrate that the slow-release fertilizer has a good release-effect of nitrogen and water conservation effect. It provides the basic for the development and application of the sewage in the aspect of Nitrogen slow-release fertilizers.展开更多
The study was designated to explore the physiological mechanism of cold tolerance enhanced by phosphate in rice. An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different levels of phosphate fertilizer on co...The study was designated to explore the physiological mechanism of cold tolerance enhanced by phosphate in rice. An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different levels of phosphate fertilizer on cold tolerance and its related physiological parameters in rice seedings （chilling-sensitive cv. Changbai 9 and chilling-tolerant cv. Jijing 81） under low temperature stress. At the same time, the identification of cold tolerance was conducted. Compared with the normal temperature treatment, the relative chlorophyll content, photosynthesis rate, Fv/Fm and qP decreased and index of unsaturated fatty acid increased in rice under low temperature stress. The effect of chilling-sensitive cultivars was more than that of chilling-tolerant cultivars, more phosphorus fertilizer properly improved seedling quality of rice, slowed relative chlorophyll content dropping degree of rice seeding, increased photosynthesis rate, Fv/Fm, qP and index of unsaturated fatty acids, and enhanced the ability to chilling-tolerant cultivars under low temperature. The effect on chilling-tolerant cultivars was significantly higher than that on chilling sensitive cultivars by applying more phosphorus fertilizer. Phosphate regulated photosynthetic physiology and membrane fluidity to reduce injury by low temperature, and increasd the cold tolerance capacity of rice.展开更多
To achieve the purpose of reducing farm non-point source pollution, we integrated site specific nitrogen management precise irrigation, controlled drainage, and wetland eco-repair system in dike area of Taihu basin. D...To achieve the purpose of reducing farm non-point source pollution, we integrated site specific nitrogen management precise irrigation, controlled drainage, and wetland eco-repair system in dike area of Taihu basin. During investigation, it had given prominence for the water and fertilizer coupling effects of precise irrigation and site specific nutrient management, the characteristics of integration on controlled irrigation, controlled drainage and wetland ecosystem non-point source pollution control. Then the water and fertilizer integrated management mode of paddy field was put forward in Taihu basin where the water production efficiency increased to 1.64 kg. m-3, water saved 37.8%, fertilizer use efficiency raised 15,4%, yield raised 10%, and N, P load decreased 26%-72%. The modern agricultural and farmland ecosystems that control and cut down the farm non-point source pollution came into being, which can be a reference by Taihu basin to control its agricultural non-point source pollution and eutrophicated water body.展开更多
Background:Many studies have indicated that straw-returning could meet part or even all of the potassium(K)demand for crop growth in the field,but few have compared the effects of crop straw as K source and inorganic ...Background:Many studies have indicated that straw-returning could meet part or even all of the potassium(K)demand for crop growth in the field,but few have compared the effects of crop straw as K source and inorganic K fertilizer on carbon–nitrogen(C–N)balance of cotton and the reproductive growth.To address this,field experiments were conducted using the cotton cultivar,Siza 3,under there treatments(CK as control group one,no crop straw and inorganic K fertilizer were applied;K150 as control group two,150 kg·ha^(-1) of K2O was applied;and W9000,9000 kg·ha^(-1) wheat straw,which could provide K2O about 150 kg·ha^(-1),was incorporated into soil).Results:Although the final reproductive organ biomass did not differ between W9000 and K150,W9000 had a higher ratio of reproductive organ biomass to total biomass(RRT),suggesting that straw-returning was more conducive to the allocation of biomass to reproductive organs.The theoretical maximum biomass of reproductive organ was higher,but the average and maximum accumulation rates of reproductive organ biomass were 2.8%∼8.3%and 2.5%∼8.2%lower under W9000 than K150.Also,the duration of rapid-accumulation period for reproductive organ biomass(T)was 2.0∼2.8 d longer under W9000 than K150,which was a reason for the higher RRT under W9000.Straw-returning altered the dynamics of leaf K with the growth period,so that W9000 had a more drastic effect on leaf C metabolism than K150.Consequently,lower soluble sugar/free amino acid and C/N ratios were measured under W9000 than K150 at boll-setting(BSS)and boll-opening(BOS)stages.Higher leaf net photosynthetic rate,sucrose phosphate synthase and sucrose synthase activities,and lower acid invertase activity were observed under W9000 than K150 at BSS and BOS and these were more conducive to sucrose accumulation.However,less sucrose was measured under W9000 than K150 at these stages.This should be because straw-returning promoted the assimilate transport capacity when compared with inorganic K fertilizer application,which also explained the higher RRT under W9000 than K150.The lower acid invertase activity under W9000 inhibited the conversion of sucrose to other sugars,hence lower contents of soluble sugar and starch were measured under W9000 than K150.Conclusion:Under low K condition,crop straw as K source can increase the assimilate transport from source to sink,leading to lower C/N ratio in leaf and higher allocation of biomass to reproductive organs than inorganic K fertilizer.展开更多
The response of pungency of hot pepper fruits nitrogenous fertilizer on was invesigated. The results indicated that nitrogenous fertilizer had a significant effect on the capsaicin content of hot pepper fruits at 35 a...The response of pungency of hot pepper fruits nitrogenous fertilizer on was invesigated. The results indicated that nitrogenous fertilizer had a significant effect on the capsaicin content of hot pepper fruits at 35 and 42 days after flowering;, capsaicin content gradually decreased, while peroxidase activity increased with nitrogenous fertilizer increasing.展开更多
有机肥部分替代化肥是一种实现化肥减量的可持续农业生产措施。本研究于2020和2021连续2年以“沁黄2号”为供试材料,设不施氮(CK)、常量化肥氮(NPK)、有机肥替代25%化肥氮(25%M)、有机肥替代50%化肥氮(50%M)、有机肥替代75%化肥氮(75%M...有机肥部分替代化肥是一种实现化肥减量的可持续农业生产措施。本研究于2020和2021连续2年以“沁黄2号”为供试材料,设不施氮(CK)、常量化肥氮(NPK)、有机肥替代25%化肥氮(25%M)、有机肥替代50%化肥氮(50%M)、有机肥替代75%化肥氮(75%M)和有机肥替代100%化肥氮(100%M) 6个处理,研究不同替代率对谷子产量构成和氮素吸收的影响,并分析氮素吸收调控小米米色、糊化特性和类胡萝卜素组分的效应,明确谷子生产中有机肥最佳替代率。结果表明,2年中较低的有机肥替代化肥氮率显著提高了谷子植株氮素累积,但随着替代率的持续增加,植株氮素累积量呈降低趋势,最终影响谷子产量和小米品质。2020年, 25%M处理显著提高了谷子地上部氮素累积量,较NPK处理提高9.6%;2021年,25%M处理谷子地上部氮素累积量、生物量、穗粒数和产量达到最高,较NPK处理分别提高6.1%、12.0%、15.4%和12.0%。50%M处理显著影响了小米的米色、糊化特征和类胡萝卜素含量,与NPK相比,小米籽粒红绿值、橘色值、支链淀粉含量、总淀粉含量、小米糊化最终黏度、叶黄素含量、玉米黄质含量和黄色素含量的增幅分别可达6.0%、6.0%、7.4%、4.3%、7.8%、20.7%、17.4%和2.8%。但有机肥完全替代化肥降低了谷子地上部氮素吸收、地上部生物量、穗粒数及谷子产量,也抑制了小米叶黄素和玉米黄质含量的提升。2年均表现出谷子地上部氮吸收量与小米单粒重、直链淀粉含量和小米糊化回升值呈显著的负相关。且2021年谷子地上部氮吸收量还与小米总淀粉含量、蛋白质含量、小米粉糊化峰值黏度和小米黄色素含量呈显著的负相关,与小米糊化峰谷黏度呈显著的正相关。综上,施氮总量120 kg hm^(–2)下,有机肥替代25%~50%化肥氮能通过促进植株氮素的吸收,实现产量、米色、蒸煮特性及类胡萝卜素的协同提升,为谷子化肥减量和提质增效生产提供技术支撑。展开更多
文摘The results of pot and pond trials are as follows.On equal amount of nitrogen(N)applied,the wheat nitrate reduction activity(NRA)and photosynthesis strength and other phy-siological properties are stronger and yields are higher at normal soil moisture than those atdrought.At the same soil moisture,in a certain range of N applied,these properties of wheat in-crease with the increasing of N applied,but they descend when the amount of N applied exceedsa certain range.
文摘After the sewage treatment, putting the wet sludge in which the heavy metal content is extremely low, corrupt and broken straw, bentonite, urea in proportioning according to the certain ratio, mixing well-distributed, taking the shape of Nitrogen slow-release fertilizers, doing the dynamic bioleaching test by the method of Artificial rainfall simulation, researching the slow-release characteristic, water retention. When the mass ratio of the wet sludge whose water content is 82.5%: bentonite: corrupt and broken straw: urea is 62.5: 12.5: 12.5: 12.5, drip washing the 10g Nitrogen slow-release fertilizers by the 80ml distilled water after 48h, the residue rate of urea is 29.63%; Under the room temperature of 25 ℃, 77%RH, moisture evaporate 46.32% after 60 h. The results demonstrate that the slow-release fertilizer has a good release-effect of nitrogen and water conservation effect. It provides the basic for the development and application of the sewage in the aspect of Nitrogen slow-release fertilizers.
基金Supported by the Special Agricultural Project of Agricultural Department (200903003)the Agricultural Modernization Project in the Science and Technology Development Plan of Jilin Province (2009-2010) the High-yield Project of Science and Technology Department (2011BAD16B10)
文摘The study was designated to explore the physiological mechanism of cold tolerance enhanced by phosphate in rice. An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different levels of phosphate fertilizer on cold tolerance and its related physiological parameters in rice seedings （chilling-sensitive cv. Changbai 9 and chilling-tolerant cv. Jijing 81） under low temperature stress. At the same time, the identification of cold tolerance was conducted. Compared with the normal temperature treatment, the relative chlorophyll content, photosynthesis rate, Fv/Fm and qP decreased and index of unsaturated fatty acid increased in rice under low temperature stress. The effect of chilling-sensitive cultivars was more than that of chilling-tolerant cultivars, more phosphorus fertilizer properly improved seedling quality of rice, slowed relative chlorophyll content dropping degree of rice seeding, increased photosynthesis rate, Fv/Fm, qP and index of unsaturated fatty acids, and enhanced the ability to chilling-tolerant cultivars under low temperature. The effect on chilling-tolerant cultivars was significantly higher than that on chilling sensitive cultivars by applying more phosphorus fertilizer. Phosphate regulated photosynthetic physiology and membrane fluidity to reduce injury by low temperature, and increasd the cold tolerance capacity of rice.
基金Supported by NSFC (50839002)Society Development Program of Jiangsu Province (BS2007139)
文摘To achieve the purpose of reducing farm non-point source pollution, we integrated site specific nitrogen management precise irrigation, controlled drainage, and wetland eco-repair system in dike area of Taihu basin. During investigation, it had given prominence for the water and fertilizer coupling effects of precise irrigation and site specific nutrient management, the characteristics of integration on controlled irrigation, controlled drainage and wetland ecosystem non-point source pollution control. Then the water and fertilizer integrated management mode of paddy field was put forward in Taihu basin where the water production efficiency increased to 1.64 kg. m-3, water saved 37.8%, fertilizer use efficiency raised 15,4%, yield raised 10%, and N, P load decreased 26%-72%. The modern agricultural and farmland ecosystems that control and cut down the farm non-point source pollution came into being, which can be a reference by Taihu basin to control its agricultural non-point source pollution and eutrophicated water body.
基金funded by the National Key R&D Program of China(2020YFD1001002)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(KYLH201901)Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production(JCIC-MCP).
文摘Background:Many studies have indicated that straw-returning could meet part or even all of the potassium(K)demand for crop growth in the field,but few have compared the effects of crop straw as K source and inorganic K fertilizer on carbon–nitrogen(C–N)balance of cotton and the reproductive growth.To address this,field experiments were conducted using the cotton cultivar,Siza 3,under there treatments(CK as control group one,no crop straw and inorganic K fertilizer were applied;K150 as control group two,150 kg·ha^(-1) of K2O was applied;and W9000,9000 kg·ha^(-1) wheat straw,which could provide K2O about 150 kg·ha^(-1),was incorporated into soil).Results:Although the final reproductive organ biomass did not differ between W9000 and K150,W9000 had a higher ratio of reproductive organ biomass to total biomass(RRT),suggesting that straw-returning was more conducive to the allocation of biomass to reproductive organs.The theoretical maximum biomass of reproductive organ was higher,but the average and maximum accumulation rates of reproductive organ biomass were 2.8%∼8.3%and 2.5%∼8.2%lower under W9000 than K150.Also,the duration of rapid-accumulation period for reproductive organ biomass(T)was 2.0∼2.8 d longer under W9000 than K150,which was a reason for the higher RRT under W9000.Straw-returning altered the dynamics of leaf K with the growth period,so that W9000 had a more drastic effect on leaf C metabolism than K150.Consequently,lower soluble sugar/free amino acid and C/N ratios were measured under W9000 than K150 at boll-setting(BSS)and boll-opening(BOS)stages.Higher leaf net photosynthetic rate,sucrose phosphate synthase and sucrose synthase activities,and lower acid invertase activity were observed under W9000 than K150 at BSS and BOS and these were more conducive to sucrose accumulation.However,less sucrose was measured under W9000 than K150 at these stages.This should be because straw-returning promoted the assimilate transport capacity when compared with inorganic K fertilizer application,which also explained the higher RRT under W9000 than K150.The lower acid invertase activity under W9000 inhibited the conversion of sucrose to other sugars,hence lower contents of soluble sugar and starch were measured under W9000 than K150.Conclusion:Under low K condition,crop straw as K source can increase the assimilate transport from source to sink,leading to lower C/N ratio in leaf and higher allocation of biomass to reproductive organs than inorganic K fertilizer.
文摘The response of pungency of hot pepper fruits nitrogenous fertilizer on was invesigated. The results indicated that nitrogenous fertilizer had a significant effect on the capsaicin content of hot pepper fruits at 35 and 42 days after flowering;, capsaicin content gradually decreased, while peroxidase activity increased with nitrogenous fertilizer increasing.
文摘有机肥部分替代化肥是一种实现化肥减量的可持续农业生产措施。本研究于2020和2021连续2年以“沁黄2号”为供试材料,设不施氮(CK)、常量化肥氮(NPK)、有机肥替代25%化肥氮(25%M)、有机肥替代50%化肥氮(50%M)、有机肥替代75%化肥氮(75%M)和有机肥替代100%化肥氮(100%M) 6个处理,研究不同替代率对谷子产量构成和氮素吸收的影响,并分析氮素吸收调控小米米色、糊化特性和类胡萝卜素组分的效应,明确谷子生产中有机肥最佳替代率。结果表明,2年中较低的有机肥替代化肥氮率显著提高了谷子植株氮素累积,但随着替代率的持续增加,植株氮素累积量呈降低趋势,最终影响谷子产量和小米品质。2020年, 25%M处理显著提高了谷子地上部氮素累积量,较NPK处理提高9.6%;2021年,25%M处理谷子地上部氮素累积量、生物量、穗粒数和产量达到最高,较NPK处理分别提高6.1%、12.0%、15.4%和12.0%。50%M处理显著影响了小米的米色、糊化特征和类胡萝卜素含量,与NPK相比,小米籽粒红绿值、橘色值、支链淀粉含量、总淀粉含量、小米糊化最终黏度、叶黄素含量、玉米黄质含量和黄色素含量的增幅分别可达6.0%、6.0%、7.4%、4.3%、7.8%、20.7%、17.4%和2.8%。但有机肥完全替代化肥降低了谷子地上部氮素吸收、地上部生物量、穗粒数及谷子产量,也抑制了小米叶黄素和玉米黄质含量的提升。2年均表现出谷子地上部氮吸收量与小米单粒重、直链淀粉含量和小米糊化回升值呈显著的负相关。且2021年谷子地上部氮吸收量还与小米总淀粉含量、蛋白质含量、小米粉糊化峰值黏度和小米黄色素含量呈显著的负相关,与小米糊化峰谷黏度呈显著的正相关。综上,施氮总量120 kg hm^(–2)下,有机肥替代25%~50%化肥氮能通过促进植株氮素的吸收,实现产量、米色、蒸煮特性及类胡萝卜素的协同提升,为谷子化肥减量和提质增效生产提供技术支撑。
