This paper mainly covers a method for preparing a highly alkaline magnesium linoleate solution with a total base number(TBN) value of 328 mg KOH/g using linoleic acid as the biodegradable raw material, which can subst...This paper mainly covers a method for preparing a highly alkaline magnesium linoleate solution with a total base number(TBN) value of 328 mg KOH/g using linoleic acid as the biodegradable raw material, which can substitute for traditional lubricant detergents as an environmentally friendly detergent. Reaction conditions, including the molar ratio of magnesium oxide to linoleic acid, the molar ratio of methanol to magnesium oxide, the carbonation temperature, the molar ratio of water to magnesium oxide, the flow rate of CO2 gas and the duration for injection of CO2 to magnesium oxide system, were optimized.展开更多
An innovative idea was proposed to prepare the overbased nano-sized calcium carbonate-calcium petroleum sulfonate in-situ the HIGEE reactor. The test sample prepared by this technology could meet the requirement of th...An innovative idea was proposed to prepare the overbased nano-sized calcium carbonate-calcium petroleum sulfonate in-situ the HIGEE reactor. The test sample prepared by this technology could meet the requirement of the industry standard SH0042-91 for the first-grade product on a par with similar overseas product. The test results obtained upon observation under microscope after freezing etching of specimen revealed that the crystal size of colloidal calcium sulfonate was in the range of 10-30 nm with an average size of 20 nm. The size of the detergent additive was uniform with good transmittance and fluidity. The HIGEE technology possesses five specific features as shown below: Firstly, the carbonation reaction is completed in one step with the reaction time reduced by more than 50% as compared to traditional batch reactor process along with enhanced reaction efficiency, good operability of the process and stabilized product quality. Secondly, ammonia emitted from the reaction is used as the co- promoter without the need for adding ammonia and water as promoters to simplify the promoter system along with effective and strong coupling of reactions. Thirdly, the utilization rate of Ca(OH)2 and CO2 is increased by 15% and 30%, respectively, with product yield increased by 15%, and calcium residue decreased by 65%. Fourthly, the HIGEE technology is environmental benign because of gasoline is used in this technology instead of toxic toluene and xylene. Fifthly, the dimension of HIGEE reactor is reduced by above two-thirds. The success in development of this new technology will offer new ideas and technology platform for the synthesis of metal detergent additive to lubricating oils in China.展开更多
Using molecular dynamics simulations based on classical mechanic method, the mechanism of competitive adsorption between gasoline detergent and deposit on Fe(110) surface was investigated. The representative simulatio...Using molecular dynamics simulations based on classical mechanic method, the mechanism of competitive adsorption between gasoline detergent and deposit on Fe(110) surface was investigated. The representative simulation relating to the deposit molecule and the gasoline detergent molecule with high market share were selected as the model compound. It was found that when the detergent and deposit molecules exist at the same time, the detergent molecules would compete with the deposit molecules to reduce the adsorption of the deposit on Fe(110) so as to protect the metal surface. In addition, the ESP distribution is further confirmed that the detergent molecule has higher adsorption ability than the deposit molecule with the DFT theory. The essence of competitive adsorption is further revealed in detail, which is very important for the development of new type high-efficiency detergent additives.展开更多
Overbased lubricant detergents are important components in lubricating oil. Recently, a lot of papers about the synthesis mechanism, colloidal structure, acid neutralization and antifrictiorL properties of overbased d...Overbased lubricant detergents are important components in lubricating oil. Recently, a lot of papers about the synthesis mechanism, colloidal structure, acid neutralization and antifrictiorL properties of overbased detergents have been published with the development of experimental techniques, which can help us better understand the process of preparation and application of overbased detergents and propound new strategies for improving various performances of overbased detergents. In the future, the synthesis of environmentally friendly and multi-functional lubricant detergent using biodegradable vegetable oil instead of mineral oil as raw materials will be a primary objective for the colloidal lubricant detergent industry.This paper mainly presents the latest advances in the investigation of colloidal lubricant detergents.展开更多
This article covers a method for synthesizing environmentally friendly multifunctional metal (calcium,magnesium) oleate detergents with antioxidation property.These multifunctional metal (calcium,magnesium) oleate det...This article covers a method for synthesizing environmentally friendly multifunctional metal (calcium,magnesium) oleate detergents with antioxidation property.These multifunctional metal (calcium,magnesium) oleate detergents with antioxidation property were synthesized using oil-soluble liquid antioxidants (PPIBP,PPIBTSTBP,and PPIBPDA) as reactive functional materials.These oil-soluble liquid antioxidants have the potential to be used as functional materials for application in synthesizing other kinds of substrate detergents.展开更多
Overbased calcium sulfonate is used widely as detergent in automotive and marine lubricants,as well as various industrial oil applications.In this paper,the process to produce overbased calcium sulfonate is overviewed...Overbased calcium sulfonate is used widely as detergent in automotive and marine lubricants,as well as various industrial oil applications.In this paper,the process to produce overbased calcium sulfonate is overviewed.The sulfonate structure and molecular weight and its molecular weight distribution,the enclosed calcium carbonate nanoparticle size and crystalline structure,properties of the carrier oil,all influence its properties,such as stability,viscosity,and detergency of the system.展开更多
This article describes a method for synthesizing an excellent oil soluble calcium isostearate detergent using isostearic acid and calcium hydroxide as main starting materials. Reaction conditions, including the molar ...This article describes a method for synthesizing an excellent oil soluble calcium isostearate detergent using isostearic acid and calcium hydroxide as main starting materials. Reaction conditions, including the molar ratios of calcium hydroxide to isostearic acid, methanol to calcium hydroxide and water to calcium hydroxide, the carbonation temperature, the CO_2 flow rate, and the volume of injected CO_2, were optimized. Under the optimized conditions, a high alkalinity calcium isostearate detergent with a total base number(TBN) of 358 mg KOH/g and an overbased calcium isostearate detergent with a value of TBN equating to 406 mg KOH/g could be obtained. Finally, the properties of the calcium isostearate detergent were evaluated by the size distribution analysis, the thermogravimetric analysis(TGA) and the coking tendency tester.展开更多
Based on the latest study of phosphate detergent ban and restrict, the phosphorus discharge from detergent in Beijing has been investigated. According to the status of wastewater treatment plants and its practical fun...Based on the latest study of phosphate detergent ban and restrict, the phosphorus discharge from detergent in Beijing has been investigated. According to the status of wastewater treatment plants and its practical function, phosphate-based detergent's contribution to the municipal sewage is calculated to be 8.41%, which is less than the average (20% ) in most other cities of China.展开更多
Although detergent additives for gasoline have been widely commercialized,their formulas are often kept confidential and there is still no standardized method for quickly detecting the main active ingredients and eval...Although detergent additives for gasoline have been widely commercialized,their formulas are often kept confidential and there is still no standardized method for quickly detecting the main active ingredients and evaluating their effectiveness,which makes their regulation difficult.An overview of the current state of the development and application of detergent additives for gasoline in China and other regions,as well as a review of the rapid detection and performance evaluation methods available for analyzing detergent additives are given herein.The review focuses on the convenience,cost,efficiency,and feasibility of on-site detection and the evaluation of various methods,and also looks into future research directions,such as detecting and evaluating detergent additives in ethanol gasoline and with advanced engine technologies.展开更多
In this article, 12-acryloyloxystearic acid was synthesized, which was then used to prepare the magnesium 12-acryloyloxy stearate detergent. Reaction conditions for synthesizing 12-acryloyloxystearic acid, including t...In this article, 12-acryloyloxystearic acid was synthesized, which was then used to prepare the magnesium 12-acryloyloxy stearate detergent. Reaction conditions for synthesizing 12-acryloyloxystearic acid, including the molar ratio of 12-hydroxystearic acid to acrylic acid, the catalyst amount, the esterification temperature, and the esterification time, were optimized. Under the optimized conditions, the 12-acryloyloxystearic acid with an acid value of 159 mg KOH/g and a melting range of between 70.4 ℃ and 71.4 ℃ was obtained. The structure of 12-acryloyloxystearic acid was confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy. Results of preparing magnesium 12-acryloyloxy stearate detergent showed the existence of acryloyloxy radical in 12-hydroxystearic acid could improve the quality of lubricant detergent greatly.展开更多
By using molecular dynamics simulations based on the classical mechanic method,the dispersion behavior of gasoline detergent in deposit aggregation system was investigated.The representative simulation relating to the...By using molecular dynamics simulations based on the classical mechanic method,the dispersion behavior of gasoline detergent in deposit aggregation system was investigated.The representative simulation relating to the deposit molecules and the gasoline detergent molecules with high market share were selected as the model compounds.The microscopic mechanism of dispersing function of gasoline detergent was revealed in detail.It was found that due to Einterac(depo-depo)>Einteraction(gaso-gaso)>Einteraction(gaso-depo),the deposits were driven to gradually aggregate themselves in the gasoline medium.The relative strong interaction between characteristic groups in detergent molecules and deposits could weaken the interaction between deposit aggregates,which mainly comes from the Van der Waals force,the electrostatic interaction,and the orbital interaction.In order to play the dispersing role of detergent,the main factor is to enhance the interaction between the gasoline detergent and the deposit appropriately from the viewpoint of molecular structure design.展开更多
Different contents of biodiesel and petrodiesel were incorporated into diesel engine oils. The oxidative stability, detergency and antiwear performance of the formulated diesel oils were evaluated. The results indicat...Different contents of biodiesel and petrodiesel were incorporated into diesel engine oils. The oxidative stability, detergency and antiwear performance of the formulated diesel oils were evaluated. The results indicated that, compared with petrodiesel, biodiesel was more liable to promote oxidation degradation of diesel oils, leading to worse oxidative stability, detergency and antiwear ability of the oils.展开更多
基金supported by the Natural Science Research Project of Anhui Educational Committee (No. KJ2013B273)the National Students’ Innovative Training Program (No. 201210375035)the Scientific Research Foundation for Introduced Scholars, Huangshan University (No. 2013xkjq004 ).
文摘This paper mainly covers a method for preparing a highly alkaline magnesium linoleate solution with a total base number(TBN) value of 328 mg KOH/g using linoleic acid as the biodegradable raw material, which can substitute for traditional lubricant detergents as an environmentally friendly detergent. Reaction conditions, including the molar ratio of magnesium oxide to linoleic acid, the molar ratio of methanol to magnesium oxide, the carbonation temperature, the molar ratio of water to magnesium oxide, the flow rate of CO2 gas and the duration for injection of CO2 to magnesium oxide system, were optimized.
文摘An innovative idea was proposed to prepare the overbased nano-sized calcium carbonate-calcium petroleum sulfonate in-situ the HIGEE reactor. The test sample prepared by this technology could meet the requirement of the industry standard SH0042-91 for the first-grade product on a par with similar overseas product. The test results obtained upon observation under microscope after freezing etching of specimen revealed that the crystal size of colloidal calcium sulfonate was in the range of 10-30 nm with an average size of 20 nm. The size of the detergent additive was uniform with good transmittance and fluidity. The HIGEE technology possesses five specific features as shown below: Firstly, the carbonation reaction is completed in one step with the reaction time reduced by more than 50% as compared to traditional batch reactor process along with enhanced reaction efficiency, good operability of the process and stabilized product quality. Secondly, ammonia emitted from the reaction is used as the co- promoter without the need for adding ammonia and water as promoters to simplify the promoter system along with effective and strong coupling of reactions. Thirdly, the utilization rate of Ca(OH)2 and CO2 is increased by 15% and 30%, respectively, with product yield increased by 15%, and calcium residue decreased by 65%. Fourthly, the HIGEE technology is environmental benign because of gasoline is used in this technology instead of toxic toluene and xylene. Fifthly, the dimension of HIGEE reactor is reduced by above two-thirds. The success in development of this new technology will offer new ideas and technology platform for the synthesis of metal detergent additive to lubricating oils in China.
文摘Using molecular dynamics simulations based on classical mechanic method, the mechanism of competitive adsorption between gasoline detergent and deposit on Fe(110) surface was investigated. The representative simulation relating to the deposit molecule and the gasoline detergent molecule with high market share were selected as the model compound. It was found that when the detergent and deposit molecules exist at the same time, the detergent molecules would compete with the deposit molecules to reduce the adsorption of the deposit on Fe(110) so as to protect the metal surface. In addition, the ESP distribution is further confirmed that the detergent molecule has higher adsorption ability than the deposit molecule with the DFT theory. The essence of competitive adsorption is further revealed in detail, which is very important for the development of new type high-efficiency detergent additives.
文摘Overbased lubricant detergents are important components in lubricating oil. Recently, a lot of papers about the synthesis mechanism, colloidal structure, acid neutralization and antifrictiorL properties of overbased detergents have been published with the development of experimental techniques, which can help us better understand the process of preparation and application of overbased detergents and propound new strategies for improving various performances of overbased detergents. In the future, the synthesis of environmentally friendly and multi-functional lubricant detergent using biodegradable vegetable oil instead of mineral oil as raw materials will be a primary objective for the colloidal lubricant detergent industry.This paper mainly presents the latest advances in the investigation of colloidal lubricant detergents.
文摘This article covers a method for synthesizing environmentally friendly multifunctional metal (calcium,magnesium) oleate detergents with antioxidation property.These multifunctional metal (calcium,magnesium) oleate detergents with antioxidation property were synthesized using oil-soluble liquid antioxidants (PPIBP,PPIBTSTBP,and PPIBPDA) as reactive functional materials.These oil-soluble liquid antioxidants have the potential to be used as functional materials for application in synthesizing other kinds of substrate detergents.
文摘Overbased calcium sulfonate is used widely as detergent in automotive and marine lubricants,as well as various industrial oil applications.In this paper,the process to produce overbased calcium sulfonate is overviewed.The sulfonate structure and molecular weight and its molecular weight distribution,the enclosed calcium carbonate nanoparticle size and crystalline structure,properties of the carrier oil,all influence its properties,such as stability,viscosity,and detergency of the system.
基金supported by the Anhui Province Students’Innovative Training Program(No.201510375015)the Scientific Research Foundation of Huangshan University(No.2015xkjq002)
文摘This article describes a method for synthesizing an excellent oil soluble calcium isostearate detergent using isostearic acid and calcium hydroxide as main starting materials. Reaction conditions, including the molar ratios of calcium hydroxide to isostearic acid, methanol to calcium hydroxide and water to calcium hydroxide, the carbonation temperature, the CO_2 flow rate, and the volume of injected CO_2, were optimized. Under the optimized conditions, a high alkalinity calcium isostearate detergent with a total base number(TBN) of 358 mg KOH/g and an overbased calcium isostearate detergent with a value of TBN equating to 406 mg KOH/g could be obtained. Finally, the properties of the calcium isostearate detergent were evaluated by the size distribution analysis, the thermogravimetric analysis(TGA) and the coking tendency tester.
文摘Based on the latest study of phosphate detergent ban and restrict, the phosphorus discharge from detergent in Beijing has been investigated. According to the status of wastewater treatment plants and its practical function, phosphate-based detergent's contribution to the municipal sewage is calculated to be 8.41%, which is less than the average (20% ) in most other cities of China.
基金This work was supported by the SINOPEC Research Project(No.121052-2).
文摘Although detergent additives for gasoline have been widely commercialized,their formulas are often kept confidential and there is still no standardized method for quickly detecting the main active ingredients and evaluating their effectiveness,which makes their regulation difficult.An overview of the current state of the development and application of detergent additives for gasoline in China and other regions,as well as a review of the rapid detection and performance evaluation methods available for analyzing detergent additives are given herein.The review focuses on the convenience,cost,efficiency,and feasibility of on-site detection and the evaluation of various methods,and also looks into future research directions,such as detecting and evaluating detergent additives in ethanol gasoline and with advanced engine technologies.
基金This work was supported by the National Undergraduate Innovative Training Program(201410375004)the Scientific Research Foundation for Introduced Scholars,Huangshan University(2015xkjq002)the Scientific Research Foundation of Huangshan University(2014xkj012)
文摘In this article, 12-acryloyloxystearic acid was synthesized, which was then used to prepare the magnesium 12-acryloyloxy stearate detergent. Reaction conditions for synthesizing 12-acryloyloxystearic acid, including the molar ratio of 12-hydroxystearic acid to acrylic acid, the catalyst amount, the esterification temperature, and the esterification time, were optimized. Under the optimized conditions, the 12-acryloyloxystearic acid with an acid value of 159 mg KOH/g and a melting range of between 70.4 ℃ and 71.4 ℃ was obtained. The structure of 12-acryloyloxystearic acid was confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy. Results of preparing magnesium 12-acryloyloxy stearate detergent showed the existence of acryloyloxy radical in 12-hydroxystearic acid could improve the quality of lubricant detergent greatly.
基金This work was supported financially by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2017YFB0306505)the SINOPEC research project(No.118023-1 and No.119026-2).
文摘By using molecular dynamics simulations based on the classical mechanic method,the dispersion behavior of gasoline detergent in deposit aggregation system was investigated.The representative simulation relating to the deposit molecules and the gasoline detergent molecules with high market share were selected as the model compounds.The microscopic mechanism of dispersing function of gasoline detergent was revealed in detail.It was found that due to Einterac(depo-depo)>Einteraction(gaso-gaso)>Einteraction(gaso-depo),the deposits were driven to gradually aggregate themselves in the gasoline medium.The relative strong interaction between characteristic groups in detergent molecules and deposits could weaken the interaction between deposit aggregates,which mainly comes from the Van der Waals force,the electrostatic interaction,and the orbital interaction.In order to play the dispersing role of detergent,the main factor is to enhance the interaction between the gasoline detergent and the deposit appropriately from the viewpoint of molecular structure design.
基金the financial support from the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing(Project NO. CSTC, 2011JJA90020)the Science Foundation for Young Teachers of Logistical Engineering University
文摘Different contents of biodiesel and petrodiesel were incorporated into diesel engine oils. The oxidative stability, detergency and antiwear performance of the formulated diesel oils were evaluated. The results indicated that, compared with petrodiesel, biodiesel was more liable to promote oxidation degradation of diesel oils, leading to worse oxidative stability, detergency and antiwear ability of the oils.
