To achieve the purpose of reducing farm non-point source pollution, we integrated site specific nitrogen management precise irrigation, controlled drainage, and wetland eco-repair system in dike area of Taihu basin. D...To achieve the purpose of reducing farm non-point source pollution, we integrated site specific nitrogen management precise irrigation, controlled drainage, and wetland eco-repair system in dike area of Taihu basin. During investigation, it had given prominence for the water and fertilizer coupling effects of precise irrigation and site specific nutrient management, the characteristics of integration on controlled irrigation, controlled drainage and wetland ecosystem non-point source pollution control. Then the water and fertilizer integrated management mode of paddy field was put forward in Taihu basin where the water production efficiency increased to 1.64 kg. m-3, water saved 37.8%, fertilizer use efficiency raised 15,4%, yield raised 10%, and N, P load decreased 26%-72%. The modern agricultural and farmland ecosystems that control and cut down the farm non-point source pollution came into being, which can be a reference by Taihu basin to control its agricultural non-point source pollution and eutrophicated water body.展开更多
Background:For controlling the resistance to insects,in particular carpophagous and phyllophagous caterpillars,using chemical pesticides has led to contamination of cotton area in Benin.Facing this problem,alternative...Background:For controlling the resistance to insects,in particular carpophagous and phyllophagous caterpillars,using chemical pesticides has led to contamination of cotton area in Benin.Facing this problem,alternative methods including the use of entomopathogenic fungi as biopesticide could be a sound measure to preserve the environment,biodiversity and ensure good quality of crops.Previous studies have revealed the insecticidal potential of the entomopathogenic Beauveria bassiana on some insect pest species.However,little is known about its effectiveness on cotton Lepidopteran pests.This review is done to learn more about B.bassina for its application in controlling cotton insect pests,especially Lepidopteran species.Main body:Different sections of the current review deal with the related description and action modes of B.bassiana against insects,multi-trophic interactions between B.bassiana and plants,arthropods,soil and other microbes,and biological control programs including B.bassiana during last decade.Advantages and constraints in applying B.bassiana and challenges in commercialization of B.bassiana-based biopesticide have been addressed.In this review,emphasis is put on the application methods and targeted insects in various studies with regard to their applicability in cotton.Conclusion:This review helps us to identify the knowledge gaps related to application of B.bassiana on cotton pest in general and especially in Lepidopteran species in Benin.This work should be supported by complementary laboratory bioassays,station and/or fields experiments for effective management of cotton Lepidopteran pests in Benin.展开更多
ECFD （erroneous cell tail drop）, a buffer management optimization strategy is suggested which can improve the utilization of buffer resources in satellite ATM （asynchronous transfer mode） networks. The strategy, i...ECFD （erroneous cell tail drop）, a buffer management optimization strategy is suggested which can improve the utilization of buffer resources in satellite ATM （asynchronous transfer mode） networks. The strategy, in which erroneous cells caused by satellite channel and the following cells that belong to the same PDU （protocol data Unit） are discarded, concerns non-real-time data services that use higher layer protocol for retransmission. Based on EPD （early packet drop） policy, mathematical models are established with and without ECTD. The numerical results show that ECTD would optimize buffer management and improve effective throughput （goodput）, and the increment of goodput is relative to the CER （cell error ratio） and the PDU length. The higher their values are, the greater the increment. For example, when the average PDU length values are 30 and 90, the improvement of goodput are respectively about 4% and 10%.展开更多
长江流域稻油、稻稻油轮作茬口矛盾突出,油菜播种期推迟导致生长发育缓慢、产量偏低,合理的氮肥运筹是促进迟播油菜冬前生长、提高迟播油菜产量的重要措施。本试验以品种华油杂137为材料,在湖北武汉、黄冈进行大田裂区试验,设置N0:0 kg ...长江流域稻油、稻稻油轮作茬口矛盾突出,油菜播种期推迟导致生长发育缓慢、产量偏低,合理的氮肥运筹是促进迟播油菜冬前生长、提高迟播油菜产量的重要措施。本试验以品种华油杂137为材料,在湖北武汉、黄冈进行大田裂区试验,设置N0:0 kg hm^(-2),N1:150 kg hm^(-2),N2:225 kg hm^(-2),N3:300 kg hm^(-2) 4个施肥水平;S1:基施,S2:基施∶3叶期追施(5∶5),S3:基施∶5叶期追施(5∶5) 3个施肥方式,研究不同施氮量及施肥方式对迟播油菜生长发育、产量及抗倒性的影响。结果表明,随施氮量增加,武汉试点和黄冈试点油菜的产量呈先升后稳定的趋势,在N2和N3处理间籽粒产量差异不显著,武汉试点和黄冈试点在N2处理下分别比N1增加了20.76%和15.02%;根颈粗、绿叶数、干物重及产量构成因子也表现为先增加后趋于稳定;基部抗折力和上部抗折力呈先升后降的趋势,但基部倒伏指数和上部倒伏指数随施氮量增加而增加,表明增施氮肥后加剧倒伏风险,降低抗倒伏能力;氮肥利用率也随施氮量增加表现先增后降的趋势,在N2处理下,相较于N1处理武汉和黄冈试点的增幅为24.60%和42.20%,相较于N3处理武汉和黄冈试点的增幅分别为11.58%和9.04%。随施肥方式的变化,油菜产量呈先升后降的趋势,武汉试点、黄冈试点产量在S2条件下比S1增加了11.72%、11.92%,比S3增加了6.16%、6.66%;武汉试点和黄冈试点的根颈粗、绿叶数、干物重及产量构成因子均在S2处理下达到最大值;武汉试点和黄冈试点的基部抗折力、上部抗折力均呈先升后降的趋势,且均在N2S2处理下达到最大;武汉试点和黄冈试点的基部倒伏指数、上部倒伏指数呈上升趋势,均在N3S3处理下达到最大,这表明在N3S3条件下其抗倒伏能力较差,倒伏风险较大;氮肥偏生产力、氮肥贡献率、氮肥农学利用率及氮肥利用率均在S2处理下达到最大值。本试验中氮肥用量及施用方式处理间的产量差异较小,氮肥用量与施肥方式之间的互作效应未达到显著效果。综上所述,从产量、抗倒伏性等因素考虑,N2S2 (基施112.5 kg hm^(-2)+3叶期追施112.5 kg hm^(-2))是迟播油菜最佳氮肥施用方式。本研究结果可为长江流域迟播油菜氮肥施用提供理论依据与技术支撑。展开更多
目的:分析失效模式与效应分析(failure mode and effect analysis,FMEA)在口腔综合治疗台水路(DUWLs)污染管理中的应用,为临床口腔综合治疗台水路污染防控提供依据。方法:采用便利抽样法,选取某三级甲等口腔专科医院40台口腔综合治疗台(...目的:分析失效模式与效应分析(failure mode and effect analysis,FMEA)在口腔综合治疗台水路(DUWLs)污染管理中的应用,为临床口腔综合治疗台水路污染防控提供依据。方法:采用便利抽样法,选取某三级甲等口腔专科医院40台口腔综合治疗台(DCU)为研究对象,应用失效模式与效应分析法风险管理工具,组建多学科团队,通过对口腔综合治疗台所在科室口腔综合治疗台管理相关人员进行隐蔽性参与式观察,发现口腔综合治疗台管理过程中潜在失效模式及潜在失效结果,对高风险失效模式制定并实施一系列干预措施。比较失效模式与效应分析法实施前后口腔综合治疗台手机端、三用枪、漱口水端开诊前及诊疗之间医务人员冲洗行为的依从率及正确率、各失效模式的风险优先指数(RPN)降低率以及诊疗用水合格率。结果:与干预前相比,实施失效模式与效应分析法管理后口腔综合治疗台手机端、三用枪、漱口水端开诊前及诊疗之间医务人员冲洗行为的依从率及正确率均提高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);与干预前相比,实施失效模式与效应分析法管理后各项高风险失效模式RPN值均下降;与干预前相比,口腔综合治疗台手机端、三用枪、漱口水端诊疗用水合格率提高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:运用失效模式与效应分析法风险管理工具能有效提升口腔医务人员口腔综合治疗台水路污染管理水平,提高口腔诊疗用水合格率。展开更多
基金Supported by NSFC (50839002)Society Development Program of Jiangsu Province (BS2007139)
文摘To achieve the purpose of reducing farm non-point source pollution, we integrated site specific nitrogen management precise irrigation, controlled drainage, and wetland eco-repair system in dike area of Taihu basin. During investigation, it had given prominence for the water and fertilizer coupling effects of precise irrigation and site specific nutrient management, the characteristics of integration on controlled irrigation, controlled drainage and wetland ecosystem non-point source pollution control. Then the water and fertilizer integrated management mode of paddy field was put forward in Taihu basin where the water production efficiency increased to 1.64 kg. m-3, water saved 37.8%, fertilizer use efficiency raised 15,4%, yield raised 10%, and N, P load decreased 26%-72%. The modern agricultural and farmland ecosystems that control and cut down the farm non-point source pollution came into being, which can be a reference by Taihu basin to control its agricultural non-point source pollution and eutrophicated water body.
文摘Background:For controlling the resistance to insects,in particular carpophagous and phyllophagous caterpillars,using chemical pesticides has led to contamination of cotton area in Benin.Facing this problem,alternative methods including the use of entomopathogenic fungi as biopesticide could be a sound measure to preserve the environment,biodiversity and ensure good quality of crops.Previous studies have revealed the insecticidal potential of the entomopathogenic Beauveria bassiana on some insect pest species.However,little is known about its effectiveness on cotton Lepidopteran pests.This review is done to learn more about B.bassina for its application in controlling cotton insect pests,especially Lepidopteran species.Main body:Different sections of the current review deal with the related description and action modes of B.bassiana against insects,multi-trophic interactions between B.bassiana and plants,arthropods,soil and other microbes,and biological control programs including B.bassiana during last decade.Advantages and constraints in applying B.bassiana and challenges in commercialization of B.bassiana-based biopesticide have been addressed.In this review,emphasis is put on the application methods and targeted insects in various studies with regard to their applicability in cotton.Conclusion:This review helps us to identify the knowledge gaps related to application of B.bassiana on cotton pest in general and especially in Lepidopteran species in Benin.This work should be supported by complementary laboratory bioassays,station and/or fields experiments for effective management of cotton Lepidopteran pests in Benin.
文摘ECFD （erroneous cell tail drop）, a buffer management optimization strategy is suggested which can improve the utilization of buffer resources in satellite ATM （asynchronous transfer mode） networks. The strategy, in which erroneous cells caused by satellite channel and the following cells that belong to the same PDU （protocol data Unit） are discarded, concerns non-real-time data services that use higher layer protocol for retransmission. Based on EPD （early packet drop） policy, mathematical models are established with and without ECTD. The numerical results show that ECTD would optimize buffer management and improve effective throughput （goodput）, and the increment of goodput is relative to the CER （cell error ratio） and the PDU length. The higher their values are, the greater the increment. For example, when the average PDU length values are 30 and 90, the improvement of goodput are respectively about 4% and 10%.
文摘长江流域稻油、稻稻油轮作茬口矛盾突出,油菜播种期推迟导致生长发育缓慢、产量偏低,合理的氮肥运筹是促进迟播油菜冬前生长、提高迟播油菜产量的重要措施。本试验以品种华油杂137为材料,在湖北武汉、黄冈进行大田裂区试验,设置N0:0 kg hm^(-2),N1:150 kg hm^(-2),N2:225 kg hm^(-2),N3:300 kg hm^(-2) 4个施肥水平;S1:基施,S2:基施∶3叶期追施(5∶5),S3:基施∶5叶期追施(5∶5) 3个施肥方式,研究不同施氮量及施肥方式对迟播油菜生长发育、产量及抗倒性的影响。结果表明,随施氮量增加,武汉试点和黄冈试点油菜的产量呈先升后稳定的趋势,在N2和N3处理间籽粒产量差异不显著,武汉试点和黄冈试点在N2处理下分别比N1增加了20.76%和15.02%;根颈粗、绿叶数、干物重及产量构成因子也表现为先增加后趋于稳定;基部抗折力和上部抗折力呈先升后降的趋势,但基部倒伏指数和上部倒伏指数随施氮量增加而增加,表明增施氮肥后加剧倒伏风险,降低抗倒伏能力;氮肥利用率也随施氮量增加表现先增后降的趋势,在N2处理下,相较于N1处理武汉和黄冈试点的增幅为24.60%和42.20%,相较于N3处理武汉和黄冈试点的增幅分别为11.58%和9.04%。随施肥方式的变化,油菜产量呈先升后降的趋势,武汉试点、黄冈试点产量在S2条件下比S1增加了11.72%、11.92%,比S3增加了6.16%、6.66%;武汉试点和黄冈试点的根颈粗、绿叶数、干物重及产量构成因子均在S2处理下达到最大值;武汉试点和黄冈试点的基部抗折力、上部抗折力均呈先升后降的趋势,且均在N2S2处理下达到最大;武汉试点和黄冈试点的基部倒伏指数、上部倒伏指数呈上升趋势,均在N3S3处理下达到最大,这表明在N3S3条件下其抗倒伏能力较差,倒伏风险较大;氮肥偏生产力、氮肥贡献率、氮肥农学利用率及氮肥利用率均在S2处理下达到最大值。本试验中氮肥用量及施用方式处理间的产量差异较小,氮肥用量与施肥方式之间的互作效应未达到显著效果。综上所述,从产量、抗倒伏性等因素考虑,N2S2 (基施112.5 kg hm^(-2)+3叶期追施112.5 kg hm^(-2))是迟播油菜最佳氮肥施用方式。本研究结果可为长江流域迟播油菜氮肥施用提供理论依据与技术支撑。
文摘目的:分析失效模式与效应分析(failure mode and effect analysis,FMEA)在口腔综合治疗台水路(DUWLs)污染管理中的应用,为临床口腔综合治疗台水路污染防控提供依据。方法:采用便利抽样法,选取某三级甲等口腔专科医院40台口腔综合治疗台(DCU)为研究对象,应用失效模式与效应分析法风险管理工具,组建多学科团队,通过对口腔综合治疗台所在科室口腔综合治疗台管理相关人员进行隐蔽性参与式观察,发现口腔综合治疗台管理过程中潜在失效模式及潜在失效结果,对高风险失效模式制定并实施一系列干预措施。比较失效模式与效应分析法实施前后口腔综合治疗台手机端、三用枪、漱口水端开诊前及诊疗之间医务人员冲洗行为的依从率及正确率、各失效模式的风险优先指数(RPN)降低率以及诊疗用水合格率。结果:与干预前相比,实施失效模式与效应分析法管理后口腔综合治疗台手机端、三用枪、漱口水端开诊前及诊疗之间医务人员冲洗行为的依从率及正确率均提高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);与干预前相比,实施失效模式与效应分析法管理后各项高风险失效模式RPN值均下降;与干预前相比,口腔综合治疗台手机端、三用枪、漱口水端诊疗用水合格率提高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:运用失效模式与效应分析法风险管理工具能有效提升口腔医务人员口腔综合治疗台水路污染管理水平,提高口腔诊疗用水合格率。
