Traffic accidents involving pedestrians and drivers pose significant public health and safety concerns.Understanding the differential influences of road physical design attributes on crash frequencies for these two gr...Traffic accidents involving pedestrians and drivers pose significant public health and safety concerns.Understanding the differential influences of road physical design attributes on crash frequencies for these two groups is critical for developing targeted safety interventions.Considering that the zero-truncated characteristic of the data is uncertain,the results of the zero-truncated negative binomial models and traditional negative binomial models are calculated to seek the better model.The result revealed that the road surface conditions and vertical and horizontal curvature have greater influence on both pedestrian and driver compared to number of lanes and speed limit.And speed limits were more pronounced for pedestrian crash frequency than driver group.Conversely,the effect of different types of intersections was stronger for driver crash frequency.The differential influences of road physical design attributes on traffic crash frequencies for pedestrians versus drivers highlight the importance of adopting a user-centric approach to transportation safety planning and infrastructure design.Tailoring interventions to address the unique needs and vulnerabilities of different road user groups can lead to more effective safety improvements and better overall traffic safety outcomes.展开更多
[Background]The previous studies suggest that radioactive elements like Cs and Sr may adversely affect marine ecosystems and the fishing industry.Traditional treatment systems for radioactive wastewater like the Advan...[Background]The previous studies suggest that radioactive elements like Cs and Sr may adversely affect marine ecosystems and the fishing industry.Traditional treatment systems for radioactive wastewater like the Advanced Liquid Processing System(ALPS)and Kurion have faced challenges in limiting concentration and achieving safety criteria.Studies suggest potential long-term impacts on benthic organisms and seafood networks due to radioactive elements like Cs and Sr from the discharged radioactive wastewater,which may hinder post-disaster recovery and provoke economic losses in the fishing industry both domestically and internationally.A series of studies indicate that there are issues of Cs and Sr pollution migration in soil and water conservation in Fukushima.[Methods]To provide feasible solutions,the main article includes five nuclear wastewater treatment technologies,and soil and water conservation measures for different media(water and soil)were evaluated through reviewing the previous fifteen years'articles.To provide feasible solutions,the main articles,the phytoextraction technologies in Cs and Sr treatment within different land use areas were wildly analyzed(Camellia japonica,Arabidopsis halleri and other local species).[Results]1)A 99.9%removal rate for Cs^(+)and 99.5%for Sr^(2+)was achieved by the KFe[Fe(CN)_(6)]and BaSO_(4)co-precipitation method.2)For membrane filtration,Sr^(2+)and Cs^(+)were removed using metal-organic framework(MOF/graphene oxide)and ion exchange techniques using inorganic materials like titanosilicates.The absorption efficiency of membrane filtration for Sr^(2+)and Cs^(+)was at least 92%and 94%,respectively.The study analyzed soil and water conservation technologies in different land uses,river basins and catchments.3)The underground water treatment mainly were completed via the membrance technologies like reverse osmosis and Permeable Reactive Barriers(PRB)technologies.The ^(90) Sr concentration decreased 77%-91%compared to the initial concentration by PRB technology.These diverse methods offered effective strategies for radioactive wastewater treatment,especially the co-precipitation method may be feasible remediation measures to ensure ecological safety surrounding nuclear power utilizing areas.Soil and water conservation measures for soil pollution treatment mainly focused on the use of stabilizers to hinder the migration of Cs and Sr in the soil and the effects of wind erosion such as interpolyelectrolyte complexes.[Conclusions]We evaluated the pollution of Cs and Sr in the Fukushima nuclear radiation soil and water to provide solutions for the treatment of nuclear wastewater and to prevent radionuclide pollutants from migrating into the soil and water.展开更多
Emergency response for ship oil-spill accident should be regarded as a dynamic complex system consisting of human,machine and organization.Recently the reliability evaluation and optimization of machine and organizati...Emergency response for ship oil-spill accident should be regarded as a dynamic complex system consisting of human,machine and organization.Recently the reliability evaluation and optimization of machine and organization in emergency response attached much attention,but the human reliability was ignored in the research.This igno-rance will negatively affect the reliability of the whole emergency response system.Ship oil-spill accident not only leads to heave losses of money and human lives,but also produces serious environmental pollutions.Consequently more and more international maritime institutions have attached highly importance to it.In an attempt to improve the reliability of emergency response for ship oil-spill accident,a human error analysis model was developed considering features of ship oil-spill accident.The model was developed on a theoretical basis with reference to cognitive psychology and HRA.It analyzed three types of human errors including cognitive error,decisive error and act error and four types factors causing human error including external environment,organization,operator own factor and human-machine interface.Finally an example of ineffective oil-ship accident emergency re-sponse has been analyzed with CREAM(Cognitive reliability and error analysis method),a classical second genera-tion HRA methods,in order to test the feasibility and efficiency of HRA model.展开更多
The way to investigate the cause of an industrial accident is considered. It's important for the staff who investigate an accident to be the person who became independent from a production site. Moreover a special...The way to investigate the cause of an industrial accident is considered. It's important for the staff who investigate an accident to be the person who became independent from a production site. Moreover a special right has to be granted to the staff in the organization. The reason is because it's necessary that they have a different viewpoint from field overseer. The staff's viewpoint is a one related to the importance of the site preservation,necessity of an information feedback and the way to fill out an accident report. It was modeled in the last chapter about a relation of the various factors which have an influence on accident investigation.展开更多
A 45-year-old male car driver died in a traffic accident of four cars rear-end collision on the highway.He was found to have died after a respiratory and cardiac arrest at the scene.No sign of skin injuries was observ...A 45-year-old male car driver died in a traffic accident of four cars rear-end collision on the highway.He was found to have died after a respiratory and cardiac arrest at the scene.No sign of skin injuries was observed from the external inspection.The autopsy was not permitted by the family members because of the local culture.Multislice computed tomography(MSCT)was applied to the current case,showing dislocation of C3~4cervical vertebrae withⅡdegree,C4vertebral plate fractures,and spinal stenosis.Post-mortem MSCT confirmed the diagnosis as whiplash injuries.MSCT was verified to be effective in showing the severity of whiplash injuries,thus providing certain objective evidence for medicolegal expertise.展开更多
Objective To reconstruct a car-pedestrian crash accident using numerical simulation technology and explore the injury biomechanism as forensic evidence for injury identification. Methods An integration of multi-body d...Objective To reconstruct a car-pedestrian crash accident using numerical simulation technology and explore the injury biomechanism as forensic evidence for injury identification. Methods An integration of multi-body dynamic, finite element (FE), and classical method was applied to a car-pedestrian crash accident. The location of the collision and the details of the traffic accident were determined by vehicle trace verification and autopsy. The accident reconstruction was performed by coupling the three-dimensional car behavior from PC-CRASH with a MADYMO dummy model. The collision FE models of head and leg, developed from CT scans of human remains, were loaded with calculated dummy collision parameters. The data of the impact biomechanical responses were extracted in terms of von Mises stress, relative displacement, strain and stress fringes. Results The accident reconstruction results were identical with the examined ones and the biomechanism of head and leg injuries, illustrated through the FE methods, were consistent with the classical injury theories. Conclusion The numerical simulation technology is proved to be effective in identifying traffic accidents and exploring of injury biomechanism.展开更多
Objective To explore the injury mechanism of the human knee in a traffic accident by establishing a 3D finite element(FE) model. Methods The FE model, composed of femur, tibia, fibula, patella, meniscus, knee ligament...Objective To explore the injury mechanism of the human knee in a traffic accident by establishing a 3D finite element(FE) model. Methods The FE model, composed of femur, tibia, fibula, patella, meniscus, knee ligaments and surrounding soft tissues, was reconstructed by CT scanning data from a male volunteer. Validation was performed by the lateral impact simulation, and the stress and strain results were obtained to be compared with those previously reported for injury prediction. Results The results derived from the FE model were found to be similar with those previously reported, most of the ligaments and meniscus wounded at 40 m/s collision, which was readily observed. Conclusion The simulation results generated by FE model can be effectively used for the injury mechanism analysis of initial contact.展开更多
基金Projects(52102407,52472354)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China。
文摘Traffic accidents involving pedestrians and drivers pose significant public health and safety concerns.Understanding the differential influences of road physical design attributes on crash frequencies for these two groups is critical for developing targeted safety interventions.Considering that the zero-truncated characteristic of the data is uncertain,the results of the zero-truncated negative binomial models and traditional negative binomial models are calculated to seek the better model.The result revealed that the road surface conditions and vertical and horizontal curvature have greater influence on both pedestrian and driver compared to number of lanes and speed limit.And speed limits were more pronounced for pedestrian crash frequency than driver group.Conversely,the effect of different types of intersections was stronger for driver crash frequency.The differential influences of road physical design attributes on traffic crash frequencies for pedestrians versus drivers highlight the importance of adopting a user-centric approach to transportation safety planning and infrastructure design.Tailoring interventions to address the unique needs and vulnerabilities of different road user groups can lead to more effective safety improvements and better overall traffic safety outcomes.
基金Xiong′an New Area Science and Technology Innovation Project(2022XACX1000)。
文摘[Background]The previous studies suggest that radioactive elements like Cs and Sr may adversely affect marine ecosystems and the fishing industry.Traditional treatment systems for radioactive wastewater like the Advanced Liquid Processing System(ALPS)and Kurion have faced challenges in limiting concentration and achieving safety criteria.Studies suggest potential long-term impacts on benthic organisms and seafood networks due to radioactive elements like Cs and Sr from the discharged radioactive wastewater,which may hinder post-disaster recovery and provoke economic losses in the fishing industry both domestically and internationally.A series of studies indicate that there are issues of Cs and Sr pollution migration in soil and water conservation in Fukushima.[Methods]To provide feasible solutions,the main article includes five nuclear wastewater treatment technologies,and soil and water conservation measures for different media(water and soil)were evaluated through reviewing the previous fifteen years'articles.To provide feasible solutions,the main articles,the phytoextraction technologies in Cs and Sr treatment within different land use areas were wildly analyzed(Camellia japonica,Arabidopsis halleri and other local species).[Results]1)A 99.9%removal rate for Cs^(+)and 99.5%for Sr^(2+)was achieved by the KFe[Fe(CN)_(6)]and BaSO_(4)co-precipitation method.2)For membrane filtration,Sr^(2+)and Cs^(+)were removed using metal-organic framework(MOF/graphene oxide)and ion exchange techniques using inorganic materials like titanosilicates.The absorption efficiency of membrane filtration for Sr^(2+)and Cs^(+)was at least 92%and 94%,respectively.The study analyzed soil and water conservation technologies in different land uses,river basins and catchments.3)The underground water treatment mainly were completed via the membrance technologies like reverse osmosis and Permeable Reactive Barriers(PRB)technologies.The ^(90) Sr concentration decreased 77%-91%compared to the initial concentration by PRB technology.These diverse methods offered effective strategies for radioactive wastewater treatment,especially the co-precipitation method may be feasible remediation measures to ensure ecological safety surrounding nuclear power utilizing areas.Soil and water conservation measures for soil pollution treatment mainly focused on the use of stabilizers to hinder the migration of Cs and Sr in the soil and the effects of wind erosion such as interpolyelectrolyte complexes.[Conclusions]We evaluated the pollution of Cs and Sr in the Fukushima nuclear radiation soil and water to provide solutions for the treatment of nuclear wastewater and to prevent radionuclide pollutants from migrating into the soil and water.
文摘Emergency response for ship oil-spill accident should be regarded as a dynamic complex system consisting of human,machine and organization.Recently the reliability evaluation and optimization of machine and organization in emergency response attached much attention,but the human reliability was ignored in the research.This igno-rance will negatively affect the reliability of the whole emergency response system.Ship oil-spill accident not only leads to heave losses of money and human lives,but also produces serious environmental pollutions.Consequently more and more international maritime institutions have attached highly importance to it.In an attempt to improve the reliability of emergency response for ship oil-spill accident,a human error analysis model was developed considering features of ship oil-spill accident.The model was developed on a theoretical basis with reference to cognitive psychology and HRA.It analyzed three types of human errors including cognitive error,decisive error and act error and four types factors causing human error including external environment,organization,operator own factor and human-machine interface.Finally an example of ineffective oil-ship accident emergency re-sponse has been analyzed with CREAM(Cognitive reliability and error analysis method),a classical second genera-tion HRA methods,in order to test the feasibility and efficiency of HRA model.
文摘The way to investigate the cause of an industrial accident is considered. It's important for the staff who investigate an accident to be the person who became independent from a production site. Moreover a special right has to be granted to the staff in the organization. The reason is because it's necessary that they have a different viewpoint from field overseer. The staff's viewpoint is a one related to the importance of the site preservation,necessity of an information feedback and the way to fill out an accident report. It was modeled in the last chapter about a relation of the various factors which have an influence on accident investigation.
文摘A 45-year-old male car driver died in a traffic accident of four cars rear-end collision on the highway.He was found to have died after a respiratory and cardiac arrest at the scene.No sign of skin injuries was observed from the external inspection.The autopsy was not permitted by the family members because of the local culture.Multislice computed tomography(MSCT)was applied to the current case,showing dislocation of C3~4cervical vertebrae withⅡdegree,C4vertebral plate fractures,and spinal stenosis.Post-mortem MSCT confirmed the diagnosis as whiplash injuries.MSCT was verified to be effective in showing the severity of whiplash injuries,thus providing certain objective evidence for medicolegal expertise.
基金This study was funded by Key Projects in the National Science ＆ Technology Pillar Program in the 12th Five-Year Plan （No. 2012BAK16B02）, the Council of National Science Foundation China （No. 81273338, 81102300）, the Science and Technology Committee of Shanghai Municipality （No. 12DZ2271500, 10ZR1431200） and the Central Research Institute Public Project （No. GYll05）.
文摘Objective To reconstruct a car-pedestrian crash accident using numerical simulation technology and explore the injury biomechanism as forensic evidence for injury identification. Methods An integration of multi-body dynamic, finite element (FE), and classical method was applied to a car-pedestrian crash accident. The location of the collision and the details of the traffic accident were determined by vehicle trace verification and autopsy. The accident reconstruction was performed by coupling the three-dimensional car behavior from PC-CRASH with a MADYMO dummy model. The collision FE models of head and leg, developed from CT scans of human remains, were loaded with calculated dummy collision parameters. The data of the impact biomechanical responses were extracted in terms of von Mises stress, relative displacement, strain and stress fringes. Results The accident reconstruction results were identical with the examined ones and the biomechanism of head and leg injuries, illustrated through the FE methods, were consistent with the classical injury theories. Conclusion The numerical simulation technology is proved to be effective in identifying traffic accidents and exploring of injury biomechanism.
基金The current study was funded by the 12th Five-year National Plan for Science and Technology，the Council of National Science Foundation of China，the Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality，the Science Foundation of IFS
文摘Objective To explore the injury mechanism of the human knee in a traffic accident by establishing a 3D finite element(FE) model. Methods The FE model, composed of femur, tibia, fibula, patella, meniscus, knee ligaments and surrounding soft tissues, was reconstructed by CT scanning data from a male volunteer. Validation was performed by the lateral impact simulation, and the stress and strain results were obtained to be compared with those previously reported for injury prediction. Results The results derived from the FE model were found to be similar with those previously reported, most of the ligaments and meniscus wounded at 40 m/s collision, which was readily observed. Conclusion The simulation results generated by FE model can be effectively used for the injury mechanism analysis of initial contact.
