"Metaphors We Live By"was written by George Lakoff and Mark Johnson in Chicago in 1980 published by University of Chicago Press. Lakoff and Johnson's"Metaphors We Live By"(1980) is an important..."Metaphors We Live By"was written by George Lakoff and Mark Johnson in Chicago in 1980 published by University of Chicago Press. Lakoff and Johnson's"Metaphors We Live By"(1980) is an important contribution to the study of metaphor.展开更多
Metaphors can serve as cognitive instruments.In the process of conceptualization,metaphors would reflex the way people think and affect the way they perceive things.Conceptual metaphors are often used to help layman u...Metaphors can serve as cognitive instruments.In the process of conceptualization,metaphors would reflex the way people think and affect the way they perceive things.Conceptual metaphors are often used to help layman understand abstract and complex political issues better.The author studies Martin Luther King,Jr's famous speech "I Have a Dream" from the views of cognitive linguistics,and mainly analyzes the conceptual metaphors in this political speech.展开更多
As to Fortress Besieged,it is the English version translated by Kelly.J.and N.K.Mao of Wei Cheng written by Qian Zhongshu,which includes various and fancy metaphors.To explore and find more proper and effective transl...As to Fortress Besieged,it is the English version translated by Kelly.J.and N.K.Mao of Wei Cheng written by Qian Zhongshu,which includes various and fancy metaphors.To explore and find more proper and effective translation methods of metaphors under foreignization and domestication,~1 this paper combines exemplifications in Fortress Besieged with translationrelated theories,which may help readers comprehend literary works better and promote cross-cultural communication.展开更多
As a sort of cognitive means and thinking mode,conceptual metaphor is widely applied to political discourses.Statesmen often publicize their political thoughts by using conceptual metaphors in their political discours...As a sort of cognitive means and thinking mode,conceptual metaphor is widely applied to political discourses.Statesmen often publicize their political thoughts by using conceptual metaphors in their political discourses so that the audience can understand their political ideas easily.Based on the Conceptual Metaphor Theory,this paper aims to analyze the conceptual metaphors in Xi Jinping's 2016 New Year address so as to summarize the types,functions and significance of conceptual metaphors in Chinese political discourses,in the hope of helping readers interpret political speeches better.展开更多
The thesis aims to English idioms with metaphors.English idioms should be one of the special forms in English,which is one of the most popular English language ways and obtains the clear characteristics.The research h...The thesis aims to English idioms with metaphors.English idioms should be one of the special forms in English,which is one of the most popular English language ways and obtains the clear characteristics.The research hereby should be operated for better understanding.展开更多
Metaphorarises from correlations in experience or from similarities between experiential domains,and is closely relatedwith bodily experience.Metaphor variation partially results from constraining effects of the diffe...Metaphorarises from correlations in experience or from similarities between experiential domains,and is closely relatedwith bodily experience.Metaphor variation partially results from constraining effects of the differential cognitive styles of individualspeakers and groups,as well as context.Context is an important factor in regarding metaphor universality and variation.展开更多
American linguist and translator Eugene Nida put forward the principle of equivalent effect, which states clearly that the same information, though expressed by two different languages, must have the equivalent effect...American linguist and translator Eugene Nida put forward the principle of equivalent effect, which states clearly that the same information, though expressed by two different languages, must have the equivalent effect on the SL receptors as well as on the TL readers. The article will mainly discuss the translation of metaphors by the principle of equivalent effect.展开更多
Metaphors have been described as a central role of our cognitive apparatus. It is central to our understanding of how language, thought and discourse are structured. Animal metaphors as an important part of metaphors ...Metaphors have been described as a central role of our cognitive apparatus. It is central to our understanding of how language, thought and discourse are structured. Animal metaphors as an important part of metaphors take advantage of the animals' characteristics to describe a person or a thing vividly and chiefly. Sometimes animal metaphors will give people a humorous and novel picture. In linguistics, it can fill in the vacancy in languages, and make the expression exact and visually. Metaphor is kind of figure of speech. The thesis analyzes the function and style of metaphor and discusses the metaphors' structure in grammar. How we understand the animal's meaning is the key to translate the animal metaphors. All the animal words have both denotative meanings and connotative meanings. In most cases, the animals connotative meanings are the same or similar. People usually have the same idea about the animals; therefore, even the people who do not know English can understand some animal metaphors However, due to his tory, religion, phonetics, geography, life style, aesthetics and social psychology, the animals' connotative meanings are different or even con trary. Facing these problems, how we translate the animal metaphors. I find four methods: adaptation, simile with explanation, paraphrase, and annotation. Adaptation is very efficient for the animal metaphors, which have counterpart in Chinese. Simile-with-explanation is the commonest method to translate animal metaphors, which are similar across the cultures easy to comprehend. Paraphrase is the last method to translate animal metaphors, and especially it can deal with any case that the animal metaphors are profound. Annotation is used to trans late animal metaphors in context, particularly in written English. Using the four methods, we can translate animal metaphors successfully. And while we are doing translation, we should understand English animals' name very well, and pay attention to the Chinese animals' meaning to make sure our readers understand the author's in tended meanings. The thesis consists of five parts. The first part of the thesis states the significance and necessity of topic, problems to be solved in the thesis, and the framework of the thesis. The second part is literature review. The third part analyzes the animal vocabulary's meanings. The fourth part gives four methods to do the animal metaphors translation. The conclusion part reviews the whole thesis and points out the weakness to be improved.展开更多
Metaphor is a figure of speech in which one thing is compared to another by saying that A is B or using words as"as"or"like".Love is human beings’eternal theme.Studying love metaphors in both Engl...Metaphor is a figure of speech in which one thing is compared to another by saying that A is B or using words as"as"or"like".Love is human beings’eternal theme.Studying love metaphors in both English and Chinese language from the perspective of cognition can help people understand the working mechanism of love metaphors better.展开更多
Critical metaphor analysis is a new research paradigm in critical discourse analysis.As a corpus-based methodology,CMA probes into metaphor both pragmatically and cognitively so as to reveal beliefs,attitudes and emot...Critical metaphor analysis is a new research paradigm in critical discourse analysis.As a corpus-based methodology,CMA probes into metaphor both pragmatically and cognitively so as to reveal beliefs,attitudes and emotions of a discourse community.Based on this framework,the present paper conducts an analysis of typical gender metaphors in advertisement,with an aim to reveal the ideology behind gender metaphors and how the advertisers promote sells by using such metaphors.展开更多
Metaphor is not only a kind of rhetoric, but the cognitive method and way of thinking people widely use. The author thinks that the cognition of the basic color metaphor is an important cognitive tool to human's k...Metaphor is not only a kind of rhetoric, but the cognitive method and way of thinking people widely use. The author thinks that the cognition of the basic color metaphor is an important cognitive tool to human's knowledge of the world.展开更多
In point of cognitive view,metaphor is not only an ornamental devices used in rhetorical style,but also a kind of powerful cogni-tive tools for our conceptualization of the world and a thinking way of humanity.Human b...In point of cognitive view,metaphor is not only an ornamental devices used in rhetorical style,but also a kind of powerful cogni-tive tools for our conceptualization of the world and a thinking way of humanity.Human beings' cognition rule determines that humanbody and organs are the basis of human experience.People know the objective world through the metaphorical cognition of human bodyinitially,and the human-body metaphor is the most general way of thinking for the primitive people.Head is considered an importantpart of human body and head behaves abundant metaphor properties.Based on the English and Chinese corpus,this paper has made acontrastive study on the metaphoric features of expressions involving the Chinese"Tou"and English"Head",throughing light on similar-ities and differences in metaphorical construction and operation mechanism.展开更多
The headline plays an important role in news report, which is a guide for readers to have a quick understanding the information of news. The headline is the"eye"of the news and it often has a lot of metaphor...The headline plays an important role in news report, which is a guide for readers to have a quick understanding the information of news. The headline is the"eye"of the news and it often has a lot of metaphors. The traditional theory of metaphor holds that as a rhetorical means, metaphor is mainly employed in literary works, while the theory of cognitive metaphor holds that metaphor is pervasive in our thought, action and language. The paper will discuss and analyze the characteristics of metaphors in headlines by analyzing a large number of English news examples. From the perspective of cognitive linguistics, this paper attempts to help readers to better understand the use of metaphors in headlines.展开更多
Based on the differences between Chinese and English culture,and the common knowledge of human beings on the outside world,the paper first compares Flower in both cultures,then covers their understanding of the whole ...Based on the differences between Chinese and English culture,and the common knowledge of human beings on the outside world,the paper first compares Flower in both cultures,then covers their understanding of the whole process of flower ranging from budding to withering,and the corresponding metaphorical expressions based the above-mentioned differences and different metaphors.The cognitive understanding of flower metaphors and their corresponding developing process in these two cultures are also discussed in the paper.展开更多
The translation of metaphors has been receiving more and more attention.For the differences between Chinese,which is regarded as a contextual language,and English,this paper makes a general introduction of metaphor,an...The translation of metaphors has been receiving more and more attention.For the differences between Chinese,which is regarded as a contextual language,and English,this paper makes a general introduction of metaphor,and the principle and criteria of translating English metaphors into Chinese.展开更多
In the study of metaphor, as a branch of the general cognitive science, cognitive linguistics has been walking forward at all times. In recent years, attention has gradually been paid on the metaphor study in the Chin...In the study of metaphor, as a branch of the general cognitive science, cognitive linguistics has been walking forward at all times. In recent years, attention has gradually been paid on the metaphor study in the Chinese academic circles, and some domestic scholars have carried out research one after another, mainly through some daily expression, poetry, prose or novel to analyze and demonstrate the similarities and differences of love metaphors in Chinese and western culture. The new exploration of the role of metaphor in poetry and the cognitive mechanism was included, and it gained some achievements. The innovation of this paper is that it breaks the confinition to everyday expression, literature, combing with classic and modern songs in English and Chinese, to compare the love metaphor in English and Chinese songs.展开更多
This thesis analyzes the book King Gesar and its English version through cognitive metaphors or concept metaphors.It studies on the three types of metaphors among them and the target domain coming from emotions,nature...This thesis analyzes the book King Gesar and its English version through cognitive metaphors or concept metaphors.It studies on the three types of metaphors among them and the target domain coming from emotions,nature and animals.Its purpose is to provide a cognitive understanding for translation practices.展开更多
In this paper, Robert Frost's poetry is the main object of study. The thesis studies metaphor using the CIT and CMT. The thesis is to offer a new perspective for Frost's poetry interpretation and to prove that...In this paper, Robert Frost's poetry is the main object of study. The thesis studies metaphor using the CIT and CMT. The thesis is to offer a new perspective for Frost's poetry interpretation and to prove that the cognitive mechanism of CMT and CIT can work as effective tools in the interpretation of his poems. This study analyzes The Pasture, After Apple-Picking, Fire and Ice, Come in. And the following conclusions are drawn: first and foremost, in Frost's poems, nature is an essential image. Frost uses many images. Second, metaphor in Frost's poems comes from the basic conceptual metaphor in our daily life. Metaphor plays a very important role in understanding the poem. Metaphor used in his poems is from his physical and mental feelings.展开更多
Toni Morrison as a great African-American writer produces many perfect novels. In her novels the shining points not only lie in the internal full-bodied black cultural tradition, but also lie in the absorption of the ...Toni Morrison as a great African-American writer produces many perfect novels. In her novels the shining points not only lie in the internal full-bodied black cultural tradition, but also lie in the absorption of the black folk oral literature and a great number of African myth and legend. She also gets influences from the skill of the Western Magical Realism of which the most important things are the use of metaphors and symbols. There are a lot of extremely profound symbolic images in Toni Morrison's novels. The Bluest Eye is the typical representation of these shining points. Above all, there is a great significance to analyze the symbolic images for achieving a deeper understanding of Toni Morrison's novels.展开更多
文摘"Metaphors We Live By"was written by George Lakoff and Mark Johnson in Chicago in 1980 published by University of Chicago Press. Lakoff and Johnson's"Metaphors We Live By"(1980) is an important contribution to the study of metaphor.
文摘Metaphors can serve as cognitive instruments.In the process of conceptualization,metaphors would reflex the way people think and affect the way they perceive things.Conceptual metaphors are often used to help layman understand abstract and complex political issues better.The author studies Martin Luther King,Jr's famous speech "I Have a Dream" from the views of cognitive linguistics,and mainly analyzes the conceptual metaphors in this political speech.
文摘As to Fortress Besieged,it is the English version translated by Kelly.J.and N.K.Mao of Wei Cheng written by Qian Zhongshu,which includes various and fancy metaphors.To explore and find more proper and effective translation methods of metaphors under foreignization and domestication,~1 this paper combines exemplifications in Fortress Besieged with translationrelated theories,which may help readers comprehend literary works better and promote cross-cultural communication.
文摘As a sort of cognitive means and thinking mode,conceptual metaphor is widely applied to political discourses.Statesmen often publicize their political thoughts by using conceptual metaphors in their political discourses so that the audience can understand their political ideas easily.Based on the Conceptual Metaphor Theory,this paper aims to analyze the conceptual metaphors in Xi Jinping's 2016 New Year address so as to summarize the types,functions and significance of conceptual metaphors in Chinese political discourses,in the hope of helping readers interpret political speeches better.
文摘The thesis aims to English idioms with metaphors.English idioms should be one of the special forms in English,which is one of the most popular English language ways and obtains the clear characteristics.The research hereby should be operated for better understanding.
文摘Metaphorarises from correlations in experience or from similarities between experiential domains,and is closely relatedwith bodily experience.Metaphor variation partially results from constraining effects of the differential cognitive styles of individualspeakers and groups,as well as context.Context is an important factor in regarding metaphor universality and variation.
文摘American linguist and translator Eugene Nida put forward the principle of equivalent effect, which states clearly that the same information, though expressed by two different languages, must have the equivalent effect on the SL receptors as well as on the TL readers. The article will mainly discuss the translation of metaphors by the principle of equivalent effect.
文摘Metaphors have been described as a central role of our cognitive apparatus. It is central to our understanding of how language, thought and discourse are structured. Animal metaphors as an important part of metaphors take advantage of the animals' characteristics to describe a person or a thing vividly and chiefly. Sometimes animal metaphors will give people a humorous and novel picture. In linguistics, it can fill in the vacancy in languages, and make the expression exact and visually. Metaphor is kind of figure of speech. The thesis analyzes the function and style of metaphor and discusses the metaphors' structure in grammar. How we understand the animal's meaning is the key to translate the animal metaphors. All the animal words have both denotative meanings and connotative meanings. In most cases, the animals connotative meanings are the same or similar. People usually have the same idea about the animals; therefore, even the people who do not know English can understand some animal metaphors However, due to his tory, religion, phonetics, geography, life style, aesthetics and social psychology, the animals' connotative meanings are different or even con trary. Facing these problems, how we translate the animal metaphors. I find four methods: adaptation, simile with explanation, paraphrase, and annotation. Adaptation is very efficient for the animal metaphors, which have counterpart in Chinese. Simile-with-explanation is the commonest method to translate animal metaphors, which are similar across the cultures easy to comprehend. Paraphrase is the last method to translate animal metaphors, and especially it can deal with any case that the animal metaphors are profound. Annotation is used to trans late animal metaphors in context, particularly in written English. Using the four methods, we can translate animal metaphors successfully. And while we are doing translation, we should understand English animals' name very well, and pay attention to the Chinese animals' meaning to make sure our readers understand the author's in tended meanings. The thesis consists of five parts. The first part of the thesis states the significance and necessity of topic, problems to be solved in the thesis, and the framework of the thesis. The second part is literature review. The third part analyzes the animal vocabulary's meanings. The fourth part gives four methods to do the animal metaphors translation. The conclusion part reviews the whole thesis and points out the weakness to be improved.
文摘Metaphor is a figure of speech in which one thing is compared to another by saying that A is B or using words as"as"or"like".Love is human beings’eternal theme.Studying love metaphors in both English and Chinese language from the perspective of cognition can help people understand the working mechanism of love metaphors better.
文摘Critical metaphor analysis is a new research paradigm in critical discourse analysis.As a corpus-based methodology,CMA probes into metaphor both pragmatically and cognitively so as to reveal beliefs,attitudes and emotions of a discourse community.Based on this framework,the present paper conducts an analysis of typical gender metaphors in advertisement,with an aim to reveal the ideology behind gender metaphors and how the advertisers promote sells by using such metaphors.
文摘Metaphor is not only a kind of rhetoric, but the cognitive method and way of thinking people widely use. The author thinks that the cognition of the basic color metaphor is an important cognitive tool to human's knowledge of the world.
文摘In point of cognitive view,metaphor is not only an ornamental devices used in rhetorical style,but also a kind of powerful cogni-tive tools for our conceptualization of the world and a thinking way of humanity.Human beings' cognition rule determines that humanbody and organs are the basis of human experience.People know the objective world through the metaphorical cognition of human bodyinitially,and the human-body metaphor is the most general way of thinking for the primitive people.Head is considered an importantpart of human body and head behaves abundant metaphor properties.Based on the English and Chinese corpus,this paper has made acontrastive study on the metaphoric features of expressions involving the Chinese"Tou"and English"Head",throughing light on similar-ities and differences in metaphorical construction and operation mechanism.
文摘The headline plays an important role in news report, which is a guide for readers to have a quick understanding the information of news. The headline is the"eye"of the news and it often has a lot of metaphors. The traditional theory of metaphor holds that as a rhetorical means, metaphor is mainly employed in literary works, while the theory of cognitive metaphor holds that metaphor is pervasive in our thought, action and language. The paper will discuss and analyze the characteristics of metaphors in headlines by analyzing a large number of English news examples. From the perspective of cognitive linguistics, this paper attempts to help readers to better understand the use of metaphors in headlines.
文摘Based on the differences between Chinese and English culture,and the common knowledge of human beings on the outside world,the paper first compares Flower in both cultures,then covers their understanding of the whole process of flower ranging from budding to withering,and the corresponding metaphorical expressions based the above-mentioned differences and different metaphors.The cognitive understanding of flower metaphors and their corresponding developing process in these two cultures are also discussed in the paper.
文摘The translation of metaphors has been receiving more and more attention.For the differences between Chinese,which is regarded as a contextual language,and English,this paper makes a general introduction of metaphor,and the principle and criteria of translating English metaphors into Chinese.
文摘In the study of metaphor, as a branch of the general cognitive science, cognitive linguistics has been walking forward at all times. In recent years, attention has gradually been paid on the metaphor study in the Chinese academic circles, and some domestic scholars have carried out research one after another, mainly through some daily expression, poetry, prose or novel to analyze and demonstrate the similarities and differences of love metaphors in Chinese and western culture. The new exploration of the role of metaphor in poetry and the cognitive mechanism was included, and it gained some achievements. The innovation of this paper is that it breaks the confinition to everyday expression, literature, combing with classic and modern songs in English and Chinese, to compare the love metaphor in English and Chinese songs.
文摘This thesis analyzes the book King Gesar and its English version through cognitive metaphors or concept metaphors.It studies on the three types of metaphors among them and the target domain coming from emotions,nature and animals.Its purpose is to provide a cognitive understanding for translation practices.
文摘In this paper, Robert Frost's poetry is the main object of study. The thesis studies metaphor using the CIT and CMT. The thesis is to offer a new perspective for Frost's poetry interpretation and to prove that the cognitive mechanism of CMT and CIT can work as effective tools in the interpretation of his poems. This study analyzes The Pasture, After Apple-Picking, Fire and Ice, Come in. And the following conclusions are drawn: first and foremost, in Frost's poems, nature is an essential image. Frost uses many images. Second, metaphor in Frost's poems comes from the basic conceptual metaphor in our daily life. Metaphor plays a very important role in understanding the poem. Metaphor used in his poems is from his physical and mental feelings.
文摘Toni Morrison as a great African-American writer produces many perfect novels. In her novels the shining points not only lie in the internal full-bodied black cultural tradition, but also lie in the absorption of the black folk oral literature and a great number of African myth and legend. She also gets influences from the skill of the Western Magical Realism of which the most important things are the use of metaphors and symbols. There are a lot of extremely profound symbolic images in Toni Morrison's novels. The Bluest Eye is the typical representation of these shining points. Above all, there is a great significance to analyze the symbolic images for achieving a deeper understanding of Toni Morrison's novels.
