In order to make systems that are based on unreliable components reliable, the design of fault tolerant architectures will be necessary. Inspired by von Neumann＇s negative AND（NAND）multiplexing and William＇s inter...In order to make systems that are based on unreliable components reliable, the design of fault tolerant architectures will be necessary. Inspired by von Neumann＇s negative AND（NAND）multiplexing and William＇s interwoven redundant logic, this paper presents a fault tolerant technique based on redundancy-modified NAND gates for future nanocomputers. Bifurcation theory is used to analyze fault tolerant ability of the system and the simulation results show that the new system has a much higher fault tolerant ability than the conventional multiplexing based on NAND gates.According to the evaluation, the proposed architecture can tolerate a device error rate of up to 10-1, with multiple redundant components. This fault tolerant technique is potentially useful for future nanoelectronics.展开更多
This review presents a reflection-type holographic memory using three-dimensional(3D)speckle-shift multiplexing. First, the schematic of the proposed memory system was described. Then,experimental demonstrations of mu...This review presents a reflection-type holographic memory using three-dimensional(3D)speckle-shift multiplexing. First, the schematic of the proposed memory system was described. Then,experimental demonstrations of multiplexing in plane and along the depth direction were presented. The estimated storage capacity of single layer recording was introduced and the maximum storage capacity was discussed. To increase the storage capacity, the multi-layered recording was described. In the multilayered recording, the storage capacity can be increased by appropriate arrangement of holograms in each layer.展开更多
Smart antenna has been regarded as one promising technology to enhance the performance of CDMA mobile communication systems. However, when applied to 3G systems, the performance of traditional adaptive arrays may degr...Smart antenna has been regarded as one promising technology to enhance the performance of CDMA mobile communication systems. However, when applied to 3G systems, the performance of traditional adaptive arrays may degrade due to code and time multiplexing in dedicated physical channels. A novel semiblind adaptive array approach is proposed to solve this problem. It overcomes the selfinterfering problem by introducing a quasidespreading technique for the control channel, and contains a timemultipexed structure to utilize both pilot symbols and unknown control symbols within the control channel. The blind part of the proposed approach is based on the competition of two parallel branches with different reference sequences. Simulation results show significant improvement can be achieved by the proposed approach in a fastfading WCDMA environment.展开更多
Classical swine fever virus （CSFV） and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus （PRRSV） have caused immense economic loss in the pig industry and are considered to be the two most important infectious d...Classical swine fever virus （CSFV） and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus （PRRSV） have caused immense economic loss in the pig industry and are considered to be the two most important infectious diseases of pigs in the world A multiplex reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction （multiplex RT-PCR） was developed for CSFV and PRRSV co-infections or infections, respectively. A set of two pairs of primer was designed based on the sequence of nonstructural protein NS54B of CSFV and ORF7 gene of PRRSV. The diagnostic accuracy of multiplex RT-PCR assay was evaluated by using 56 field clinical samples by multiplex RT-PCR, single RT-PCR and sequence analysis; and the specificity of multiplex PCR was verified by using constructed plasmids containing the specific viral target fragments of PRRSV and CSFV, respectively. The results indicated that this assay could reliably differentiate PRRSV and CSFV in co-infection samples. The multiplex RT-PCR developed in this study might provide a new avenue to the rapid the detection of CSFV and PRRSV in one reaction.展开更多
A cross-linkable fluorinated poly (ether ether ketone) (FPEEK) was synthesized for the fabrication of arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) multiplexer. The results of thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and near-infrared ab...A cross-linkable fluorinated poly (ether ether ketone) (FPEEK) was synthesized for the fabrication of arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) multiplexer. The results of thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and near-infrared absorption spectrum show that the materials have high thermal stability and high optical transparency in the infrared communication region. The refractive index of FPEEK can be controlled easily by changing the fluorine content of the materials. The 32-channel AWG multiplexer is fabricated using the FPEEK and oxygen reactive ion etching technology. The AWG multiplexer exhibits that the insertion loss is from 12.8 to 17.8 dB and the channel crosstalk is less than-20 dB. The wavelength channel spacing and the center wavelength are 0.8nm and 1548nm, respectively.展开更多
A multiplex reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (multiplex RT-PCR) was developed for the detection of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) and porcine ...A multiplex reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (multiplex RT-PCR) was developed for the detection of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) and porcine group A rotavirus (GAR). Three pairs of primers were designed to target the M gene, N gene, and VP7 gene of PEDV, TGEV, GAR, respectively, and the multiplex RT-PCR was developed and optimized. The results of the multiplex RT-PCR and routine single RT-PCRs were compared using samples collected in the field. In laboratory testing, the detection limit of the multiplex RT-PCR is ～35 pg RNA of combined TGEV-PEDV-GAR vaccine. In the field trial, 75 fecal specimens collected from pigs with diarrhea, in the central area of China, were simultaneously tested by the multiplex RT-PCR and by routine single RT-PCRs to evaluate the relative sensitivity and specificity of the multiplex RT-PCR. The results indicate that this new assay is equal in quality to the routine RT-PCR assays (sensitivities were 92%, 100%, 100% for PEDV, TGEV, GAR, respectively; specificity was 100% for all three viruses). The multiplex RT-PCR, with high sensitivity and specificity, provides a new and alternative tool for the detection of PEDV, TGEV and GAR.展开更多
HIRFL-CSRe是兰州重离子加速器装置HIRFL(heavy ion research facility in Lanzhou)的后加速冷却储存环CSR(cooler storage ring)系统中的实验环部分,其中的二极铁磁铁对电源的性能提出了更高的要求。为满足此类磁铁电源高精度指标需求...HIRFL-CSRe是兰州重离子加速器装置HIRFL(heavy ion research facility in Lanzhou)的后加速冷却储存环CSR(cooler storage ring)系统中的实验环部分,其中的二极铁磁铁对电源的性能提出了更高的要求。为满足此类磁铁电源高精度指标需求并解决其技术难点,研制高精度直流电源装置。电源主回路采用多重化电路拓扑结构,控制部分采用多变量耦合的数字模拟混合控制策略,工艺结构采用功率变换器等关键部件标准化设计。实验结果表明,电源输出电流稳定度≤5×10^(-6)/8 h,电源的其他性能指标也达到了加速器物理设计的要求,并通过了验收测试。展开更多
Red-green-blue(RGB)beam combiners are widely used in scenarios such as augmented reality/virtual reality(AR/VR),laser projection,biochemical detection,and other fields.Optical waveguide combiners have attracted extens...Red-green-blue(RGB)beam combiners are widely used in scenarios such as augmented reality/virtual reality(AR/VR),laser projection,biochemical detection,and other fields.Optical waveguide combiners have attracted extensive attention due to their advantages of small size,high multiplexing efficiency,convenient mass production,and low cost.An RGB beam combiner based on directional couplers is designed,with a core-cladding relative refractive index difference of 0.75%.The RGB beam combiner is optimized from the perspective of parameter optimization.Using the beam propagation method(BPM),the relationship between the performance of the RGB beam combiner and individual parameters is studied,achieving preliminary optimization of the device’s performance.The key parameters of the RGB beam combiner are optimized using the entropy weight-technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution TOPSIS method,establishing the optimal parameter scheme and further improving the device’s performance indicators.The results show that after optimization,the multiplexing efficiencies for red,green,and blue lights,as well as the average multiplexing efficiency,reached 99.17%,99.76%,96.63%and 98.52%,respectively.The size of the RGB beam combiner is 4.768 mm×0.062 mm.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61571149)
文摘In order to make systems that are based on unreliable components reliable, the design of fault tolerant architectures will be necessary. Inspired by von Neumann＇s negative AND（NAND）multiplexing and William＇s interwoven redundant logic, this paper presents a fault tolerant technique based on redundancy-modified NAND gates for future nanocomputers. Bifurcation theory is used to analyze fault tolerant ability of the system and the simulation results show that the new system has a much higher fault tolerant ability than the conventional multiplexing based on NAND gates.According to the evaluation, the proposed architecture can tolerate a device error rate of up to 10-1, with multiple redundant components. This fault tolerant technique is potentially useful for future nanoelectronics.
文摘This review presents a reflection-type holographic memory using three-dimensional(3D)speckle-shift multiplexing. First, the schematic of the proposed memory system was described. Then,experimental demonstrations of multiplexing in plane and along the depth direction were presented. The estimated storage capacity of single layer recording was introduced and the maximum storage capacity was discussed. To increase the storage capacity, the multi-layered recording was described. In the multilayered recording, the storage capacity can be increased by appropriate arrangement of holograms in each layer.
文摘Smart antenna has been regarded as one promising technology to enhance the performance of CDMA mobile communication systems. However, when applied to 3G systems, the performance of traditional adaptive arrays may degrade due to code and time multiplexing in dedicated physical channels. A novel semiblind adaptive array approach is proposed to solve this problem. It overcomes the selfinterfering problem by introducing a quasidespreading technique for the control channel, and contains a timemultipexed structure to utilize both pilot symbols and unknown control symbols within the control channel. The blind part of the proposed approach is based on the competition of two parallel branches with different reference sequences. Simulation results show significant improvement can be achieved by the proposed approach in a fastfading WCDMA environment.
文摘Classical swine fever virus （CSFV） and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus （PRRSV） have caused immense economic loss in the pig industry and are considered to be the two most important infectious diseases of pigs in the world A multiplex reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction （multiplex RT-PCR） was developed for CSFV and PRRSV co-infections or infections, respectively. A set of two pairs of primer was designed based on the sequence of nonstructural protein NS54B of CSFV and ORF7 gene of PRRSV. The diagnostic accuracy of multiplex RT-PCR assay was evaluated by using 56 field clinical samples by multiplex RT-PCR, single RT-PCR and sequence analysis; and the specificity of multiplex PCR was verified by using constructed plasmids containing the specific viral target fragments of PRRSV and CSFV, respectively. The results indicated that this assay could reliably differentiate PRRSV and CSFV in co-infection samples. The multiplex RT-PCR developed in this study might provide a new avenue to the rapid the detection of CSFV and PRRSV in one reaction.
文摘A cross-linkable fluorinated poly (ether ether ketone) (FPEEK) was synthesized for the fabrication of arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) multiplexer. The results of thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and near-infrared absorption spectrum show that the materials have high thermal stability and high optical transparency in the infrared communication region. The refractive index of FPEEK can be controlled easily by changing the fluorine content of the materials. The 32-channel AWG multiplexer is fabricated using the FPEEK and oxygen reactive ion etching technology. The AWG multiplexer exhibits that the insertion loss is from 12.8 to 17.8 dB and the channel crosstalk is less than-20 dB. The wavelength channel spacing and the center wavelength are 0.8nm and 1548nm, respectively.
文摘A multiplex reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (multiplex RT-PCR) was developed for the detection of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) and porcine group A rotavirus (GAR). Three pairs of primers were designed to target the M gene, N gene, and VP7 gene of PEDV, TGEV, GAR, respectively, and the multiplex RT-PCR was developed and optimized. The results of the multiplex RT-PCR and routine single RT-PCRs were compared using samples collected in the field. In laboratory testing, the detection limit of the multiplex RT-PCR is ～35 pg RNA of combined TGEV-PEDV-GAR vaccine. In the field trial, 75 fecal specimens collected from pigs with diarrhea, in the central area of China, were simultaneously tested by the multiplex RT-PCR and by routine single RT-PCRs to evaluate the relative sensitivity and specificity of the multiplex RT-PCR. The results indicate that this new assay is equal in quality to the routine RT-PCR assays (sensitivities were 92%, 100%, 100% for PEDV, TGEV, GAR, respectively; specificity was 100% for all three viruses). The multiplex RT-PCR, with high sensitivity and specificity, provides a new and alternative tool for the detection of PEDV, TGEV and GAR.
文摘HIRFL-CSRe是兰州重离子加速器装置HIRFL(heavy ion research facility in Lanzhou)的后加速冷却储存环CSR(cooler storage ring)系统中的实验环部分,其中的二极铁磁铁对电源的性能提出了更高的要求。为满足此类磁铁电源高精度指标需求并解决其技术难点,研制高精度直流电源装置。电源主回路采用多重化电路拓扑结构,控制部分采用多变量耦合的数字模拟混合控制策略,工艺结构采用功率变换器等关键部件标准化设计。实验结果表明,电源输出电流稳定度≤5×10^(-6)/8 h,电源的其他性能指标也达到了加速器物理设计的要求,并通过了验收测试。
基金Project(52175445)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2022JJ30743)supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,China+1 种基金Project(2023GK2024)supported by the Key Research and Development Program of Hunan Province,ChinaProject(2023ZZTS0391)supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China。
文摘Red-green-blue(RGB)beam combiners are widely used in scenarios such as augmented reality/virtual reality(AR/VR),laser projection,biochemical detection,and other fields.Optical waveguide combiners have attracted extensive attention due to their advantages of small size,high multiplexing efficiency,convenient mass production,and low cost.An RGB beam combiner based on directional couplers is designed,with a core-cladding relative refractive index difference of 0.75%.The RGB beam combiner is optimized from the perspective of parameter optimization.Using the beam propagation method(BPM),the relationship between the performance of the RGB beam combiner and individual parameters is studied,achieving preliminary optimization of the device’s performance.The key parameters of the RGB beam combiner are optimized using the entropy weight-technique for order preference by similarity to an ideal solution TOPSIS method,establishing the optimal parameter scheme and further improving the device’s performance indicators.The results show that after optimization,the multiplexing efficiencies for red,green,and blue lights,as well as the average multiplexing efficiency,reached 99.17%,99.76%,96.63%and 98.52%,respectively.The size of the RGB beam combiner is 4.768 mm×0.062 mm.
