Combat effectiveness of unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)formations can be severely affected by the mission execution reliability.During the practical execution phase,there are inevitable risks where UAVs being destroyed o...Combat effectiveness of unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)formations can be severely affected by the mission execution reliability.During the practical execution phase,there are inevitable risks where UAVs being destroyed or targets failed to be executed.To improve the mission reliability,a resilient mission planning framework integrates task pre-and re-assignment modules is developed in this paper.In the task pre-assignment phase,to guarantee the mission reliability,probability constraints regarding the minimum mission success rate are imposed to establish a multi-objective optimization model.And an improved genetic algorithm with the multi-population mechanism and specifically designed evolutionary operators is used for efficient solution.As in the task-reassignment phase,possible trigger events are first analyzed.A real-time contract net protocol-based algorithm is then proposed to address the corresponding emergency scenario.And the dual objective used in the former phase is adapted into a single objective to keep a consistent combat intention.Three cases of different scales demonstrate that the two modules cooperate well with each other.On the one hand,the pre-assignment module can generate high-reliability mission schedules as an elaborate mathematical model is introduced.On the other hand,the re-assignment module can efficiently respond to various emergencies and adjust the original schedule within a millisecond.The corresponding animation is accessible at bilibili.com/video/BV12t421w7EE for better illustration.展开更多
The concept of unmanned weapon system-of-systems(UWSoS)involves a collection of various unmanned systems to achieve or accomplish a specific goal or mission.The mission reliability of UWSoS is represented by its abili...The concept of unmanned weapon system-of-systems(UWSoS)involves a collection of various unmanned systems to achieve or accomplish a specific goal or mission.The mission reliability of UWSoS is represented by its ability to finish a required mission above the baselines of a given mission.However,issues with heterogeneity,cooperation between systems,and the emergence of UWSoS cannot be effectively solved by traditional system reliability methods.This study proposes an effective operation-loop-based mission reliability evaluation method for UWSoS by analyzing dynamic reconfiguration.First,we present a new connotation of an effective operation loop by considering the allocation of operational entities and physical resource constraints.Then,we propose an effective operationloop-based mission reliability model for a heterogeneous UWSoS according to the mission baseline.Moreover,a mission reliability evaluation algorithm is proposed under random external shocks and topology reconfiguration,revealing the evolution law of the effective operation loop and mission reliability.Finally,a typical 60-unmanned-aerial-vehicle-swarm is taken as an example to demonstrate the proposed models and methods.The mission reliability is achieved by considering external shocks,which can serve as a reference for evaluating and improving the effectiveness of UWSoS.展开更多
Effectiveness evaluation of the joint operation system is an important basis for the demonstration and development of weapon equipment.With the consideration that existing models of system effectiveness evaluation sel...Effectiveness evaluation of the joint operation system is an important basis for the demonstration and development of weapon equipment.With the consideration that existing models of system effectiveness evaluation seldom describe the structural relationship among equipment clearly as well as reflect the dynamic,the analog-to-digital converter-graphical evaluation and review technique(ADC-GERT)network parameter estimation model is proposed based on the ADC model and the joint operation system structure.Firstly,analysis of the joint operation system structure and operation process is conducted to build the GERT network,where equipment subsystems are nodes and activities are directed arches.Then the mission effectiveness of equipment subsystems is calculated by the ADC model.The probability transfer parameters are modified by the mission effectiveness of equipment subsystems based on the Bayesian theorem,with the ADC-GERT network parameter estimation model constructed.Finally,a case study is used to validate the efficiency and dynamic of the ADC-GERT network parameter estimation model.展开更多
This paper deals with system engineering and design methodology for super low altitude satel ites in the view of the com-putational mission analysis. Due to the slight advance of imaging instruments, such as the focus...This paper deals with system engineering and design methodology for super low altitude satel ites in the view of the com-putational mission analysis. Due to the slight advance of imaging instruments, such as the focus of camera and the image element of charge coupled device （CCD）, it is an innovative and economical way to improve the camera’s resolution to enforce the satel ite to fly on the lower altitude orbit. DFH-3, the mature satel ite bus de-veloped by Chinese Academy of Space Technology, is employed to define the mass and power budgets for the computational mis-sion analysis and the detailed engineering design for super low altitude satel ites. An effective iterative algorithm is proposed to solve the ergodic representation of feasible mass and power bud-gets at the flight altitude under constraints. Besides, boundaries of mass or power exist for every altitude, where the upper boundary is derived from the maximum power, while the minimum thrust force holds the lower boundary before the power reaching the initial value. What’s more, an analytical algorithm is employed to numerical y investigate the coverage percentage over the altitude, so that the nominal altitude could be selected from al the feasi-ble altitudes based on both the mass and power budgets and the repetitive ground traces. The local time at the descending node is chosen for the nominal sun-synchronous orbit based on the average evaluation function. After determining the key orbital ele-ments based on the computational mission analysis, the detailed engineering design on the configuration and other subsystems, like power, telemetry telecontrol and communication （TT＆amp;C）, and attitude determination and control system （ADCS）, is performed based on the benchmark bus, besides, some improvements to the bus are also implemented to accommodate the flight at a super low altitude. Two operation strategies, drag-free closed-loop mode and on/off open-loop mode, are presented to maintain the satel-lite’s altitude. Final y, a flight planning schedule for the satel ite is demonstrated from its launch into the initial altitude at the very beginning to its decay to death in the end.展开更多
Since 2011,the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)has implemented the Strategic Priority Program on Space Science(SPP).A series of scientific satellites have been developed and launched,such as Dark Matter Particle Explo...Since 2011,the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)has implemented the Strategic Priority Program on Space Science(SPP).A series of scientific satellites have been developed and launched,such as Dark Matter Particle Explorer(DAMPE),Quantum Experiments at Space Scale(QUESS),Advanced Space-based Solar Observatory(ASO-S),Einstein Probe(EP),and significant scientific outcomes have been achieved.In order to plan the future space science missions in China,CAS has organized the Chinese space science community to conduct medium and long-term development strategy studies,and summarized the major scientific frontiers of space science as“One Black,Two Dark,Three Origins and Five Characterizations”.Five main scientific themes have been identified for China’s future breakthroughs,including the Extreme Universe,Space-Time Ripples,the Panoramic View of the Sun and Earth,the Habitable Planets,and Biological&Physical Science in Space.Space science satellite missions to be implemented before 2030 are proposed accordingly.展开更多
It is important to calculate the reachable domain(RD)of the manned lunar mission to evaluate whether a lunar landing site could be reached by the spacecraft. In this paper, the RD of free return orbits is quickly eval...It is important to calculate the reachable domain(RD)of the manned lunar mission to evaluate whether a lunar landing site could be reached by the spacecraft. In this paper, the RD of free return orbits is quickly evaluated and calculated via the classification and regression neural networks. An efficient databasegeneration method is developed for obtaining eight types of free return orbits and then the RD is defined by the orbit’s inclination and right ascension of ascending node(RAAN) at the perilune. A classify neural network and a regression network are trained respectively. The former is built for classifying the type of the RD, and the latter is built for calculating the inclination and RAAN of the RD. The simulation results show that two neural networks are well trained. The classification model has an accuracy of more than 99% and the mean square error of the regression model is less than 0.01°on the test set. Moreover, a serial strategy is proposed to combine the two surrogate models and a recognition tool is built to evaluate whether a lunar site could be reached. The proposed deep learning method shows the superiority in computation efficiency compared with the traditional double two-body model.展开更多
Mission planning was thoroughly studied in the areas of multiple intelligent agent systems,such as multiple unmanned air vehicles,and multiple processor systems.However,it still faces challenges due to the system comp...Mission planning was thoroughly studied in the areas of multiple intelligent agent systems,such as multiple unmanned air vehicles,and multiple processor systems.However,it still faces challenges due to the system complexity,the execution order constraints,and the dynamic environment uncertainty.To address it,a coordinated dynamic mission planning scheme is proposed utilizing the method of the weighted AND/OR tree and the AOE-Network.In the scheme,the mission is decomposed into a time-constraint weighted AND/OR tree,which is converted into an AOE-Network for mission planning.Then,a dynamic planning algorithm is designed which uses task subcontracting and dynamic re-decomposition to coordinate conflicts.The scheme can reduce the task complexity and its execution time by implementing real-time dynamic re-planning.The simulation proves the effectiveness of this approach.展开更多
Cooperative search-attack is an important application of unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)swarm in military field.The coupling between path planning and task allocation,the heterogeneity of UAVs,and the dynamic nature of t...Cooperative search-attack is an important application of unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)swarm in military field.The coupling between path planning and task allocation,the heterogeneity of UAVs,and the dynamic nature of task environment greatly increase the complexity and difficulty of the UAV swarm cooperative search-attack mission planning problem.Inspired by the collaborative hunting behavior of wolf pack,a distributed selforganizing method for UAV swarm search-attack mission planning is proposed.First,to solve the multi-target search problem in unknown environments,a wolf scouting behavior-inspired cooperative search algorithm for UAV swarm is designed.Second,a distributed self-organizing task allocation algorithm for UAV swarm cooperative attacking of targets is proposed by analyzing the flexible labor division behavior of wolves.By abstracting the UAV as a simple artificial wolf agent,the flexible motion planning and group task coordinating for UAV swarm can be realized by self-organizing.The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by a set of simulation experiments,the stability and scalability are evaluated,and the integrated solution for the coupled path planning and task allocation problems for the UAV swarm cooperative search-attack task can be well performed.展开更多
Unmanned aerial vehicle（UAV） resource scheduling means to allocate and aggregate the available UAV resources depending on the mission requirements and the battlefield situation assessment.In previous studies,the mod...Unmanned aerial vehicle（UAV） resource scheduling means to allocate and aggregate the available UAV resources depending on the mission requirements and the battlefield situation assessment.In previous studies,the models cannot reflect the mission synchronization;the targets are treated respectively,which results in the large scale of the problem and high computational complexity.To overcome these disadvantages,a model for UAV resource scheduling under mission synchronization is proposed,which is based on single-objective non-linear integer programming.And several cooperative teams are aggregated for the target clusters from the available resources.The evaluation indices of weapon allocation are referenced in establishing the objective function and the constraints for the issue.The scales of the target clusters are considered as the constraints for the scales of the cooperative teams to make them match in scale.The functions of the intersection between the ＂mission time-window＂ and the UAV ＂arrival time-window＂ are introduced into the objective function and the constraints in order to describe the mission synchronization effectively.The results demonstrate that the proposed expanded model can meet the requirement of mission synchronization,guide the aggregation of cooperative teams for the target clusters and control the scale of the problem effectively.展开更多
The KuaFu mission-Space Storms,Aurora and Space Weather Explorer-is an"L1+Polar"triple satellite project composed of three spacecraft:KuaFu-A will be located at L1 and have instruments to observe solar EUV a...The KuaFu mission-Space Storms,Aurora and Space Weather Explorer-is an"L1+Polar"triple satellite project composed of three spacecraft:KuaFu-A will be located at L1 and have instruments to observe solar EUV and FUV emissions,and white-light Coronal Mass Ejections(CMEs),and to measure radio waves,the local plasma and magnetic field,and high-energy particles.KuaFuB1 and KuaFu-B2 will bein polar orbits chosen to facilitate continuous 24 hours a day observation of the north polar Aurora Oval.The KuaFu mission is designed to observe the complete chain of disturbances from the solar atmosphere to geospace,including solar flares,CMEs,interplanetary clouds,shock waves,and their geo-effects,such as magnetospheric sub-storms and magnetic storms,and auroral activities.The mission may start at the next solar maximum(launch in about 2012),and with an initial mission lifetime of two to three years.KuaFu data will be used for the scientific study of space weather phenomena,and will be used for space weather monitoring and forecast purposes.The overall mission design,instrument complement,and incorporation of recent technologies will target new fundamental science,advance our understanding of the physical processes underlying space weather,and raise the standard of end-to-end monitoring of the Sun-Earth system.展开更多
SMESE (SMall Explorer For the study of Solar Eruptions) is a Franco-Chinese Microsatellite mission. The scientific objectives of SMESE are the study of coronal mass ejections and flares. Its payload consists of three ...SMESE (SMall Explorer For the study of Solar Eruptions) is a Franco-Chinese Microsatellite mission. The scientific objectives of SMESE are the study of coronal mass ejections and flares. Its payload consists of three instrument packages: LYOT, DESIR and HEBS. LYOT is com-posed of a Ly-α (121.6 nm) coronagraph, a Ly-α disk imager and a far UV disk imager. DESIR is an infrared telescope working at 35μm and 150μm. HEBS is a high energy burst spectrometer working in X-rays and γ-rays covering the 10keV to 600 MeV range. SMESE will be launched around 2011, providing a unique opportunity of detecting and understanding eruptions at the maximum activity phase of the solar cycle in a wide range of energies.展开更多
Space emergency launching is to send a satellite into space by using a rapid responsive solid rocket in the bounded time to implement the emergency Earth observation mission.The key and difficult points mainly include...Space emergency launching is to send a satellite into space by using a rapid responsive solid rocket in the bounded time to implement the emergency Earth observation mission.The key and difficult points mainly include the business process construction of launching mission planning,validation of the effectiveness of the launching scheme,etc.This paper pro-poses the agile space emergency launching mission planning simulation and verification method,which systematically con-structs the overall technical framework of space emergency launching mission planning with multi-field area,multi-platform and multi-task parallel under the constraint of resource schedul-ing for the first time.It supports flexible reconstruction of mis-sion planning processes such as launching target planning,tra-jectory planning,path planning,action planning and launching time analysis,and can realize on-demand assembly of operation links under different mission scenarios and different plan condi-tions,so as to quickly modify and generate launching schemes.It supports the fast solution of rocket trajectory data and the accurate analysis of multi-point salvo time window recheck and can realize the fast conflict resolution of launching missions in the dimensions of launching position and launching window sequence.It supports lightweight scenario design,modular flexi-ble simulation,based on launching style,launching platform,launching rules,etc.,can realize the independent mapping of mission planning results to two-dimensional and three-dimen-sional visual simulation models,so as to achieve a smooth con-nection between mission planning and simulation.展开更多
This study concentrates of the new generation of the agile （AEOS）. AEOS is a key study object on management problems earth observation satellite in many countries because of its many advantages over non-agile satell...This study concentrates of the new generation of the agile （AEOS）. AEOS is a key study object on management problems earth observation satellite in many countries because of its many advantages over non-agile satellites. Hence, the mission planning and scheduling of AEOS is a popular research problem. This research investigates AEOS characteristics and establishes a mission planning model based on the working principle and constraints of AEOS as per analysis. To solve the scheduling issue of AEOS, several improved algorithms are developed. Simulation results suggest that these algorithms are effective.展开更多
The tracking, telemetry and command （TT＆C） mission is extremely reliable for its characters of small time horizon and high redundancy. The combined forcing and failure biasing （CFFB） method that is usually used f...The tracking, telemetry and command （TT＆C） mission is extremely reliable for its characters of small time horizon and high redundancy. The combined forcing and failure biasing （CFFB） method that is usually used for simulating the unreliability of the highly dependable mission system seems not so efficient for the TT＆C mission. The concept about the importance of failure transition is proposed based on the logical relationship between TT＆C mission and its involved resources. Then, the importance is used for readjusting the transition rate of the failure transition when using the forcing and failure biasing during the simulation. Examples show that the improved CFFB method can evidently increase the occurrence of the TT＆C mission failure event and decrease the sample variance. More redundancy of the TT＆C mission leads to the improved CFFB method more efficient.展开更多
This paper studies the problem of the space station short-term mission planning, which aims to allocate the executing time of missions effectively, schedule the corresponding resources reasonably and arrange the time ...This paper studies the problem of the space station short-term mission planning, which aims to allocate the executing time of missions effectively, schedule the corresponding resources reasonably and arrange the time of the astronauts properly. A domain model is developed by using the ontology theory to describe the concepts, constraints and relations of the planning domain formally, abstractly and normatively. A method based on time iteration is adopted to solve the short-term planning problem. Meanwhile, the resolving strategies are proposed to resolve different kinds of conflicts induced by the constraints of power, heat, resource, astronaut and relationship. The proposed approach is evaluated in a test case with fifteen missions, thirteen resources and three astronauts. The results show that the developed domain ontology model is reasonable, and the time iteration method using the proposed resolving strategies can successfully obtain the plan satisfying all considered constraints.展开更多
The CSES(China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite)is the electromagnetism satellite of China’s Zhangheng mission which is planned to launch a series of microsatellites within next 10 years in order to monitor the elect...The CSES(China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite)is the electromagnetism satellite of China’s Zhangheng mission which is planned to launch a series of microsatellites within next 10 years in order to monitor the electromagnetic environment,gravitational field.The CSES 01 probe(also called ZH-1)was launched successfully on 2 February 2018,from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Centre(China)and is expected to operate for 5 years in orbit.The second probe CSES 02 is going to be launched in 2022.The scientific objectives of CSES are to detect the electromagnetic field and waves,plasma and particles,for studying the seismic-associated disturbances.To meet the requirements of scientific objective,the satellite is designed to be in a sun-synchronous orbit with a high inclination of 97.4°at an altitude around 507 km.CSES carries nine scientific payloads including Search-coil magnetometer,Electric Field Detector,High precision Magnetometer,GNSS occultation Receiver,Plasma Analyzer,Langmuir Probe,two Energetic Particle Detectors(including an Italian one),and Tri-Band Transmitter.Up to now,CSES has been operating in orbit for 2 years with stable and reliable performance.By using all kinds of data acquired by CSES,we have undertaken a series of scientific researches in the field of global geomagnetic field re-building,the ionospheric variation environment,waves,and particle precipitations under disturbed space weather and earthquake activities,the Lithosphere-Atmosphere-Ionosphere coupling mechanism research and so on.展开更多
Reconnaissance mission planning of multiple unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs)under an adversarial environment is a discrete combinatorial optimization problem which is proved to be a non-deterministic polynomial(NP)-comp...Reconnaissance mission planning of multiple unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs)under an adversarial environment is a discrete combinatorial optimization problem which is proved to be a non-deterministic polynomial(NP)-complete problem.The purpose of this study is to research intelligent multiUAVs reconnaissance mission planning and online re-planning algorithm under various constraints in mission areas.For numerous targets scattered in the wide area,a reconnaissance mission planning and re-planning system is established,which includes five modules,including intelligence analysis,sub-mission area division,mission sequence planning,path smoothing,and online re-planning.The intelligence analysis module depicts the attribute of targets and the heterogeneous characteristic of UAVs and computes the number of sub-mission areas on consideration of voyage distance constraints.In the sub-mission area division module,an improved K-means clustering algorithm is designed to divide the reconnaissance mission area into several sub-mission areas,and each sub-mission is detected by the UAV loaded with various detective sensors.To control reconnaissance cost,the sampling and iteration algorithms are proposed in the mission sequence planning module,which are utilized to solve the optimal or approximately optimal reconnaissance sequence.In the path smoothing module,the Dubins curve is applied to smooth the flight path,which assure the availability of the planned path.Furthermore,an online re-planning algorithm is designed for the uncertain factor that the UAV is damaged.Finally,reconnaissance planning and re-planning experiment results show that the algorithm proposed in this paper are effective and the algorithms designed for sequence planning have a great advantage in solving efficiency and optimality.展开更多
Unmanned air vehicles(UAVs) have been regularly employed in modern wars to conduct different missions. Instead of addressing mission planning and route planning separately,this study investigates the issue of joint mi...Unmanned air vehicles(UAVs) have been regularly employed in modern wars to conduct different missions. Instead of addressing mission planning and route planning separately,this study investigates the issue of joint mission and route planning for a fleet of UAVs. The mission planning determines the configuration of weapons in UAVs and the weapons to attack targets, while the route planning determines the UAV’s visiting sequence for the targets. The problem is formulated as an integer linear programming model. Due to the inefficiency of CPLEX on large scale optimization problems, an effective learningbased heuristic, namely, population based adaptive large neighborhood search(P-ALNS), is proposed to solve the model. In P-ALNS, seven neighborhood structures are designed and adaptively utilized in terms of their historical performance. The effectiveness and superiority of the proposed model and algorithm are demonstrated on test instances of small, medium and large sizes. In particular, P-ALNS achieves comparable solutions or as good as those of CPLEX on small-size(20 targets)instances in much shorter time.展开更多
China’s first Mars exploration mission is scheduled to be launched in 2020.It aims not only to conduct global and comprehensive exploration of Mars by use of an orbiter but also to carry out in situ observation of ke...China’s first Mars exploration mission is scheduled to be launched in 2020.It aims not only to conduct global and comprehensive exploration of Mars by use of an orbiter but also to carry out in situ observation of key sites on Mars with a rover.This mission focuses on the following studies:topography,geomorphology,geological structure,soil characteristics,water-ice distribution,material composition,atmosphere and ionosphere,surface climate,environmental characteristics,Mars internal structure,and Martian magnetic field.It is comprised of an orbiter,a lander,and a rover equipped with 13 scientific payloads.This article will give an introduction to the mission including mission plan,scientific objectives,scientific payloads,and its recent development progress.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Plan(Grant No.2021YFB3302501)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12102077,12161076,U2241263).
文摘Combat effectiveness of unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)formations can be severely affected by the mission execution reliability.During the practical execution phase,there are inevitable risks where UAVs being destroyed or targets failed to be executed.To improve the mission reliability,a resilient mission planning framework integrates task pre-and re-assignment modules is developed in this paper.In the task pre-assignment phase,to guarantee the mission reliability,probability constraints regarding the minimum mission success rate are imposed to establish a multi-objective optimization model.And an improved genetic algorithm with the multi-population mechanism and specifically designed evolutionary operators is used for efficient solution.As in the task-reassignment phase,possible trigger events are first analyzed.A real-time contract net protocol-based algorithm is then proposed to address the corresponding emergency scenario.And the dual objective used in the former phase is adapted into a single objective to keep a consistent combat intention.Three cases of different scales demonstrate that the two modules cooperate well with each other.On the one hand,the pre-assignment module can generate high-reliability mission schedules as an elaborate mathematical model is introduced.On the other hand,the re-assignment module can efficiently respond to various emergencies and adjust the original schedule within a millisecond.The corresponding animation is accessible at bilibili.com/video/BV12t421w7EE for better illustration.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(72101270,72001213).
文摘The concept of unmanned weapon system-of-systems(UWSoS)involves a collection of various unmanned systems to achieve or accomplish a specific goal or mission.The mission reliability of UWSoS is represented by its ability to finish a required mission above the baselines of a given mission.However,issues with heterogeneity,cooperation between systems,and the emergence of UWSoS cannot be effectively solved by traditional system reliability methods.This study proposes an effective operation-loop-based mission reliability evaluation method for UWSoS by analyzing dynamic reconfiguration.First,we present a new connotation of an effective operation loop by considering the allocation of operational entities and physical resource constraints.Then,we propose an effective operationloop-based mission reliability model for a heterogeneous UWSoS according to the mission baseline.Moreover,a mission reliability evaluation algorithm is proposed under random external shocks and topology reconfiguration,revealing the evolution law of the effective operation loop and mission reliability.Finally,a typical 60-unmanned-aerial-vehicle-swarm is taken as an example to demonstrate the proposed models and methods.The mission reliability is achieved by considering external shocks,which can serve as a reference for evaluating and improving the effectiveness of UWSoS.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(72071111,71801127,71671091)the NSFC and the UK Royal Society joint project(71811530338)+2 种基金the Special Postdoctoral Fund of China(2019TQ0150)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(NC2019003)the Intelligence Introduction Base of the Ministry of Science and Technology(G20190010178)。
文摘Effectiveness evaluation of the joint operation system is an important basis for the demonstration and development of weapon equipment.With the consideration that existing models of system effectiveness evaluation seldom describe the structural relationship among equipment clearly as well as reflect the dynamic,the analog-to-digital converter-graphical evaluation and review technique(ADC-GERT)network parameter estimation model is proposed based on the ADC model and the joint operation system structure.Firstly,analysis of the joint operation system structure and operation process is conducted to build the GERT network,where equipment subsystems are nodes and activities are directed arches.Then the mission effectiveness of equipment subsystems is calculated by the ADC model.The probability transfer parameters are modified by the mission effectiveness of equipment subsystems based on the Bayesian theorem,with the ADC-GERT network parameter estimation model constructed.Finally,a case study is used to validate the efficiency and dynamic of the ADC-GERT network parameter estimation model.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11172020)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities+1 种基金the Aerospace Science and Technology Innovation Foundation of China Aerospace Science Corporationthe Innovation Fund of China Academy of Space Technology
文摘This paper deals with system engineering and design methodology for super low altitude satel ites in the view of the com-putational mission analysis. Due to the slight advance of imaging instruments, such as the focus of camera and the image element of charge coupled device （CCD）, it is an innovative and economical way to improve the camera’s resolution to enforce the satel ite to fly on the lower altitude orbit. DFH-3, the mature satel ite bus de-veloped by Chinese Academy of Space Technology, is employed to define the mass and power budgets for the computational mis-sion analysis and the detailed engineering design for super low altitude satel ites. An effective iterative algorithm is proposed to solve the ergodic representation of feasible mass and power bud-gets at the flight altitude under constraints. Besides, boundaries of mass or power exist for every altitude, where the upper boundary is derived from the maximum power, while the minimum thrust force holds the lower boundary before the power reaching the initial value. What’s more, an analytical algorithm is employed to numerical y investigate the coverage percentage over the altitude, so that the nominal altitude could be selected from al the feasi-ble altitudes based on both the mass and power budgets and the repetitive ground traces. The local time at the descending node is chosen for the nominal sun-synchronous orbit based on the average evaluation function. After determining the key orbital ele-ments based on the computational mission analysis, the detailed engineering design on the configuration and other subsystems, like power, telemetry telecontrol and communication （TT＆amp;C）, and attitude determination and control system （ADCS）, is performed based on the benchmark bus, besides, some improvements to the bus are also implemented to accommodate the flight at a super low altitude. Two operation strategies, drag-free closed-loop mode and on/off open-loop mode, are presented to maintain the satel-lite’s altitude. Final y, a flight planning schedule for the satel ite is demonstrated from its launch into the initial altitude at the very beginning to its decay to death in the end.
基金Supported by Consultation and Evaluation Program on Academic Divisions of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(2022-DX02-B-007)。
文摘Since 2011,the Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)has implemented the Strategic Priority Program on Space Science(SPP).A series of scientific satellites have been developed and launched,such as Dark Matter Particle Explorer(DAMPE),Quantum Experiments at Space Scale(QUESS),Advanced Space-based Solar Observatory(ASO-S),Einstein Probe(EP),and significant scientific outcomes have been achieved.In order to plan the future space science missions in China,CAS has organized the Chinese space science community to conduct medium and long-term development strategy studies,and summarized the major scientific frontiers of space science as“One Black,Two Dark,Three Origins and Five Characterizations”.Five main scientific themes have been identified for China’s future breakthroughs,including the Extreme Universe,Space-Time Ripples,the Panoramic View of the Sun and Earth,the Habitable Planets,and Biological&Physical Science in Space.Space science satellite missions to be implemented before 2030 are proposed accordingly.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (12072365)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province of China (2020JJ4657)。
文摘It is important to calculate the reachable domain(RD)of the manned lunar mission to evaluate whether a lunar landing site could be reached by the spacecraft. In this paper, the RD of free return orbits is quickly evaluated and calculated via the classification and regression neural networks. An efficient databasegeneration method is developed for obtaining eight types of free return orbits and then the RD is defined by the orbit’s inclination and right ascension of ascending node(RAAN) at the perilune. A classify neural network and a regression network are trained respectively. The former is built for classifying the type of the RD, and the latter is built for calculating the inclination and RAAN of the RD. The simulation results show that two neural networks are well trained. The classification model has an accuracy of more than 99% and the mean square error of the regression model is less than 0.01°on the test set. Moreover, a serial strategy is proposed to combine the two surrogate models and a recognition tool is built to evaluate whether a lunar site could be reached. The proposed deep learning method shows the superiority in computation efficiency compared with the traditional double two-body model.
基金Projects(61071096,61003233,61073103)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProjects(20100162110012,20110162110042)supported by the Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China
文摘Mission planning was thoroughly studied in the areas of multiple intelligent agent systems,such as multiple unmanned air vehicles,and multiple processor systems.However,it still faces challenges due to the system complexity,the execution order constraints,and the dynamic environment uncertainty.To address it,a coordinated dynamic mission planning scheme is proposed utilizing the method of the weighted AND/OR tree and the AOE-Network.In the scheme,the mission is decomposed into a time-constraint weighted AND/OR tree,which is converted into an AOE-Network for mission planning.Then,a dynamic planning algorithm is designed which uses task subcontracting and dynamic re-decomposition to coordinate conflicts.The scheme can reduce the task complexity and its execution time by implementing real-time dynamic re-planning.The simulation proves the effectiveness of this approach.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61502534)the Shaanxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation(2020JQ-493)+2 种基金the Integrative Equipment Research Project of Armed Police Force(WJ20211A030018)the Military Science Project of the National Social Science Fund(WJ2019-SKJJ-C-092)the Theoretical Research Foundation of Armed Police Engineering University(WJY202148)。
文摘Cooperative search-attack is an important application of unmanned aerial vehicle(UAV)swarm in military field.The coupling between path planning and task allocation,the heterogeneity of UAVs,and the dynamic nature of task environment greatly increase the complexity and difficulty of the UAV swarm cooperative search-attack mission planning problem.Inspired by the collaborative hunting behavior of wolf pack,a distributed selforganizing method for UAV swarm search-attack mission planning is proposed.First,to solve the multi-target search problem in unknown environments,a wolf scouting behavior-inspired cooperative search algorithm for UAV swarm is designed.Second,a distributed self-organizing task allocation algorithm for UAV swarm cooperative attacking of targets is proposed by analyzing the flexible labor division behavior of wolves.By abstracting the UAV as a simple artificial wolf agent,the flexible motion planning and group task coordinating for UAV swarm can be realized by self-organizing.The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by a set of simulation experiments,the stability and scalability are evaluated,and the integrated solution for the coupled path planning and task allocation problems for the UAV swarm cooperative search-attack task can be well performed.
文摘Unmanned aerial vehicle（UAV） resource scheduling means to allocate and aggregate the available UAV resources depending on the mission requirements and the battlefield situation assessment.In previous studies,the models cannot reflect the mission synchronization;the targets are treated respectively,which results in the large scale of the problem and high computational complexity.To overcome these disadvantages,a model for UAV resource scheduling under mission synchronization is proposed,which is based on single-objective non-linear integer programming.And several cooperative teams are aggregated for the target clusters from the available resources.The evaluation indices of weapon allocation are referenced in establishing the objective function and the constraints for the issue.The scales of the target clusters are considered as the constraints for the scales of the cooperative teams to make them match in scale.The functions of the intersection between the ＂mission time-window＂ and the UAV ＂arrival time-window＂ are introduced into the objective function and the constraints in order to describe the mission synchronization effectively.The results demonstrate that the proposed expanded model can meet the requirement of mission synchronization,guide the aggregation of cooperative teams for the target clusters and control the scale of the problem effectively.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(40436015)The assessment study of the KuaFu mission was supported by the National Natural Science Foun-dation of ChinaCanadian work on the KuaFu project is supported by the Canadian Space Agency under the“Ravens Concept Study”
文摘The KuaFu mission-Space Storms,Aurora and Space Weather Explorer-is an"L1+Polar"triple satellite project composed of three spacecraft:KuaFu-A will be located at L1 and have instruments to observe solar EUV and FUV emissions,and white-light Coronal Mass Ejections(CMEs),and to measure radio waves,the local plasma and magnetic field,and high-energy particles.KuaFuB1 and KuaFu-B2 will bein polar orbits chosen to facilitate continuous 24 hours a day observation of the north polar Aurora Oval.The KuaFu mission is designed to observe the complete chain of disturbances from the solar atmosphere to geospace,including solar flares,CMEs,interplanetary clouds,shock waves,and their geo-effects,such as magnetospheric sub-storms and magnetic storms,and auroral activities.The mission may start at the next solar maximum(launch in about 2012),and with an initial mission lifetime of two to three years.KuaFu data will be used for the scientific study of space weather phenomena,and will be used for space weather monitoring and forecast purposes.The overall mission design,instrument complement,and incorporation of recent technologies will target new fundamental science,advance our understanding of the physical processes underlying space weather,and raise the standard of end-to-end monitoring of the Sun-Earth system.
文摘SMESE (SMall Explorer For the study of Solar Eruptions) is a Franco-Chinese Microsatellite mission. The scientific objectives of SMESE are the study of coronal mass ejections and flares. Its payload consists of three instrument packages: LYOT, DESIR and HEBS. LYOT is com-posed of a Ly-α (121.6 nm) coronagraph, a Ly-α disk imager and a far UV disk imager. DESIR is an infrared telescope working at 35μm and 150μm. HEBS is a high energy burst spectrometer working in X-rays and γ-rays covering the 10keV to 600 MeV range. SMESE will be launched around 2011, providing a unique opportunity of detecting and understanding eruptions at the maximum activity phase of the solar cycle in a wide range of energies.
文摘Space emergency launching is to send a satellite into space by using a rapid responsive solid rocket in the bounded time to implement the emergency Earth observation mission.The key and difficult points mainly include the business process construction of launching mission planning,validation of the effectiveness of the launching scheme,etc.This paper pro-poses the agile space emergency launching mission planning simulation and verification method,which systematically con-structs the overall technical framework of space emergency launching mission planning with multi-field area,multi-platform and multi-task parallel under the constraint of resource schedul-ing for the first time.It supports flexible reconstruction of mis-sion planning processes such as launching target planning,tra-jectory planning,path planning,action planning and launching time analysis,and can realize on-demand assembly of operation links under different mission scenarios and different plan condi-tions,so as to quickly modify and generate launching schemes.It supports the fast solution of rocket trajectory data and the accurate analysis of multi-point salvo time window recheck and can realize the fast conflict resolution of launching missions in the dimensions of launching position and launching window sequence.It supports lightweight scenario design,modular flexi-ble simulation,based on launching style,launching platform,launching rules,etc.,can realize the independent mapping of mission planning results to two-dimensional and three-dimen-sional visual simulation models,so as to achieve a smooth con-nection between mission planning and simulation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(7127106671171065+1 种基金71202168)the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province(GC13D506)
文摘This study concentrates of the new generation of the agile （AEOS）. AEOS is a key study object on management problems earth observation satellite in many countries because of its many advantages over non-agile satellites. Hence, the mission planning and scheduling of AEOS is a popular research problem. This research investigates AEOS characteristics and establishes a mission planning model based on the working principle and constraints of AEOS as per analysis. To solve the scheduling issue of AEOS, several improved algorithms are developed. Simulation results suggest that these algorithms are effective.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (71071159)
文摘The tracking, telemetry and command （TT＆C） mission is extremely reliable for its characters of small time horizon and high redundancy. The combined forcing and failure biasing （CFFB） method that is usually used for simulating the unreliability of the highly dependable mission system seems not so efficient for the TT＆C mission. The concept about the importance of failure transition is proposed based on the logical relationship between TT＆C mission and its involved resources. Then, the importance is used for readjusting the transition rate of the failure transition when using the forcing and failure biasing during the simulation. Examples show that the improved CFFB method can evidently increase the occurrence of the TT＆C mission failure event and decrease the sample variance. More redundancy of the TT＆C mission leads to the improved CFFB method more efficient.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(11402295)the Science Project of National University of Defense Technology(JC14-01-05)the Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(2015JJ3020)
文摘This paper studies the problem of the space station short-term mission planning, which aims to allocate the executing time of missions effectively, schedule the corresponding resources reasonably and arrange the time of the astronauts properly. A domain model is developed by using the ontology theory to describe the concepts, constraints and relations of the planning domain formally, abstractly and normatively. A method based on time iteration is adopted to solve the short-term planning problem. Meanwhile, the resolving strategies are proposed to resolve different kinds of conflicts induced by the constraints of power, heat, resource, astronaut and relationship. The proposed approach is evaluated in a test case with fifteen missions, thirteen resources and three astronauts. The results show that the developed domain ontology model is reasonable, and the time iteration method using the proposed resolving strategies can successfully obtain the plan satisfying all considered constraints.
基金Supported by National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFC1503501)Research Grant from Institute of Crustal Dynamics,China Earthquake Administration(ZDJ2019-22 and ZDJ2020-06)the APSCO Earthquake Research Project PhaseⅡ。
文摘The CSES(China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite)is the electromagnetism satellite of China’s Zhangheng mission which is planned to launch a series of microsatellites within next 10 years in order to monitor the electromagnetic environment,gravitational field.The CSES 01 probe(also called ZH-1)was launched successfully on 2 February 2018,from the Jiuquan Satellite Launch Centre(China)and is expected to operate for 5 years in orbit.The second probe CSES 02 is going to be launched in 2022.The scientific objectives of CSES are to detect the electromagnetic field and waves,plasma and particles,for studying the seismic-associated disturbances.To meet the requirements of scientific objective,the satellite is designed to be in a sun-synchronous orbit with a high inclination of 97.4°at an altitude around 507 km.CSES carries nine scientific payloads including Search-coil magnetometer,Electric Field Detector,High precision Magnetometer,GNSS occultation Receiver,Plasma Analyzer,Langmuir Probe,two Energetic Particle Detectors(including an Italian one),and Tri-Band Transmitter.Up to now,CSES has been operating in orbit for 2 years with stable and reliable performance.By using all kinds of data acquired by CSES,we have undertaken a series of scientific researches in the field of global geomagnetic field re-building,the ionospheric variation environment,waves,and particle precipitations under disturbed space weather and earthquake activities,the Lithosphere-Atmosphere-Ionosphere coupling mechanism research and so on.
文摘Reconnaissance mission planning of multiple unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs)under an adversarial environment is a discrete combinatorial optimization problem which is proved to be a non-deterministic polynomial(NP)-complete problem.The purpose of this study is to research intelligent multiUAVs reconnaissance mission planning and online re-planning algorithm under various constraints in mission areas.For numerous targets scattered in the wide area,a reconnaissance mission planning and re-planning system is established,which includes five modules,including intelligence analysis,sub-mission area division,mission sequence planning,path smoothing,and online re-planning.The intelligence analysis module depicts the attribute of targets and the heterogeneous characteristic of UAVs and computes the number of sub-mission areas on consideration of voyage distance constraints.In the sub-mission area division module,an improved K-means clustering algorithm is designed to divide the reconnaissance mission area into several sub-mission areas,and each sub-mission is detected by the UAV loaded with various detective sensors.To control reconnaissance cost,the sampling and iteration algorithms are proposed in the mission sequence planning module,which are utilized to solve the optimal or approximately optimal reconnaissance sequence.In the path smoothing module,the Dubins curve is applied to smooth the flight path,which assure the availability of the planned path.Furthermore,an online re-planning algorithm is designed for the uncertain factor that the UAV is damaged.Finally,reconnaissance planning and re-planning experiment results show that the algorithm proposed in this paper are effective and the algorithms designed for sequence planning have a great advantage in solving efficiency and optimality.
基金supportes by the National Nature Science Foundation o f China (71771215,62122093)。
文摘Unmanned air vehicles(UAVs) have been regularly employed in modern wars to conduct different missions. Instead of addressing mission planning and route planning separately,this study investigates the issue of joint mission and route planning for a fleet of UAVs. The mission planning determines the configuration of weapons in UAVs and the weapons to attack targets, while the route planning determines the UAV’s visiting sequence for the targets. The problem is formulated as an integer linear programming model. Due to the inefficiency of CPLEX on large scale optimization problems, an effective learningbased heuristic, namely, population based adaptive large neighborhood search(P-ALNS), is proposed to solve the model. In P-ALNS, seven neighborhood structures are designed and adaptively utilized in terms of their historical performance. The effectiveness and superiority of the proposed model and algorithm are demonstrated on test instances of small, medium and large sizes. In particular, P-ALNS achieves comparable solutions or as good as those of CPLEX on small-size(20 targets)instances in much shorter time.
基金Supported by the Major Program of the National Science Foundation of China(41590851)the Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission(Z181100002918003)。
文摘China’s first Mars exploration mission is scheduled to be launched in 2020.It aims not only to conduct global and comprehensive exploration of Mars by use of an orbiter but also to carry out in situ observation of key sites on Mars with a rover.This mission focuses on the following studies:topography,geomorphology,geological structure,soil characteristics,water-ice distribution,material composition,atmosphere and ionosphere,surface climate,environmental characteristics,Mars internal structure,and Martian magnetic field.It is comprised of an orbiter,a lander,and a rover equipped with 13 scientific payloads.This article will give an introduction to the mission including mission plan,scientific objectives,scientific payloads,and its recent development progress.
