Pain is a signal of inflammation that can have both protective and pathogenic effects.Macrophages,significant components of the immune system,play crucial roles in the occurrence and development of pain,particularly i...Pain is a signal of inflammation that can have both protective and pathogenic effects.Macrophages,significant components of the immune system,play crucial roles in the occurrence and development of pain,particularly in neuroimmune communication.Macrophages exhibit plasticity and heterogeneity,adopting either pro-inflammatory M1 or anti-inflammatory M2 phenotypes depending on their functional orientation.Recent research highlights the contribution of macrophages to pain dynamics by undergoing changes in their functional polarity,leading to macrophage activation,tissue infiltration,and cytokine secretion.M1 macrophages release pro-inflammatory mediators that are not only essential in defending against infections,but also contributing to tissue damage and the elicitation of pain.However,this process can be counteracted by M2 macrophages,facilitating pain relief through producing anti-inflammatory cytokines and opioid peptides or enhancing efferocytosis.M1 and M2 macrophages play important roles in both the initiation and mitigation of pain.展开更多
巨噬细胞具有较强的可塑性与异质性,可针对不同信号刺激发生功能转化,如转化为经典激活M1型(即M1型极化)、选择性激活M2型(即M2型极化)等。巨噬细胞M1/M2型极化的途径较为广泛,涉及核因子-κB(nuclear factor-κB,NF-κB)/丝裂原活化蛋...巨噬细胞具有较强的可塑性与异质性,可针对不同信号刺激发生功能转化,如转化为经典激活M1型(即M1型极化)、选择性激活M2型(即M2型极化)等。巨噬细胞M1/M2型极化的途径较为广泛,涉及核因子-κB(nuclear factor-κB,NF-κB)/丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(mitogen-activated protein kinase,MAPK)信号通路、白细胞介素-4(interleukin-4,IL-4)/信号转导与转录激活因子6(signal transduction and activator of transcription 6,STAT6)信号通路、Notch信号通路、无翼样糖蛋白/β-连环蛋白(Wnt/β-catenin)信号通路等。同时,巨噬细胞M1/M2型极化可不同程度地受到外泌体、代谢物、非编码RNA、电刺激、益生菌等的功能调节,其失衡与不同类型肝病的发生、发展关系密切。该文通过对该极化的作用机制进行梳理,发现巨噬细胞M1型极化在肝组织损伤、炎症反应及纤维化进程中起助推作用,巨噬细胞M2型极化则相反;其中,肝癌作为慢性肝病的晚期阶段,以巨噬细胞M2型极化增强、巨噬细胞M1型极化受损为特征。因此,该文关注巨噬细胞M1/M2型极化在不同类型肝病中的作用,以期能更好地确立巨噬细胞亚群靶向疗法。展开更多
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(2021JJ41060,2022JJ30972)the Changsha Municipal Natural Science Foundation(kq2014280)+1 种基金the Research Program Project of Hunan Health Commission(B202304119634)China。
文摘Pain is a signal of inflammation that can have both protective and pathogenic effects.Macrophages,significant components of the immune system,play crucial roles in the occurrence and development of pain,particularly in neuroimmune communication.Macrophages exhibit plasticity and heterogeneity,adopting either pro-inflammatory M1 or anti-inflammatory M2 phenotypes depending on their functional orientation.Recent research highlights the contribution of macrophages to pain dynamics by undergoing changes in their functional polarity,leading to macrophage activation,tissue infiltration,and cytokine secretion.M1 macrophages release pro-inflammatory mediators that are not only essential in defending against infections,but also contributing to tissue damage and the elicitation of pain.However,this process can be counteracted by M2 macrophages,facilitating pain relief through producing anti-inflammatory cytokines and opioid peptides or enhancing efferocytosis.M1 and M2 macrophages play important roles in both the initiation and mitigation of pain.
文摘巨噬细胞具有较强的可塑性与异质性,可针对不同信号刺激发生功能转化,如转化为经典激活M1型(即M1型极化)、选择性激活M2型(即M2型极化)等。巨噬细胞M1/M2型极化的途径较为广泛,涉及核因子-κB(nuclear factor-κB,NF-κB)/丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(mitogen-activated protein kinase,MAPK)信号通路、白细胞介素-4(interleukin-4,IL-4)/信号转导与转录激活因子6(signal transduction and activator of transcription 6,STAT6)信号通路、Notch信号通路、无翼样糖蛋白/β-连环蛋白(Wnt/β-catenin)信号通路等。同时,巨噬细胞M1/M2型极化可不同程度地受到外泌体、代谢物、非编码RNA、电刺激、益生菌等的功能调节,其失衡与不同类型肝病的发生、发展关系密切。该文通过对该极化的作用机制进行梳理,发现巨噬细胞M1型极化在肝组织损伤、炎症反应及纤维化进程中起助推作用,巨噬细胞M2型极化则相反;其中,肝癌作为慢性肝病的晚期阶段,以巨噬细胞M2型极化增强、巨噬细胞M1型极化受损为特征。因此,该文关注巨噬细胞M1/M2型极化在不同类型肝病中的作用,以期能更好地确立巨噬细胞亚群靶向疗法。
