The study examined the marketing of a cassava-based product （garri） in Delta State, Nigeria. Data was collected from 168 respondents using structured questionnaire. A multi-stage sampling procedure was employed in s...The study examined the marketing of a cassava-based product （garri） in Delta State, Nigeria. Data was collected from 168 respondents using structured questionnaire. A multi-stage sampling procedure was employed in selecting 168 respondents from six markets in Delta State where garri is produced and marketed. Data was analyzed by the calculation of percentages, means and running of regression. The study revealed that the marketing of garri in Delta State was predominantly a female activity. The study also revealed that the garri was marketed in three channels and that 46.4% were retailers. The study further revealed a reasonable degree of freedom of entry and exit in the garri business in Delta State. Each trader or marketer was able to earn an average profit margin of N2 190.00 （for garri marketers）, while the marketing margins for garri was 13.1%. Although the marketers were faced with some challenges the average profit per marketer per month was reasonably high （N40 722）. The study further showed that the socio- economic characteristics of the marketers to a large extent had a positive influence on the quantity of garri sold in the study area. From the findings it was recommended that storage facilities, extension services and good road network among others should be provided to improve the marketing of garri in Delta State, Nigeria.展开更多
An intuitive portrayal of the correlation between the carbon and energy markets is essential for risk control and green financial investment management.In this paper,we investigate the asymmetric spillovers between th...An intuitive portrayal of the correlation between the carbon and energy markets is essential for risk control and green financial investment management.In this paper,we investigate the asymmetric spillovers between the carbon mar-ket and energy market returns.To achieve that,we improve the Diebold-Yilmaz index model by a time-varying vector autoregressive(TVP-VAR)model.In a unified network,our daily dataset includes the closing prices of the Hubei carbon market,Shenzhen carbon market,coal futures,and energy stock index.The findings reveal that both the Hubei and Shen-zhen pilots typically generate net information spillovers on energy futures.In connection with energy stocks,the Hubei carbon market acts as a net receiver,while the Shenzhen carbon market is a net transmitter.Compared with the Hubei pi-lot,the Shenzhen pilot is more tightly connected to the energy markets.Furthermore,the spillovers of the carbon markets exhibit significant asymmetry.In most cases,they have more substantial impacts on the energy markets when the prices of emission allowances rise.The direction and magnitude of asymmetric spillovers across markets vary over time and can be influenced by certain economic or political events.展开更多
E-commerce is the execution of business transactio ns over the Internet. Companies conducting e-commerce can perform most of the tra nsactions which they are doing now. Most of the marketing method should coincide nt ...E-commerce is the execution of business transactio ns over the Internet. Companies conducting e-commerce can perform most of the tra nsactions which they are doing now. Most of the marketing method should coincide nt with the changes in e-commerce world. Brand ability will be depressed, but corporate identity and brand identity will be upgraded. So the enterprise should lower the cost of distribution, manufactur ing, and supplying. We can also upgrade the product value which consumer con ceded. Logistic will be core ability. The 3pl and 4pl will be used more and more often. The importance of transportation has grown with the increasing globalization as well as the growth in e-commerce. Firms should identify various transportation network design options and their relative strengths and weaknesses. They should also use methodologies for routing and scheduling deliveries in transportation network. The savings matrix and the generalized assignment methodology can be us ed to minimize the transportation cost while meeting delivery commitments to cus tomers. Information is essential to making good decisions. Information technology provid es the tools to gather information and analyze it in order to make the best deci sions. Information plays a key in every company. Information technology will be used broadly. It is a factual component on which decisions about each of the transportation, facilities, and inventory. In essence, information is the glue that holds the company to other firms, and allows it to function, making informa tion the most important firms drivers. Custom relation management, data based marketing, one to one marketing, electron ic odder system, electronic data exchange, will be used frequent. These new mark eting method is using information technology all. IT investment in program will greatly increase. The consumer can find and compare the price in every character easily on Interne t. Cost becomes the most important factor in product selecting. So the enterpris e has to lower cost in every part, especially using high-tech, new material, ad vantage management method. But the quality of production should be guarantee. In e-commerce world, people meet together less, and the news expressed quickly, every decision of enterprise should first consider it disadvantage on trans mit, then, try to control the transmit manner. The crisis management is importan t to public communication. Sales promotion method needs innovation. Broadcast, public communication, salesm anship, and physical evidence will be changed. More and more advertisers head fo r the Web to promote their wares. A supply chain consists of all stages involved, directly or indirectly, in fulfi lling a customer request. Through e-commerce, a supply chain can operate in low cost, immediate customer reaction, and benefit to all enterprise in the supply chain. The objective of supply chain is to maximize the overall value generated.展开更多
It’s known to all that under ideal condition the s to rage cost is kept in lower level when storage management be arranged by Economic Order Quantity(EOQ).Does this mean that any companies should set up their own sto...It’s known to all that under ideal condition the s to rage cost is kept in lower level when storage management be arranged by Economic Order Quantity(EOQ).Does this mean that any companies should set up their own storing system in proportion to the scale of the commodities’ producing or sell ing Furthermore, even if they manage storage in EOQ, because of different oper ation scale, geographical condition or ability borrowing money from financial ma rket, different companies pay unequal cost in storing the same commodity.In thi s paper, except for supplying commodities from our own storage system, the autho rs have analyzed other two supplying ways without whole storage system, they are forward contracts and futures contracts.The authors have discussed variable su pply cost for above different supply measures.According to the cost of each sup ply way, the managers can choose the most economical way in supplying the commod ity and predict the price of futures from storage management arranged by EOQ.Th e summary content is as follow: 1. The comparing of supply cost between forward contracts and storing system a rranged by EOQ. (1) The supply cost from forward contracts (2) The supply cost from storage system arranged by Economic Order Quantity (3) The application example for comparing cost in different supply way 2.The comparing of supply cost between futures going physical and storing syst em arranged by Economic Order Quantity. (1) The supply cost from futures going physical (2) The correlation between futures contracts and storage management arranged b y EOQ (3) The application example for comparing cost in different supply way 3.How does storing system of scale economic affect the price of forward and fu tures contracts (1) How does the price of forward and futures contracts fluctuate (2) How do we calculate the price of a commodity at future point from the cost of scale economic storing (3) How do we operate efficiently in derivatives market by using the cost of sc ale economic storing (4) The application example for analyzing the price of futures 4.The correlation among storage managementforward contracts and futures mark et.展开更多
The reformation of the economy system has led the f un ctional department and status of the enterprises into a variable state. Under th e condition of the market economy, the kernel of the enterprises’ functional dep...The reformation of the economy system has led the f un ctional department and status of the enterprises into a variable state. Under th e condition of the market economy, the kernel of the enterprises’ functional dep artment has diverted to that of marketing decision-making, which face to market and meet with the need of consumption. Assuredly, the kernel of marketing decis ion-making is to prognosticate the future market demand of the production of en terprises accurately, so that it can ensure and realize the maximum of the enter prises’ profit increase. Using empirical research and the multi-regression technique, this paper ana lyzes the enterprises’ production demand forecast of the GMC (Global Management Challenge, held every year globally) and changes most of uncontrollable factors of demand forecast to the controllable ones of the enterprises. The method we us ed to forecast demand by using the multi-regression technique is as follows: 1. Look for the main factors which influence the demand of productions; 2. Establish the regression model; 3. Using the historical data, find the resolution of the correlative index an d do the prominent test; 4. Analyze and compare, regression, adjust parameter and optimize the regress ion model. Our method will make the forecast data closer to the actual prices of the future market requirement quantity in the production marketing decision-making of the enterprises and realize the optimizing combination and the working object w ith the minimum of the cost and the maximum of the profit. And it can ensure the realization of the equity maximum of the enterprises and increase the lifecycle of the production.展开更多
This work aimed to explore the switch tendency of bicycle use between cyclists and non-cyclists.The attitude based market segmentation approach was proposed to achieve the research objective.The filed investigations w...This work aimed to explore the switch tendency of bicycle use between cyclists and non-cyclists.The attitude based market segmentation approach was proposed to achieve the research objective.The filed investigations were conducted in Nanjing,China,to obtain travelers' actions and attitudes towards bicycle uses.The structural equation modeling(SEM) was used to identify the attitudinal factors indicating variables and to explore the interrelationships among them.The SEMs were developed separately for the cyclist group and the non-cyclist group.All respondents were clustered into eight distinct segments by six selected attitudinal factors.The mode switch tendency and attitude in each segment is different from others,indicating that different segments have particular policies or strategies to encourage cycling.Policy implications that best serve the potential bicycle users were discussed to reduce the number of cyclists who have high tendency to use other modes,and increase the possibility of using bicycle in the non-cyclists group with the moderate and high switch tendency.展开更多
The developing market of information technologies i s the most dynamical and thriving business in the modern world. The law of supply and demand establishes repeating, steady cause and effect relation between three ec...The developing market of information technologies i s the most dynamical and thriving business in the modern world. The law of supply and demand establishes repeating, steady cause and effect relation between three economic phenomena-price, supply and demand. Demand is an ideal need and a real opportunity of the customer to buy the goods. Supply is an ideal readiness and a real opportunity of the commodity producer to put the goods on the market . A plethora of factors affect the supply and demand. There is inverse dependenc e between the market price of the goods and the quantity which is in the demand. There is direct dependence between the market price of the goods and the qu antity which is offered to the buyer. The following features distinguish the sof tware from the usual goods in the consumer market: high science intensity, simpl icity of replicating, relative simplicity of modification and updating, high req uirements to quality of the software, at sale the buyer gets it, but it does no t disappear in sale, there is no physical deterioration, but there is a fast ob solescence. To protect the programs against the non-authorized access (the copy ings and operation) technical and legal methods are used: the patent protection, status of industrial secret, license agreements.展开更多
With the prevalence of the Web, most decision-makers are likely to use the Web to support their decision-making. Web-based technologies are leading a major stream of researching decision support systems (DSS). We prop...With the prevalence of the Web, most decision-makers are likely to use the Web to support their decision-making. Web-based technologies are leading a major stream of researching decision support systems (DSS). We propose a formal definition and a conceptual framework for Web-based open DSS (WODSS). The formal definition gives an overall view of WODSS, and the conceptual framework based on browser/broker/server computing mode employs the electronic market to mediate decision-makers and providers, and facilitate sharing and reusing of decision resources. We also develop an admitting model, a trading model and a competing model of electronic market in WODSS based on market theory in economics. These models reveal the key mechanisms that drive WODSS operate efficiently.展开更多
This paper presents and analyses the internal and external efficiencies of equipment maintenance, and presents that the objective of maintenance is the maximum external efficiency. It defines generalized reliability d...This paper presents and analyses the internal and external efficiencies of equipment maintenance, and presents that the objective of maintenance is the maximum external efficiency. It defines generalized reliability degree of equipment and deduces the correspondent calculating method. It overcomes the defect that traditional calculating method of reliability degree has, which only considers the factor of time not function, therefore we establish a market decision model of equipment maintenance based on it. This model can determine the marginal efficiency of maintenance investment and critical value of generalized reliability degree when it reaches break-even point. After combining the equipment maintenance with economical benefit of enterprise and marketing situation of products, an optimal maintenance strategy will be got. It provides a new method for scientific and rational decisions of equipment maintenance.展开更多
Based on the investigation and research on 75 dairy farms in Heilongjiang Province, evaluation index system of dairy farm market risk was set up, and dairy farm market risks were divided into pairing risk, price risk,...Based on the investigation and research on 75 dairy farms in Heilongjiang Province, evaluation index system of dairy farm market risk was set up, and dairy farm market risks were divided into pairing risk, price risk, production risk, contract risk and policy risk, five aspects of a total of 12 assessment indicators. The fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method was used to evaluate the market risk. The evaluation results showed that the market risk of dairy farms in Heilongjiang Province was at low risk; however, the policy risk was high. Finally, according to the results of the assessment, the suggestions was made as the followings： the government should expand the scope of policy insurance for dairy farming, vigorously promote the development of cooperative organizations and intermediary organizations in dairy farms by purchasing services through government, increase their functional roles and establish strict supervision mechanisms, including the establishment of official advice hotline and consultation channel online and improving third-party testing mechanism; government and the department of management industry would improve their abilities of management and do a good job of training and guiding.展开更多
The function of E-commerce is becoming more and more widely applied to many fields,which bring about some new challenges and opportunities for the construction of marketing model.It is proved that the more E-com-merce...The function of E-commerce is becoming more and more widely applied to many fields,which bring about some new challenges and opportunities for the construction of marketing model.It is proved that the more E-com-merce applied to the construction of marketing,the more precision of forecast for the enterprises can acquire,which is very helpful for the production and marketing of enterprises.Therefore,the research on the E-commerce applied to the construction of marketing is popular today.This paper applied the five important elements which are product,price,place,advertising and sales promotion,as well as,consumer behavior to construct a marketing model with E-commerce.By the analysis,this paper will draw the conclusions that two problems should be faced.One is that available theories and approaches may be insufficient in tackling many E-commerce problems.And the other is that the construction of marketing model for E-commerce can enrich the fields quite remarkably as the new theories,data and methods which can be applied.展开更多
Both civil&commercial law and economic law are the main legal basis for supervising market behavior and regulating market order.They are indispensable laws in the national economic development and construction.By ...Both civil&commercial law and economic law are the main legal basis for supervising market behavior and regulating market order.They are indispensable laws in the national economic development and construction.By analyzing the relationship between civil&commercial law and economic law in the context of market economy,this article explores the similarities and differences between,and through the perfection and application of the two,China’s social and economic stability and a lasting progress can be better realized under the mechanism of market economy.展开更多
In order to characterizc large fluctuations of the financial markets and optimize financial portfolio, a new dynamic asset control strategy was proposed in this work. Firstly, a random process item with variable jump ...In order to characterizc large fluctuations of the financial markets and optimize financial portfolio, a new dynamic asset control strategy was proposed in this work. Firstly, a random process item with variable jump intensity was introduced to the existing discrete microstructure model to denote large price fluctuations. The nonparametric method of LEE was used for detecting jumps. Further, the extended Kalman filter and the maximum likelihood method were applied to discrete microstructure modeling and the estimation of two market potential variables： market excess demand and liquidity. At last, based on the estimated variables, an assets allocation strategy using evolutionary algorithm was designed to control the weight of each asset dynamically. Case studies on IBM Stock show that jumps with variable intensity are detected successfully, and the assets allocation strategy may effectively keep the total assets growth or prevent assets loss at the stochastic financial market.展开更多
The region of existence of phases in equilibrium with the solid solution based on palladium. Presented to analyze the current situation in the market of precious metals in Russia. Provides information about the produc...The region of existence of phases in equilibrium with the solid solution based on palladium. Presented to analyze the current situation in the market of precious metals in Russia. Provides information about the production and processing of precious metals. Prospects for the most likely path of development of the Russian market of precious metals.展开更多
文摘The study examined the marketing of a cassava-based product （garri） in Delta State, Nigeria. Data was collected from 168 respondents using structured questionnaire. A multi-stage sampling procedure was employed in selecting 168 respondents from six markets in Delta State where garri is produced and marketed. Data was analyzed by the calculation of percentages, means and running of regression. The study revealed that the marketing of garri in Delta State was predominantly a female activity. The study also revealed that the garri was marketed in three channels and that 46.4% were retailers. The study further revealed a reasonable degree of freedom of entry and exit in the garri business in Delta State. Each trader or marketer was able to earn an average profit margin of N2 190.00 （for garri marketers）, while the marketing margins for garri was 13.1%. Although the marketers were faced with some challenges the average profit per marketer per month was reasonably high （N40 722）. The study further showed that the socio- economic characteristics of the marketers to a large extent had a positive influence on the quantity of garri sold in the study area. From the findings it was recommended that storage facilities, extension services and good road network among others should be provided to improve the marketing of garri in Delta State, Nigeria.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(71973001).
文摘An intuitive portrayal of the correlation between the carbon and energy markets is essential for risk control and green financial investment management.In this paper,we investigate the asymmetric spillovers between the carbon mar-ket and energy market returns.To achieve that,we improve the Diebold-Yilmaz index model by a time-varying vector autoregressive(TVP-VAR)model.In a unified network,our daily dataset includes the closing prices of the Hubei carbon market,Shenzhen carbon market,coal futures,and energy stock index.The findings reveal that both the Hubei and Shen-zhen pilots typically generate net information spillovers on energy futures.In connection with energy stocks,the Hubei carbon market acts as a net receiver,while the Shenzhen carbon market is a net transmitter.Compared with the Hubei pi-lot,the Shenzhen pilot is more tightly connected to the energy markets.Furthermore,the spillovers of the carbon markets exhibit significant asymmetry.In most cases,they have more substantial impacts on the energy markets when the prices of emission allowances rise.The direction and magnitude of asymmetric spillovers across markets vary over time and can be influenced by certain economic or political events.
文摘E-commerce is the execution of business transactio ns over the Internet. Companies conducting e-commerce can perform most of the tra nsactions which they are doing now. Most of the marketing method should coincide nt with the changes in e-commerce world. Brand ability will be depressed, but corporate identity and brand identity will be upgraded. So the enterprise should lower the cost of distribution, manufactur ing, and supplying. We can also upgrade the product value which consumer con ceded. Logistic will be core ability. The 3pl and 4pl will be used more and more often. The importance of transportation has grown with the increasing globalization as well as the growth in e-commerce. Firms should identify various transportation network design options and their relative strengths and weaknesses. They should also use methodologies for routing and scheduling deliveries in transportation network. The savings matrix and the generalized assignment methodology can be us ed to minimize the transportation cost while meeting delivery commitments to cus tomers. Information is essential to making good decisions. Information technology provid es the tools to gather information and analyze it in order to make the best deci sions. Information plays a key in every company. Information technology will be used broadly. It is a factual component on which decisions about each of the transportation, facilities, and inventory. In essence, information is the glue that holds the company to other firms, and allows it to function, making informa tion the most important firms drivers. Custom relation management, data based marketing, one to one marketing, electron ic odder system, electronic data exchange, will be used frequent. These new mark eting method is using information technology all. IT investment in program will greatly increase. The consumer can find and compare the price in every character easily on Interne t. Cost becomes the most important factor in product selecting. So the enterpris e has to lower cost in every part, especially using high-tech, new material, ad vantage management method. But the quality of production should be guarantee. In e-commerce world, people meet together less, and the news expressed quickly, every decision of enterprise should first consider it disadvantage on trans mit, then, try to control the transmit manner. The crisis management is importan t to public communication. Sales promotion method needs innovation. Broadcast, public communication, salesm anship, and physical evidence will be changed. More and more advertisers head fo r the Web to promote their wares. A supply chain consists of all stages involved, directly or indirectly, in fulfi lling a customer request. Through e-commerce, a supply chain can operate in low cost, immediate customer reaction, and benefit to all enterprise in the supply chain. The objective of supply chain is to maximize the overall value generated.
文摘It’s known to all that under ideal condition the s to rage cost is kept in lower level when storage management be arranged by Economic Order Quantity(EOQ).Does this mean that any companies should set up their own storing system in proportion to the scale of the commodities’ producing or sell ing Furthermore, even if they manage storage in EOQ, because of different oper ation scale, geographical condition or ability borrowing money from financial ma rket, different companies pay unequal cost in storing the same commodity.In thi s paper, except for supplying commodities from our own storage system, the autho rs have analyzed other two supplying ways without whole storage system, they are forward contracts and futures contracts.The authors have discussed variable su pply cost for above different supply measures.According to the cost of each sup ply way, the managers can choose the most economical way in supplying the commod ity and predict the price of futures from storage management arranged by EOQ.Th e summary content is as follow: 1. The comparing of supply cost between forward contracts and storing system a rranged by EOQ. (1) The supply cost from forward contracts (2) The supply cost from storage system arranged by Economic Order Quantity (3) The application example for comparing cost in different supply way 2.The comparing of supply cost between futures going physical and storing syst em arranged by Economic Order Quantity. (1) The supply cost from futures going physical (2) The correlation between futures contracts and storage management arranged b y EOQ (3) The application example for comparing cost in different supply way 3.How does storing system of scale economic affect the price of forward and fu tures contracts (1) How does the price of forward and futures contracts fluctuate (2) How do we calculate the price of a commodity at future point from the cost of scale economic storing (3) How do we operate efficiently in derivatives market by using the cost of sc ale economic storing (4) The application example for analyzing the price of futures 4.The correlation among storage managementforward contracts and futures mark et.
文摘The reformation of the economy system has led the f un ctional department and status of the enterprises into a variable state. Under th e condition of the market economy, the kernel of the enterprises’ functional dep artment has diverted to that of marketing decision-making, which face to market and meet with the need of consumption. Assuredly, the kernel of marketing decis ion-making is to prognosticate the future market demand of the production of en terprises accurately, so that it can ensure and realize the maximum of the enter prises’ profit increase. Using empirical research and the multi-regression technique, this paper ana lyzes the enterprises’ production demand forecast of the GMC (Global Management Challenge, held every year globally) and changes most of uncontrollable factors of demand forecast to the controllable ones of the enterprises. The method we us ed to forecast demand by using the multi-regression technique is as follows: 1. Look for the main factors which influence the demand of productions; 2. Establish the regression model; 3. Using the historical data, find the resolution of the correlative index an d do the prominent test; 4. Analyze and compare, regression, adjust parameter and optimize the regress ion model. Our method will make the forecast data closer to the actual prices of the future market requirement quantity in the production marketing decision-making of the enterprises and realize the optimizing combination and the working object w ith the minimum of the cost and the maximum of the profit. And it can ensure the realization of the equity maximum of the enterprises and increase the lifecycle of the production.
基金Projects(51208256,51178157)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2012-K5-13)supported by the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of China
文摘This work aimed to explore the switch tendency of bicycle use between cyclists and non-cyclists.The attitude based market segmentation approach was proposed to achieve the research objective.The filed investigations were conducted in Nanjing,China,to obtain travelers' actions and attitudes towards bicycle uses.The structural equation modeling(SEM) was used to identify the attitudinal factors indicating variables and to explore the interrelationships among them.The SEMs were developed separately for the cyclist group and the non-cyclist group.All respondents were clustered into eight distinct segments by six selected attitudinal factors.The mode switch tendency and attitude in each segment is different from others,indicating that different segments have particular policies or strategies to encourage cycling.Policy implications that best serve the potential bicycle users were discussed to reduce the number of cyclists who have high tendency to use other modes,and increase the possibility of using bicycle in the non-cyclists group with the moderate and high switch tendency.
文摘The developing market of information technologies i s the most dynamical and thriving business in the modern world. The law of supply and demand establishes repeating, steady cause and effect relation between three economic phenomena-price, supply and demand. Demand is an ideal need and a real opportunity of the customer to buy the goods. Supply is an ideal readiness and a real opportunity of the commodity producer to put the goods on the market . A plethora of factors affect the supply and demand. There is inverse dependenc e between the market price of the goods and the quantity which is in the demand. There is direct dependence between the market price of the goods and the qu antity which is offered to the buyer. The following features distinguish the sof tware from the usual goods in the consumer market: high science intensity, simpl icity of replicating, relative simplicity of modification and updating, high req uirements to quality of the software, at sale the buyer gets it, but it does no t disappear in sale, there is no physical deterioration, but there is a fast ob solescence. To protect the programs against the non-authorized access (the copy ings and operation) technical and legal methods are used: the patent protection, status of industrial secret, license agreements.
基金This project was supported by the Teaching and Research Award Fund for Outstanding Young Teachers in Higher Education Institutions of MOE.
文摘With the prevalence of the Web, most decision-makers are likely to use the Web to support their decision-making. Web-based technologies are leading a major stream of researching decision support systems (DSS). We propose a formal definition and a conceptual framework for Web-based open DSS (WODSS). The formal definition gives an overall view of WODSS, and the conceptual framework based on browser/broker/server computing mode employs the electronic market to mediate decision-makers and providers, and facilitate sharing and reusing of decision resources. We also develop an admitting model, a trading model and a competing model of electronic market in WODSS based on market theory in economics. These models reveal the key mechanisms that drive WODSS operate efficiently.
文摘This paper presents and analyses the internal and external efficiencies of equipment maintenance, and presents that the objective of maintenance is the maximum external efficiency. It defines generalized reliability degree of equipment and deduces the correspondent calculating method. It overcomes the defect that traditional calculating method of reliability degree has, which only considers the factor of time not function, therefore we establish a market decision model of equipment maintenance based on it. This model can determine the marginal efficiency of maintenance investment and critical value of generalized reliability degree when it reaches break-even point. After combining the equipment maintenance with economical benefit of enterprise and marketing situation of products, an optimal maintenance strategy will be got. It provides a new method for scientific and rational decisions of equipment maintenance.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation(71673042)the National Natural Science Foundation(71640017)+1 种基金the Special Research Fund for Doctoral Programs in Colleges and Universities(20132325110019)the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province(G201413)
文摘Based on the investigation and research on 75 dairy farms in Heilongjiang Province, evaluation index system of dairy farm market risk was set up, and dairy farm market risks were divided into pairing risk, price risk, production risk, contract risk and policy risk, five aspects of a total of 12 assessment indicators. The fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method was used to evaluate the market risk. The evaluation results showed that the market risk of dairy farms in Heilongjiang Province was at low risk; however, the policy risk was high. Finally, according to the results of the assessment, the suggestions was made as the followings： the government should expand the scope of policy insurance for dairy farming, vigorously promote the development of cooperative organizations and intermediary organizations in dairy farms by purchasing services through government, increase their functional roles and establish strict supervision mechanisms, including the establishment of official advice hotline and consultation channel online and improving third-party testing mechanism; government and the department of management industry would improve their abilities of management and do a good job of training and guiding.
基金This research was supported by the National Social Sci-ence Foundation of China under Grant 06CJL019.
文摘The function of E-commerce is becoming more and more widely applied to many fields,which bring about some new challenges and opportunities for the construction of marketing model.It is proved that the more E-com-merce applied to the construction of marketing,the more precision of forecast for the enterprises can acquire,which is very helpful for the production and marketing of enterprises.Therefore,the research on the E-commerce applied to the construction of marketing is popular today.This paper applied the five important elements which are product,price,place,advertising and sales promotion,as well as,consumer behavior to construct a marketing model with E-commerce.By the analysis,this paper will draw the conclusions that two problems should be faced.One is that available theories and approaches may be insufficient in tackling many E-commerce problems.And the other is that the construction of marketing model for E-commerce can enrich the fields quite remarkably as the new theories,data and methods which can be applied.
文摘Both civil&commercial law and economic law are the main legal basis for supervising market behavior and regulating market order.They are indispensable laws in the national economic development and construction.By analyzing the relationship between civil&commercial law and economic law in the context of market economy,this article explores the similarities and differences between,and through the perfection and application of the two,China’s social and economic stability and a lasting progress can be better realized under the mechanism of market economy.
基金Projects(71271215,71221061) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2011DFA10440) supported by the International Science&Technology Cooperation Program of ChinaProject(CX2012B067) supported by Hunan Provincial Innovation Foundation for Postgraduate,China
文摘In order to characterizc large fluctuations of the financial markets and optimize financial portfolio, a new dynamic asset control strategy was proposed in this work. Firstly, a random process item with variable jump intensity was introduced to the existing discrete microstructure model to denote large price fluctuations. The nonparametric method of LEE was used for detecting jumps. Further, the extended Kalman filter and the maximum likelihood method were applied to discrete microstructure modeling and the estimation of two market potential variables： market excess demand and liquidity. At last, based on the estimated variables, an assets allocation strategy using evolutionary algorithm was designed to control the weight of each asset dynamically. Case studies on IBM Stock show that jumps with variable intensity are detected successfully, and the assets allocation strategy may effectively keep the total assets growth or prevent assets loss at the stochastic financial market.
文摘The region of existence of phases in equilibrium with the solid solution based on palladium. Presented to analyze the current situation in the market of precious metals in Russia. Provides information about the production and processing of precious metals. Prospects for the most likely path of development of the Russian market of precious metals.
