Background The pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a complex pathophysiological process.Its precise mechanism is not fully known. In recent years it has been recognized that synthesis of various extracelluar ...Background The pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a complex pathophysiological process.Its precise mechanism is not fully known. In recent years it has been recognized that synthesis of various extracelluar matrix (ECM) components may increase, and that degradation of ECM may decrease in DN. It was reported heparin could inhibit mesangial cells proliferation in vitro. The main aim of this study is to explore whether heparin inhibits proliferation of mesangial cells grown in high glucose concentration and to measure the effect of heparin on matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) expression in mesangial cells. Methods The medium contained either low glucose (5 mmol/L) or high glucose (25 mmol/L). The concentrations of heparin in the culture medium were 0, 25, 50,100, 200 or 400 μg/mL. A metabolic (WST-1) assay was used to measure mesangial cell proliferation and Western blot analysis was used to measure MMPs expression of mesangial cells. Results Normal human mesangial cell (NHMC) proliferation was higher in high glucose (HG) medium than in low glucose (LG) medium. They showed a 1.93 fold expansion after 72 h in high glucose in contrast to a 1.63 fold expansion in low glucose. In the presence of heparin, mesangial cells proliferation was inhibited, which was more obvious at high glucose concentrations than at low glucose concentrations. In high glucose, with heparin concentration of 50, 100, 200 and 400 μg/mL, the mesangial cells showed a 0. 61 fold, 0.52 fold, 0.52 fold and 0.41 fold reductions in cell number compared to cells grown without heparin. In low glucose, only concentrations of 200 μg/mL and 400 μg/mL showed reduction in cell number, namely 0.54 fold and 0.45 fold, when compared to cells grown without heparin. In Western blot analysis,MMP1, MMP2, MMP3 and MMP9 was expressed by mesangial cells expressed in both high and low glucose concentrations, which was more prominent in high glucose medium. Incubation of heparin further increased expression of MMP1, MMP2, MMP3 and MMP9. Conclusions This study suggests that glucose can accelerate mesangial cell proliferation while heparin can reduce proliferation, being more obvious at high glucose concentrations. Higher glucose concentrations led to increased MMP expression, which may take part in the regulation of mesangial matrix synthesis and degradation. Addition of heparin resulted in a corresponding increase in MMP expression, most notably at high glucose concentrations, indicating a potentially renoprotective role in DN.展开更多
文摘Background The pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a complex pathophysiological process.Its precise mechanism is not fully known. In recent years it has been recognized that synthesis of various extracelluar matrix (ECM) components may increase, and that degradation of ECM may decrease in DN. It was reported heparin could inhibit mesangial cells proliferation in vitro. The main aim of this study is to explore whether heparin inhibits proliferation of mesangial cells grown in high glucose concentration and to measure the effect of heparin on matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) expression in mesangial cells. Methods The medium contained either low glucose (5 mmol/L) or high glucose (25 mmol/L). The concentrations of heparin in the culture medium were 0, 25, 50,100, 200 or 400 μg/mL. A metabolic (WST-1) assay was used to measure mesangial cell proliferation and Western blot analysis was used to measure MMPs expression of mesangial cells. Results Normal human mesangial cell (NHMC) proliferation was higher in high glucose (HG) medium than in low glucose (LG) medium. They showed a 1.93 fold expansion after 72 h in high glucose in contrast to a 1.63 fold expansion in low glucose. In the presence of heparin, mesangial cells proliferation was inhibited, which was more obvious at high glucose concentrations than at low glucose concentrations. In high glucose, with heparin concentration of 50, 100, 200 and 400 μg/mL, the mesangial cells showed a 0. 61 fold, 0.52 fold, 0.52 fold and 0.41 fold reductions in cell number compared to cells grown without heparin. In low glucose, only concentrations of 200 μg/mL and 400 μg/mL showed reduction in cell number, namely 0.54 fold and 0.45 fold, when compared to cells grown without heparin. In Western blot analysis,MMP1, MMP2, MMP3 and MMP9 was expressed by mesangial cells expressed in both high and low glucose concentrations, which was more prominent in high glucose medium. Incubation of heparin further increased expression of MMP1, MMP2, MMP3 and MMP9. Conclusions This study suggests that glucose can accelerate mesangial cell proliferation while heparin can reduce proliferation, being more obvious at high glucose concentrations. Higher glucose concentrations led to increased MMP expression, which may take part in the regulation of mesangial matrix synthesis and degradation. Addition of heparin resulted in a corresponding increase in MMP expression, most notably at high glucose concentrations, indicating a potentially renoprotective role in DN.
文摘【目的】探讨猪δ冠状病毒(Porcine deltacoronavirus,PDCoV)对断奶仔猪肠道细胞外基质(extracellular matrix,ECM)及其动态调控因子的影响,以缓解猪病原体感染和改善仔猪肠道健康。【方法】试验选取16头健康的8日龄仔猪(杜×长×大),随机分为2组:对照组和PDCoV组,每组8头。对照组口腔灌服20 mL DMEM,PDCoV组口腔灌服20 mL PDCoV细胞培养液(10~8 TCID50/mL),间隔8 h再灌服1次。攻毒后第3天屠宰所有仔猪,采集中段空肠和远端回肠样品,进行肠道胶原蛋白(collagen)、纤维黏连蛋白1(fibronectin,FN1)、整合素(integrin,ITG)及其相关调控因子等ECM相关指标的检测。【结果】与对照组相比,PDCoV组仔猪空肠白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、IL-6、IL-8基因mRNA表达量均显著增加(P<0.05)。Masson染色显示,PDCoV攻毒增加了空肠胶原蛋白的沉积。与对照组相比,PDCoV组仔猪空肠FN1、回肠ITGA1基因mRNA表达量显著降低(P<0.05)。在空肠中,PDCoV组仔猪的ECM调控因子基质金属蛋白酶-2(MMP2)、MMP9、纤溶酶原激活物(PAs)、运输和高尔基体组织2(TANGO2)基因mRNA表达量均显著低于对照组(P<0.05),内质网通道蛋白(SEC6A1)、磷酸二酯酶4δ(PDE4D)基因mRNA表达量均显著高于对照组(P<0.05);与对照组相比,PDCoV组仔猪回肠中MMP2、PAs、SEC6A1基因mRNA表达量显著降低(P<0.05),MMP9基因mRNA表达量显著增加(P<0.05)。通过Spearman相关性分析可知,调控因子MMP2、TANGO2、PAs与促炎症因子IL-1β、IL-8基因mRNA表达量呈显著负相关(P<0.05),与转化生长因子-β(TGF-β)基因mRNA表达量呈显著正相关(P<0.05);SEC6A1、PDE4D与IL-1β、IL-6、IL-8基因mRNA表达量呈显著正相关(P<0.05),PDE4D与TGF-β基因mRNA表达量呈显著负相关(P<0.05)。【结论】灌服PDCoV会降低仔猪肠道中纤维黏连蛋白和整合素的表达,并通过调节ECM调控因子的表达量,引起断奶仔猪肠道中胶原蛋白沉积,影响肠道中ECM的动态变化,破坏肠道稳态健康。
