This study evaluated the lard enriched with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFAs)on serum lipid composition in rats.The experiment contained two parts:(A)20 crossed pigs(Landrace×Min,60±2 kg)were assigned r...This study evaluated the lard enriched with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFAs)on serum lipid composition in rats.The experiment contained two parts:(A)20 crossed pigs(Landrace×Min,60±2 kg)were assigned randomly into two dietary groups:a control group and a group fed the diet added 10%linseed based on the control diet.This part lasted 56 days and the results showed that the levels of the total n-3 PUFA in lard were improved approximately 2-fold(p<0.05),when pigs were fed 10% flaxseed compared to a control diet of corn.The lard taken from pigs was melted and preserved for rat experiment;(B)45 Sprague-Dawley rats at day 36 were randomly fed one of three diets for 42 days:the diet without added fat,the diet contained 10% common lard from pigs fed a conventional corn ration and the diet contained 10% lard enriched with n-3 PUFA from pigs fed 10% flaxseed.Rats fed lard significantly increased(p<0.05)serum cholesterol levels compared with rats maintained on a diet without lard.However,rats fed the lard enriched with n-3 PUFA significantly decreased the level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in serum(p<0.05)and better hepatic antioxidant defense capacities,when compared with rats fed common lard(p<0.05).The results showed that pigs fed diet with n-3 PUFA produced lard enriched with n-3 PUFA and thus provided positive health benefits to the consumers.展开更多
Laboratory generated spent bleached liquor from the chlorination, caustic extraction stage of mixed wood kraft pulp processing has been analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively for various resin & fatty acid...Laboratory generated spent bleached liquor from the chlorination, caustic extraction stage of mixed wood kraft pulp processing has been analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively for various resin & fatty acids by using GC. A number of resin acids, saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, chloro fatty and resin acid have been detected and their concentrations are estimated. The results are compared with results on different agriculture residue/hardwood pulps, which were reported earlier. The concentrations of various compounds detected have also been compared with their reported LC50 values.展开更多
This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary guanidinoacetic acid on growth performance,meat quality,antioxidant activity,and antioxidant-related gene expression in ducks.Total 48042-day-old female ducks wer...This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary guanidinoacetic acid on growth performance,meat quality,antioxidant activity,and antioxidant-related gene expression in ducks.Total 48042-day-old female ducks were randomly divided into four groups with six replicates and 20 ducks per replicate and fed the basal diet to the control group.The experimental groups were fed the basal diet with 400,600 and 800 mg·kg^(-1) guanidinoacetic acid,respectively.The trial lasted 48 days.Compared with the control group,(1)the body weight at 90 days and average daily gain were increased(P<0.05),the feed conservation ratio was decreased(P<0.05);(2)the dressing percentage and breast muscle percentage were increased(P<0.05);(3)the total amino acid content,polyunsaturated fatty acids to monounsaturated fatty acids ratio were increased(P<0.05)in breast and thigh muscles;(4)activities of superoxide dismutase,catalase and glutathione peroxidase enzyme were increased(P<0.05)in thigh muscles;(5)the relative expressions of superoxide dismutase 1,glutathione peroxidase 1,and catalase were significantly increased(P<0.05)in the liver.In this study,the optimum dosage of 600 mg·kg^(-1) guanidinoacetic acid improved the growth performance,meat quality,antioxidant activity,and antioxidant-related gene expression in ducks.展开更多
Objective:To assess whether infants of diabetic mothers [pre pregnancy diabetics(PPD)and gestational diabetics mellitus(GDM)] have compromised arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acids in their plasma and the relationship...Objective:To assess whether infants of diabetic mothers [pre pregnancy diabetics(PPD)and gestational diabetics mellitus(GDM)] have compromised arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acids in their plasma and the relationship with deficiency of the same compounds in their mothers.Methods:This study was conducted on 30 diabetic mothers(both PPD and GDM)and their infants.Twenty healthy infants and their mothers with age and sex matched were included as controls.All infant(of diabetic and non diabetic mothers)were subjected to assessment of APGAR Scoring,thorough history taking and anthropometric measures.Lipid profile components as well as polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFA)were assessed in diabetic GDM and PPD and non diabetic mothers as well as in their babies.Results:High-density lipoproteir(HDL)level was found to be significantly lower in diabetic mothers(specially those with PPD)compared to non diabetic ones,whereas no significant difference was found between babies of the two groups.Also,the current study revealed that diabetic mothers(GDM and PPD)and their babies had significantly higher levels of PUFA precursors linoleic acids(LA)and alpha linoleic acids(ALA).PUFA arachidonic acid(AA)and docosahexaenoic acids(DHA)were found to be significantly lower in diabetic mothers(GDM and PPD)compared to non diabetic mothers,and same results were found in the babies of the two groups.Conclusion:Neonates with diabetic mothers(both GDM and PPD)have highly compromised plasma levels of AA and DHA PUFA,which affects the child well being by far,and produces hazardous multi-system complications on the long run.展开更多
Objective:Oleic acid,a subtype of monounsaturated fatty acid(MUFA),is present in abundance in certain edible oils,particularly olive oils.Epidemiological evidence concerning dietary oleic acid intake and the long-term...Objective:Oleic acid,a subtype of monounsaturated fatty acid(MUFA),is present in abundance in certain edible oils,particularly olive oils.Epidemiological evidence concerning dietary oleic acid intake and the long-term risk of mortality is lacking.This study aimed to evaluate the associations of the dietary intake of oleic acid and other specific subtypes of MUFAs,olive oil,and other vegetable oils with cardiovascular disease(CVD)and all-cause mortality.Methods:This prospective cohort study included adults aged 40 years or older who participated in the included U.S.adults National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(NHANES).Dietary MUFA intake was assessed via 24-h dietary recall interviews in NHANES 1999–2018,and the consumption of olive oil and other vegetable oils was assessed via a food frequency questionnaire in NHANES 2003–2006.Deaths and underlying causes of death were ascertained by linkage to the National Death Index through December 31,2019.Weighted Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate the hazard ratio(HR)and 95%CIs.Results:Dietary intake of total MUFAs and oleic acid was associated with a lower risk of CVD mortality,with HRs(95%CI)of 0.62(0.39–0.99)and 0.61(0.39–0.97),respectively.Total MUFA and oleic acid intake were inversely associated with all-cause mortality;the multivariable-adjusted HRs were 0.77(95%CI:0.60–0.99)and 0.78(95%CI:0.62–0.99),respectively.There was no significant association between palmitoleic acid intake and all-cause mortality.The habitual consumption of olive oil,but not the consumption of other vegetable oils,was inversely associated with the risk of cardiovascular mortality.In the joint association analysis,the HRs(95%CI)of cardiovascular mortality were 0.36(0.19–0.69)for people who exclusively consumed olive oil,0.59(0.27–1.32)for people who consumed both olive oil and other vegetable oils,and 0.73(0.46–1.14)for people who exclusively consumed other vegetable oils compared with people who never consumed vegetable oils.Conclusions:In a U.S.nationally representative prospective cohort,higher dietary oleic acid intake and olive oil consumption were associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular mortality.展开更多
Nicotinic acid (N.C.)and choline were given orally to the periparturient cows to treat and prevent fatty liver.Blood parameters of glucose,β-hydroxybutyrate,albumin,total protein,magnesium,aspartate aminotransferase(...Nicotinic acid (N.C.)and choline were given orally to the periparturient cows to treat and prevent fatty liver.Blood parameters of glucose,β-hydroxybutyrate,albumin,total protein,magnesium,aspartate aminotransferase(AST)and non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA)weremeasured.There were no significant differences betWeen the treated and untreated groups in theplasma concentrations of albumin,total, protein and magnesium.Significant decrease in plasmaconcentrations of β-hydroxybutyrate,NEFA and AST were observed in the treated cows followiug administration of N.C.and choline.All the fatty liver cows(100% )treated with N.C.andcholine recovered within 5 weeks after calving compared with 71.4%(5/7) of untreated cows recovered.The incident rate of fatty liver postpartum in the cows with N.C.and cholinc given 2 weeksbefore calving was 30%(3/10),and the affected cows had a range of mild to moderate fatty liverwhilst the incident rate was 50% (5/10)in the untreated cows,which had a range of mild to ofsevere fatty liver.Meanwhile,the treated cows had a significant higher prodection of milk and shorter intervals from calving to uterine involution, to the first postpartum ovulation and to conception.展开更多
In the literature there are many reports on the composition and properties of pumpkin seed oil; however, few is known about the effect of different stages of seed development on various fatty acid profiles in developi...In the literature there are many reports on the composition and properties of pumpkin seed oil; however, few is known about the effect of different stages of seed development on various fatty acid profiles in developing seeds. The objective of this study was to provide the changes of various fatty acid accumulations in seed oil obtained from the seeds of three pumpkin varieties belonging to the species Cucurbita maxima and Cucurbita pepo. Unsaturated acids(oleic and linoleic) were dominant in various fatty acids, which constituted 38.9%-49.1% and 29.4%-42.7% of the total fatty acids at seed maturity for three pumpkin varieties, respectively, while other fatty acid concentrations except for palmitic acid all did not reach 10%. Different varieties exhibited greater effect on various fatty acid contents and the total fatty acid contents in the seeds of pumpkin rather than the species. On the whole, palmitic acid profiles of the seed oil in three varieties all followed the fluctuant decrease during all the stages of seed development, but palmitoleic acid and the total fatty acid profiles of the seed oil in three varieties were just the opposite. Stearic, oleic and linoleic acid profiles of the seed oil in three varieties all experienced the third pattern that fluctuated during all the stages of seed development, but no significant differences in these three fatty acid concentrations were found from the beginning to the end. Linolenic acid concentrations of three varieties were on the decline and ultimately close to zero. Myristic and arachidic acid profiles of the seed oil followed different trends in three varieties. Among them, myristic and arachidic acid profiles of the seed oil of Yinhui-1 fluctuated downward all the time until seed maturity, but those of 0238-1 and Jinhui-2 completely changed oppositely.展开更多
Soybean Dongnong 42 from northeast of China was used as an experimental material.The samples were tested by spraying different concentrations of LaCl3,CeCl3 and LaCl3+CeCl3 solutions on the leaves at the seedling stag...Soybean Dongnong 42 from northeast of China was used as an experimental material.The samples were tested by spraying different concentrations of LaCl3,CeCl3 and LaCl3+CeCl3 solutions on the leaves at the seedling stage and the early flowering stage of the soybeans.Gas chromatography was used to determine the fatty acid content and ratio of the soybean seeds at the maturity stage.The fatty acid ratio of soybean seeds were evaluated by calculating saturated fatty acid(SFA),monounsaturated fatty acid(MUFA),polyunsaturated fatty acid(PUFA),unsaturated fatty acids(UFA),UFA/SFA,index unsaturated fatty acid(IUFA)and double bond index(DBI).(MUFA+PUFA)/SFA was used to study the effects of rare earths on the quality of soybean seeds.The results showed that spraying the rare earth solution could significantly optimize the fatty acid distribution ratio of soybean seeds.Compared with the control group(CK),stearic acid was reduced by 5%and linolenic acid was reduced by 3.72%.Except for La10,the oleic acid content increased significantly by 2.22%.Under the treatment of 30 mg·L^(−1) CeCl3,UFA,UFA/SFA and DBI were 83.56,5.08 and 9.47,respectively,which were the highest in each group.Under the treatment of 150 mg·L^(−1) LaCl3,(MUFA+PUFA)/SFA was 4.89,the closest meal to the recommended ratio.The above results showed that spraying appropriate concentrations of rare earth at the seedling stage and the early flowering stage could optimize the fatty acid ratio of soybean seeds and improve dietary fatty acid ratios.展开更多
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease （NAFLD） is one of the common chronic liver disease, and may turn to cirrhosis of the liver or liver cancer, but its pathogenesis is unclear. Acanthoic acid （AA） have some improveme...Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease （NAFLD） is one of the common chronic liver disease, and may turn to cirrhosis of the liver or liver cancer, but its pathogenesis is unclear. Acanthoic acid （AA） have some improvement on drug-induced liver fibrosis, but its protective effect on Lieber-DeCarli （LD） liquid type fat diet-induced liver cell damage had less been reported, this study was conducted to determine whether acanthoic acid （AA） would a- meliorate LD-stimulated fatty liver in mice. Male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into six groups, including normal group, AA （40 mg · kg^-1） single group, LD-treated group, AA （20 mg· kg-1） plus LD-treated group, and AA （40 mg · kg^-1） plus LD-treated group and protive control group, they were given LD （20mL/only） , at same time gavage administration AA （20 mg · kg^-1, 40 mg· kg^-1） , while normal group were given normal diet. After 8 weeks, weighed again, then took blood by removalling eyeball, took liver. The serum aspartate aminotrans- ferase （AST）, alanine aminotransferase （ALT）, triglyceride （TG） and high density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL- （i） in serum were determined with reagent strips. The liver was used to do Western blot, Hematoxylin ＆Eosin （H＆E） staining and Oil red staining. The Reagent results showed that administration of AA significantly inhibit the increase of AST, ALT caused by NAFLD, as well as TG and HDL-C in serum. Supplement of AA prevented LD-in- duced acidophilic necrosis, increased hepatocyte muclei and stromal inflammation infiltration as indicated by liver histopathological studies. The results indicated that AA significantly decreased the expression of SREBP-1, oL- TIMP1 and MMP-13 kept a dynamic equilibrium, TIMP1 was decreased, SMA, collagen-I, NF-KB. In addittion, while the expression of MMP-13 was increased. H＆Estaing and oil staing indicated that model group showed typical fatty degeneration, while the fatty liver histopathology of administration group showed significant improvement. These effects were associated with the down-regulation of SREBP-1 and particularly the activation of AMPK. All of these findings demostrated that AA had some improvement on LD-induced NAFLD, and its mechanism may be re- lated to SREBP1 and AMPK pathway.展开更多
A one-step method was developed to extract oil from a mixture of soybeans,peanuts,linseeds,and tea seeds using an aqueous enzymatic method.The proportion of the four seeds was targeted in accordance with a fatty acid ...A one-step method was developed to extract oil from a mixture of soybeans,peanuts,linseeds,and tea seeds using an aqueous enzymatic method.The proportion of the four seeds was targeted in accordance with a fatty acid ratio of 0.27(SFA,saturated fatty acid(s))∶1(MUFA,monounsaturated fatty acid(s))∶1(PUFA,polyunsaturated fatty acid(s)),and the oil extraction yield was maximized by applying the simplex-centroid mixture design method.Three models were developed for describing the relationship between the proportion of the individual seeds in the mixture,the fatty acid ratio in the extracted oil,and the oil extraction yield,respectively.The developed models were then analyzed using an ANOVA and were found to fit the data quite well,with R2 values of 0.98,0.93,and 0.93,respectively.The three models were validated experimentally.The results indicated that the ratio of fatty acids in the oil ranged between 0.98 and 1.12(MUFA∶PUFA)and between 0.26 and 0.28(SFA∶MUFA),which were quite close to the target values of 1 and 0.27,respectively.The oil extraction yield of 62.13%was slightly higher than the predicted value(60.32%).展开更多
基金Supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFD0501202)
文摘This study evaluated the lard enriched with n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFAs)on serum lipid composition in rats.The experiment contained two parts:(A)20 crossed pigs(Landrace×Min,60±2 kg)were assigned randomly into two dietary groups:a control group and a group fed the diet added 10%linseed based on the control diet.This part lasted 56 days and the results showed that the levels of the total n-3 PUFA in lard were improved approximately 2-fold(p<0.05),when pigs were fed 10% flaxseed compared to a control diet of corn.The lard taken from pigs was melted and preserved for rat experiment;(B)45 Sprague-Dawley rats at day 36 were randomly fed one of three diets for 42 days:the diet without added fat,the diet contained 10% common lard from pigs fed a conventional corn ration and the diet contained 10% lard enriched with n-3 PUFA from pigs fed 10% flaxseed.Rats fed lard significantly increased(p<0.05)serum cholesterol levels compared with rats maintained on a diet without lard.However,rats fed the lard enriched with n-3 PUFA significantly decreased the level of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in serum(p<0.05)and better hepatic antioxidant defense capacities,when compared with rats fed common lard(p<0.05).The results showed that pigs fed diet with n-3 PUFA produced lard enriched with n-3 PUFA and thus provided positive health benefits to the consumers.
文摘Laboratory generated spent bleached liquor from the chlorination, caustic extraction stage of mixed wood kraft pulp processing has been analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively for various resin & fatty acids by using GC. A number of resin acids, saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, chloro fatty and resin acid have been detected and their concentrations are estimated. The results are compared with results on different agriculture residue/hardwood pulps, which were reported earlier. The concentrations of various compounds detected have also been compared with their reported LC50 values.
基金Supported by Hainan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(322MS134)。
文摘This study aimed to investigate the effects of dietary guanidinoacetic acid on growth performance,meat quality,antioxidant activity,and antioxidant-related gene expression in ducks.Total 48042-day-old female ducks were randomly divided into four groups with six replicates and 20 ducks per replicate and fed the basal diet to the control group.The experimental groups were fed the basal diet with 400,600 and 800 mg·kg^(-1) guanidinoacetic acid,respectively.The trial lasted 48 days.Compared with the control group,(1)the body weight at 90 days and average daily gain were increased(P<0.05),the feed conservation ratio was decreased(P<0.05);(2)the dressing percentage and breast muscle percentage were increased(P<0.05);(3)the total amino acid content,polyunsaturated fatty acids to monounsaturated fatty acids ratio were increased(P<0.05)in breast and thigh muscles;(4)activities of superoxide dismutase,catalase and glutathione peroxidase enzyme were increased(P<0.05)in thigh muscles;(5)the relative expressions of superoxide dismutase 1,glutathione peroxidase 1,and catalase were significantly increased(P<0.05)in the liver.In this study,the optimum dosage of 600 mg·kg^(-1) guanidinoacetic acid improved the growth performance,meat quality,antioxidant activity,and antioxidant-related gene expression in ducks.
文摘Objective:To assess whether infants of diabetic mothers [pre pregnancy diabetics(PPD)and gestational diabetics mellitus(GDM)] have compromised arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acids in their plasma and the relationship with deficiency of the same compounds in their mothers.Methods:This study was conducted on 30 diabetic mothers(both PPD and GDM)and their infants.Twenty healthy infants and their mothers with age and sex matched were included as controls.All infant(of diabetic and non diabetic mothers)were subjected to assessment of APGAR Scoring,thorough history taking and anthropometric measures.Lipid profile components as well as polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFA)were assessed in diabetic GDM and PPD and non diabetic mothers as well as in their babies.Results:High-density lipoproteir(HDL)level was found to be significantly lower in diabetic mothers(specially those with PPD)compared to non diabetic ones,whereas no significant difference was found between babies of the two groups.Also,the current study revealed that diabetic mothers(GDM and PPD)and their babies had significantly higher levels of PUFA precursors linoleic acids(LA)and alpha linoleic acids(ALA).PUFA arachidonic acid(AA)and docosahexaenoic acids(DHA)were found to be significantly lower in diabetic mothers(GDM and PPD)compared to non diabetic mothers,and same results were found in the babies of the two groups.Conclusion:Neonates with diabetic mothers(both GDM and PPD)have highly compromised plasma levels of AA and DHA PUFA,which affects the child well being by far,and produces hazardous multi-system complications on the long run.
基金supported by the Joint Fund for New Medicine of the University of Science and Technology of China(YD9100002029).
文摘Objective:Oleic acid,a subtype of monounsaturated fatty acid(MUFA),is present in abundance in certain edible oils,particularly olive oils.Epidemiological evidence concerning dietary oleic acid intake and the long-term risk of mortality is lacking.This study aimed to evaluate the associations of the dietary intake of oleic acid and other specific subtypes of MUFAs,olive oil,and other vegetable oils with cardiovascular disease(CVD)and all-cause mortality.Methods:This prospective cohort study included adults aged 40 years or older who participated in the included U.S.adults National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(NHANES).Dietary MUFA intake was assessed via 24-h dietary recall interviews in NHANES 1999–2018,and the consumption of olive oil and other vegetable oils was assessed via a food frequency questionnaire in NHANES 2003–2006.Deaths and underlying causes of death were ascertained by linkage to the National Death Index through December 31,2019.Weighted Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate the hazard ratio(HR)and 95%CIs.Results:Dietary intake of total MUFAs and oleic acid was associated with a lower risk of CVD mortality,with HRs(95%CI)of 0.62(0.39–0.99)and 0.61(0.39–0.97),respectively.Total MUFA and oleic acid intake were inversely associated with all-cause mortality;the multivariable-adjusted HRs were 0.77(95%CI:0.60–0.99)and 0.78(95%CI:0.62–0.99),respectively.There was no significant association between palmitoleic acid intake and all-cause mortality.The habitual consumption of olive oil,but not the consumption of other vegetable oils,was inversely associated with the risk of cardiovascular mortality.In the joint association analysis,the HRs(95%CI)of cardiovascular mortality were 0.36(0.19–0.69)for people who exclusively consumed olive oil,0.59(0.27–1.32)for people who consumed both olive oil and other vegetable oils,and 0.73(0.46–1.14)for people who exclusively consumed other vegetable oils compared with people who never consumed vegetable oils.Conclusions:In a U.S.nationally representative prospective cohort,higher dietary oleic acid intake and olive oil consumption were associated with a lower risk of cardiovascular mortality.
文摘Nicotinic acid (N.C.)and choline were given orally to the periparturient cows to treat and prevent fatty liver.Blood parameters of glucose,β-hydroxybutyrate,albumin,total protein,magnesium,aspartate aminotransferase(AST)and non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA)weremeasured.There were no significant differences betWeen the treated and untreated groups in theplasma concentrations of albumin,total, protein and magnesium.Significant decrease in plasmaconcentrations of β-hydroxybutyrate,NEFA and AST were observed in the treated cows followiug administration of N.C.and choline.All the fatty liver cows(100% )treated with N.C.andcholine recovered within 5 weeks after calving compared with 71.4%(5/7) of untreated cows recovered.The incident rate of fatty liver postpartum in the cows with N.C.and cholinc given 2 weeksbefore calving was 30%(3/10),and the affected cows had a range of mild to moderate fatty liverwhilst the incident rate was 50% (5/10)in the untreated cows,which had a range of mild to ofsevere fatty liver.Meanwhile,the treated cows had a significant higher prodection of milk and shorter intervals from calving to uterine involution, to the first postpartum ovulation and to conception.
基金Supported by the Public Welfare Industry(Agricultural)Research Special Foundation of Agricultural Ministry of China(201303112)
文摘In the literature there are many reports on the composition and properties of pumpkin seed oil; however, few is known about the effect of different stages of seed development on various fatty acid profiles in developing seeds. The objective of this study was to provide the changes of various fatty acid accumulations in seed oil obtained from the seeds of three pumpkin varieties belonging to the species Cucurbita maxima and Cucurbita pepo. Unsaturated acids(oleic and linoleic) were dominant in various fatty acids, which constituted 38.9%-49.1% and 29.4%-42.7% of the total fatty acids at seed maturity for three pumpkin varieties, respectively, while other fatty acid concentrations except for palmitic acid all did not reach 10%. Different varieties exhibited greater effect on various fatty acid contents and the total fatty acid contents in the seeds of pumpkin rather than the species. On the whole, palmitic acid profiles of the seed oil in three varieties all followed the fluctuant decrease during all the stages of seed development, but palmitoleic acid and the total fatty acid profiles of the seed oil in three varieties were just the opposite. Stearic, oleic and linoleic acid profiles of the seed oil in three varieties all experienced the third pattern that fluctuated during all the stages of seed development, but no significant differences in these three fatty acid concentrations were found from the beginning to the end. Linolenic acid concentrations of three varieties were on the decline and ultimately close to zero. Myristic and arachidic acid profiles of the seed oil followed different trends in three varieties. Among them, myristic and arachidic acid profiles of the seed oil of Yinhui-1 fluctuated downward all the time until seed maturity, but those of 0238-1 and Jinhui-2 completely changed oppositely.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31471440)。
文摘Soybean Dongnong 42 from northeast of China was used as an experimental material.The samples were tested by spraying different concentrations of LaCl3,CeCl3 and LaCl3+CeCl3 solutions on the leaves at the seedling stage and the early flowering stage of the soybeans.Gas chromatography was used to determine the fatty acid content and ratio of the soybean seeds at the maturity stage.The fatty acid ratio of soybean seeds were evaluated by calculating saturated fatty acid(SFA),monounsaturated fatty acid(MUFA),polyunsaturated fatty acid(PUFA),unsaturated fatty acids(UFA),UFA/SFA,index unsaturated fatty acid(IUFA)and double bond index(DBI).(MUFA+PUFA)/SFA was used to study the effects of rare earths on the quality of soybean seeds.The results showed that spraying the rare earth solution could significantly optimize the fatty acid distribution ratio of soybean seeds.Compared with the control group(CK),stearic acid was reduced by 5%and linolenic acid was reduced by 3.72%.Except for La10,the oleic acid content increased significantly by 2.22%.Under the treatment of 30 mg·L^(−1) CeCl3,UFA,UFA/SFA and DBI were 83.56,5.08 and 9.47,respectively,which were the highest in each group.Under the treatment of 150 mg·L^(−1) LaCl3,(MUFA+PUFA)/SFA was 4.89,the closest meal to the recommended ratio.The above results showed that spraying appropriate concentrations of rare earth at the seedling stage and the early flowering stage could optimize the fatty acid ratio of soybean seeds and improve dietary fatty acid ratios.
文摘Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease （NAFLD） is one of the common chronic liver disease, and may turn to cirrhosis of the liver or liver cancer, but its pathogenesis is unclear. Acanthoic acid （AA） have some improvement on drug-induced liver fibrosis, but its protective effect on Lieber-DeCarli （LD） liquid type fat diet-induced liver cell damage had less been reported, this study was conducted to determine whether acanthoic acid （AA） would a- meliorate LD-stimulated fatty liver in mice. Male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into six groups, including normal group, AA （40 mg · kg^-1） single group, LD-treated group, AA （20 mg· kg-1） plus LD-treated group, and AA （40 mg · kg^-1） plus LD-treated group and protive control group, they were given LD （20mL/only） , at same time gavage administration AA （20 mg · kg^-1, 40 mg· kg^-1） , while normal group were given normal diet. After 8 weeks, weighed again, then took blood by removalling eyeball, took liver. The serum aspartate aminotrans- ferase （AST）, alanine aminotransferase （ALT）, triglyceride （TG） and high density lipoprotein cholesterol （HDL- （i） in serum were determined with reagent strips. The liver was used to do Western blot, Hematoxylin ＆Eosin （H＆E） staining and Oil red staining. The Reagent results showed that administration of AA significantly inhibit the increase of AST, ALT caused by NAFLD, as well as TG and HDL-C in serum. Supplement of AA prevented LD-in- duced acidophilic necrosis, increased hepatocyte muclei and stromal inflammation infiltration as indicated by liver histopathological studies. The results indicated that AA significantly decreased the expression of SREBP-1, oL- TIMP1 and MMP-13 kept a dynamic equilibrium, TIMP1 was decreased, SMA, collagen-I, NF-KB. In addittion, while the expression of MMP-13 was increased. H＆Estaing and oil staing indicated that model group showed typical fatty degeneration, while the fatty liver histopathology of administration group showed significant improvement. These effects were associated with the down-regulation of SREBP-1 and particularly the activation of AMPK. All of these findings demostrated that AA had some improvement on LD-induced NAFLD, and its mechanism may be re- lated to SREBP1 and AMPK pathway.
基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(research grant number 2012M510912)the Ministry of Agriculture of Modern Technology System Projects the Soybean Industry(research grant number nycytx-004)the National Research Center of Soybean Engineering and Technology and the Northeast Agricultural University for funding this work
文摘A one-step method was developed to extract oil from a mixture of soybeans,peanuts,linseeds,and tea seeds using an aqueous enzymatic method.The proportion of the four seeds was targeted in accordance with a fatty acid ratio of 0.27(SFA,saturated fatty acid(s))∶1(MUFA,monounsaturated fatty acid(s))∶1(PUFA,polyunsaturated fatty acid(s)),and the oil extraction yield was maximized by applying the simplex-centroid mixture design method.Three models were developed for describing the relationship between the proportion of the individual seeds in the mixture,the fatty acid ratio in the extracted oil,and the oil extraction yield,respectively.The developed models were then analyzed using an ANOVA and were found to fit the data quite well,with R2 values of 0.98,0.93,and 0.93,respectively.The three models were validated experimentally.The results indicated that the ratio of fatty acids in the oil ranged between 0.98 and 1.12(MUFA∶PUFA)and between 0.26 and 0.28(SFA∶MUFA),which were quite close to the target values of 1 and 0.27,respectively.The oil extraction yield of 62.13%was slightly higher than the predicted value(60.32%).
文摘为了评价PIC猪的胴体性状和肉质性状,试验屠宰了健康的PIC猪9头,测定了其胴体性状、肉质性状和肌肉成分等相关指标,并分析了各性状间的相关性。结果表明,宰前活重为123.78 kg的PIC猪,屠宰率为75.58%,瘦肉率为60.8%,平均背膘厚25.62 mm,眼肌面积45.95 cm 2,滴水损失2.14%,嫩度43.56N,肌内脂肪含量2.23%,总氨基酸含量20.3%,饱和脂肪酸含量41.54%,总不饱和脂肪酸含量58.44%。性状间相关性分析表明,PIC猪的宰前活重与屠宰率呈显著正相关(P<0.05),肌内脂肪与MUFA呈极显著正相关(P<0.01),与PUFA呈极显著负相关(P<0.01),与水分呈显著负相关(P<0.05)。肌内脂肪与水分间的相关系数为-0.718,二者间线性模型Y=-0.9985x+75.299,决定系数R^(2)为0.5153。
