NEOPLASMS derive from small intestine are rareand most cases are adenocarcinomas andcarcinoid.1 Squamous cell carcinoma of smallintestine is even rarer and only few casesreported in literature.1 In this article, we re...NEOPLASMS derive from small intestine are rareand most cases are adenocarcinomas andcarcinoid.1 Squamous cell carcinoma of smallintestine is even rarer and only few casesreported in literature.1 In this article, we report a case of a68-year-old male who underwent a laparotomy due toperforation of the small intestine and was diagnosed withsquamous cell carcinoma of the small intestine.展开更多
480 healthy 1-day-old male yellow-feathered chickens were selected and assigned randomly into groups A and B,each having 6 pens with 40 birds per pen.The birds in group A were fed with wheatbased diet and group B with...480 healthy 1-day-old male yellow-feathered chickens were selected and assigned randomly into groups A and B,each having 6 pens with 40 birds per pen.The birds in group A were fed with wheatbased diet and group B with wheat-based diet supplemented with xylanase(1.2×l0~4 U/kg diet).On day 16,two birds per replication with average live weight were selected and sacrificed.Tissue samples of jejunum and ileum were collected to detect mRNA expression of cationic amino acid transporters using RT-PCR.The results showed that xylanase significantly increased the abundance of mRNA for rBAT and CAT4 in the intestines of broilers fed with wheat-based diets(P<0.05)and had a tendency to increase the mRNA expression of y^+LAT2 and CAT1 in jejunum(P>0.05),y^+LAT2,CAT1 and CAT4 in ileum(P>0.05).The treatment had no effect on the expression of rBAT mRNA in ileum(P>0.05).展开更多
Objective The purpose of the study is to investigate the effects of Charred Fructus Crataegi Alcohol Extract on contractililty of isolated rat gastric and intesting smooth muscle strips.Methods Isolated rat intestine ...Objective The purpose of the study is to investigate the effects of Charred Fructus Crataegi Alcohol Extract on contractililty of isolated rat gastric and intesting smooth muscle strips.Methods Isolated rat intestine was selected in the assay to test the effects of Charred Fructus Crataegi Alcohol Extract on contractilty of isolated rat gastric and intestine smooth muscle strips using Krebs' solution,to observe the effects of in the presence of acetylcholine or atropine.Results Charred Fructus Crataegi Alcohol Extract in the range of 2-8 mg crude drugs/mL could significantly reduce the contractility of rat gastric and intestine smooth muscle strips in a dose-dependent manner,and Charred Fructus Crataegi Alcohol Extract 8 mg·mL-1(crude drugs)could inhibit the stimulation induced by acetylcholine.Charred Fructus Crataegi Alcohol Extract 8 mg·mL-1(crude drugs)was found to have a inhibiton of the relaxtion concurrently used with atropin.Conclusions The results suggest that Charred Fructus Crataegi Alcohol Extract has prominent inhibitory effects on the contractile activity of isolated rat gastric and intestine smooth muscle strips.展开更多
in order to understand the dynamic change of nitric oxide (NO) and its pathological significance during intestinal radiation sickness, we gave mice 60Co γ-ray irradiation and sacrificed them after different periods o...in order to understand the dynamic change of nitric oxide (NO) and its pathological significance during intestinal radiation sickness, we gave mice 60Co γ-ray irradiation and sacrificed them after different periods of survival.The dynamic distribution of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in the small intestines (duodenum, jejunum and ileum) was studied by using NADPH-diaphorase histochemistry. The results showed that in the animal groups that survived 48 h and 72 h after irradiation (the 48 h and 72 h groups), the number of NOS-positive neuronal bodies and the density of NOS-positive fibers increased obviously in the myenteric plexus and deep muscular plexus as compared with the control group. The neuronal bodies and fibers were stained intensely. The NOS-positive reaction product in the glandular cavities of the intestines and on the mucosa also increased. The results suggest that the activation of NOS or increase of NO production might be one of the main causes of intestinal and vascular dilatation during intestinal radiation sickness.展开更多
In the present study,the localization of nitric oxide synthase(NOS) in the mouse intestines(duodenum,jejunum,ileum and proximal segment of large intestine) was observed using NADPH-diaphorase(ND) histochemical techniq...In the present study,the localization of nitric oxide synthase(NOS) in the mouse intestines(duodenum,jejunum,ileum and proximal segment of large intestine) was observed using NADPH-diaphorase(ND) histochemical technique.The results showed that the NOS-pos展开更多
Objective The pathological significance of nitric oxide (NO) in the intestinal type radiation sickness. Methods: The intestinal type radiation sickness of BALB/c mice were induced byCo γ-radiation, andthe nitric oxid...Objective The pathological significance of nitric oxide (NO) in the intestinal type radiation sickness. Methods: The intestinal type radiation sickness of BALB/c mice were induced byCo γ-radiation, andthe nitric oxide synthase (NOS), mucosa structure and survival rate of intestinal gland were examined by using NADPH-diaphorase histochemistry, H-E staining, Feulgen’s reaction and intestinal gland counting techniques. Results: Compared with irradiated mice without (L--NAME ) treatment, the dilatation of intestinalcavity and blood vessels of mice treated with L-NAME were lessened, the survival rates of intestinal glandwere remarkably increased (P < 0. 01), the mucosal structure was obviously improved, and the amount ofNOS--positive structures or products were also reduced. Conclusion: Activation of NOS or increase of NOsynthesis might aggravate the acute pathological injuries of intestines of the irradiated mice, whereas administration of L-NAME has protective effect on the intestinal mucosa to certain extent.展开更多
2'-Fucosyllactose(2'-FL)shows the potential to support intestinal health as a natural prebiotic that bridges the gap between infant formula feeding and breastfeeding.However,the effect and mechanism of 2'-...2'-Fucosyllactose(2'-FL)shows the potential to support intestinal health as a natural prebiotic that bridges the gap between infant formula feeding and breastfeeding.However,the effect and mechanism of 2'-FL in improving intestinal permeability are not clear.In this study,we constructed human microbiota-associated(HMA)mouse models by colonizing healthy infant feces in mice with antibiotic-depleted intestinal microbiota.The protective effect of 2'-FL on the intestinal permeability was explored using the HMA mouse models,and the combination of metagenomics was used to analyze the possible mechanisms by which the microorganisms reduced the intestinal permeability.The results showed that 2'-FL decreased the concentration of markers of intestinal permeability(enterotoxin and diamine oxidase(DAO))and increased the expression levels of tight junctions(occludin and claudin).Metagenomics revealed the enrichment of Bifidobacterium and increased the expression of glycoside hydrolases(GHs),including GH31,GH28,and GH5.In conclusion,2'-FL strengthened intestinal permeability function by improving microbiota composition to control the translocation of harmful substance.展开更多
Bifidobacterium longum subsp.infantis and Bifidobacterium adolescentis play important roles in the guts of infants and adolescents,respectively.In this study,using a neonatal rat model,we compared the protective effec...Bifidobacterium longum subsp.infantis and Bifidobacterium adolescentis play important roles in the guts of infants and adolescents,respectively.In this study,using a neonatal rat model,we compared the protective effects of these 2 bifidobacterial species against Salmonella infection.The results demonstrated that B.longum subsp.infantis was more effective than B.adolescentis in alleviating the severity of infection in newborn rats exposed to Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium strain SL1344.B.longum subsp.infantis attenuated intestinal inflammation and mucosal damage induced by Salmonella infection,as well as protecting intestinal nerves and intestinal barrier function through TLR4/My D88 signalling.B.longum subsp.infantis also displayed the potential to modulate gut metabolites by promoting the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids(arachidonic acid,eicosapentaenoic acid andα-linolenic acid)and purine metabolism(guanine,adenine,inosine and adenosine),thereby regulating metabolic disturbances.Additionally,the benefits of B.longum subsp.infantis were also observed in the liver,spleen and brain,improving nerve reflexes and suppressing hepatosplenomegaly.Overall,these findings provide novel insights into the prevention and treatment of gutrelated diseases in newborns,highlighting the potentially significant role of B.longum subsp.infantis in clinical applications.展开更多
Heat processing of food has been well validated as the trigger to generate heat-processing side product of advanced lipoxidation end products(ALEs),which potentially engenders the threat on systemic health or progress...Heat processing of food has been well validated as the trigger to generate heat-processing side product of advanced lipoxidation end products(ALEs),which potentially engenders the threat on systemic health or progression of diseases,especially the accumulated effect after long-term intake.Thus,the study was proposed to evaluate the effect of dietary ALEs on health after long-term ingestion,specifically through simulating the intake of dietary ALE in mice within 9 months to investigate the intervention effect and underlying mechanism.The unexpected observation of renal insufficiency or impairment after long-term intake of dietary ALEs indicated the negative impact on renal health,which has been verified by the pathological analysis.Further studies revealed that a high-ALEs diet disrupted the intestinal barrier,with enhanced impact after disturbing the gut microbiota to potentially lower the abundance of beneficial microbiome through producing nephrotoxic metabolites.Correlation analysis showed that the proliferation of harmful bacteria and the reduction of beneficial bacteria were strongly correlated with intestinal barrier damage and the development of renal insufficiency.Furthermore,the underlying mechanism was unveiled as that ALEs could inhibit AMPK/SIRT1 signaling to fundamentally induce renal inflammation and oxidative stress.Thus,it was revealed that long-term intake of dietary ALE could result in renal impairment,and the results emphasized the control or intervention on dietary ALE to decrease to accumulated impairment on systemic health.展开更多
Anthocyanin,as a typical food bioactive molecule,is capable of reversing inflammatory,oxidative and allergic condition thus contributes to intestinal health.We were wondering whether anthocyanin has influence on the i...Anthocyanin,as a typical food bioactive molecule,is capable of reversing inflammatory,oxidative and allergic condition thus contributes to intestinal health.We were wondering whether anthocyanin has influence on the infiltration of inflammatory cells into the intestinal mucosa and thus help enhancing intestinal barrier which could be damaged in some metabolic diseases.In this study,the influence of anthocyanin(administered orally)on the alterations(including structure and permeability)of the intestinal mucosa in mice in response to a high fat-high cholesterol(HFHC)diet was investigated.Primary T helper 17(Th17)cells were isolated from mouse intestine tissues to observe the modulatory role of anthocyanin through the transcription phosphorylated STAT 3(p-STAT3).The results indicated that anthocyanin significantly alleviated HFHC-induced impairment in the intestinal structures and permeability in a dose-dependent manner;moreover,anthocyanin appeared to inhibit HFHC induced the expression of p-STAT3,thereby disturbing Th17 cell differentiation.In high-fat diet(HFD,cholesterol level non-modified)-challenged mice selective p-STAT3 inhibitor significantly reversed the effects of anthocyanin,which were decreased amount of interleukin(IL)-17A(produced and released from Th17 cells)and the protected intestinal structure/function.In summary,the results of this study suggest that anthocyanin may attenuate the damage of intestinal barrier in HFHC mice through regulating intestinal STAT3-Th17-IL-17A signal transduction pathway.展开更多
Bifidobacterium longum subsp.infantis is a commensal bacterium that predominates in the infant gut,playing a critical role in both preventing foreign infections and facilitating immune development.This study aimed to ...Bifidobacterium longum subsp.infantis is a commensal bacterium that predominates in the infant gut,playing a critical role in both preventing foreign infections and facilitating immune development.This study aimed to explore the effects of B.longum subsp.infantis supplementation on interferon-beta(IFN-β)secretion and intestinal barrier improvement in growing mice.Female and male mice were orally administered either saline or B.longum subsp.infantis CCFM1269 or I5TI(1×10^(9) CFU/mice per day,n=8)from 1-week-age until 3-,4-,and 5-week-age.RNA sequencing analysis revealed that CCFM1269 exhibited potential antiviral capacity through increasing 2'-5'oligoadenylate synthetase(OAS).Additionally,CCFM1269 supplementation significantly increased colonic IFN-β levels which combined with OAS in 3-week-old female and male mice by activating the TLR4-TRIF-dependent signaling pathway.However,this effect was not observed in 4-and 5-week-old mice.Furthermore,both CCFM1269 were found to modulate the gut microbiota composition and enhance the intestinal barrier function in 3-,4-,and 5-week-old mice.In summary,the results of this study suggested that B.longum subsp.infantis CCFM1269 promoting intestinal barrier and releasing IFN-β in growing mice was in a strain-specific and time-dependent manner.展开更多
Blautia has attracted attention because of its potential efficacy in ameliorating host energy metabolism and inflammation.This study aims to investigate the influences of Blautia producta D4 on colitis induced by dext...Blautia has attracted attention because of its potential efficacy in ameliorating host energy metabolism and inflammation.This study aims to investigate the influences of Blautia producta D4 on colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)and to reveal the underlying mechanisms.Results showed that B.producta D4 intervention significantly relieved body weight loss,and suppressed the elevation of pro-inflammatory cytokines(including interleukin-6(IL-6),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),and interleukin-1β(IL-1β))and excessive oxidative stress(myeloperoxidease(MPO)activity,superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity,glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)activity,and malondialdehyde(MDA)level)in colitis mice.Moreover,the concentrations of tight junction proteins(occludin,claudin-1,and ZO-1)related to the intestinal barrier were obviously elevated,and colitis-related TLR4/NF-κB pathway activation was remarkably inhibited after B.producta D4 intervention.The intestinal microbial disorder was evidently ameliorated by increasing the relative abundance of Clostridium sensu stricto 1,Bifidobacterium,GCA-900066225,Enterorhabdus,and reducing the relative abundance of Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 group.In conclusion,oral administration of B.producta D4 could ameliorate DSS-induced colitis by suppressing inflammatory responses,maintaining the intestinal barrier,inhibiting TLR4/NF-κB pathway,and regulating intestinal microbiota balance.These results are conducive to accelerate the development of B.producta D4 as a functional probiotic for colitis.展开更多
The purpose of this study was to characterize mulberry leaf instant tea(MLIT)powder prepared from the'Longsang No.1'(Morus abla L.cv.Longsang 1)mulberry leaves in Heilongjiang Province(China)and assess its obe...The purpose of this study was to characterize mulberry leaf instant tea(MLIT)powder prepared from the'Longsang No.1'(Morus abla L.cv.Longsang 1)mulberry leaves in Heilongjiang Province(China)and assess its obesity-preventing/relieving effects.A total of 174 compounds including quercetin,chlorogenic acid,1-deoxyecomycin(1-DNJ)related to antihyperlipidemia effects were identified from the MLIT powder.MLIT treatment reversed the Lee's index,fat coefficient,and serum biochemical parameters in both the obesity relieving and obesity preventing mice fed with high-fat diet.In the obesity relieving experiment,the relative abundance of Desulfovibrio in mouse feces decreased after both 0.5%and 1%MLIT treatments.In obesity preventing experiments,mouse with different amount of MLIT treatments showed increased relative abundance of Akkermansia,Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus,while Deferribacteres,Desulfobacterota decreased.The beneficial bacteria in the intestinal tract of mice treated with MLIT increased.This study proved that MLIT had antihyperlipidemia potential via modulating intestinal microbiota in mice.展开更多
Ergothioneine is a natural amino acid with powerful antioxidant activity.Previous studies have demonstrated that ergothioneine can increase the lifespan of Drosophila melanogaster and Caenorhabditis elegans,and enhanc...Ergothioneine is a natural amino acid with powerful antioxidant activity.Previous studies have demonstrated that ergothioneine can increase the lifespan of Drosophila melanogaster and Caenorhabditis elegans,and enhance telomerase activity.In present study,the metagenomics sequencing and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis were employed to characterize the composition and diversity of gut microbiome in aging flies.And the alterations in the gut barrier,gut morphology,and other gut physiological indicators of aging flies were evaluated.Here,the results showed that ergothioneine induced little variations in gut microbiota composition in flies at mid-life,and significant alterations in the gut microbiota populations were only observed in flies at late-life.And ergothioneine attenuated age-related gut injuries,including decreasing reactive oxygen species levels in intestinal enterocytes,reduction of intestinal cells death,and preservation of gut integrity in aging flies.Ergothioneine also improved the gut morphology by preserving the structure and shape of cell organelles and inducing the intestinal autophagy.And activation of intestinal autophagy also contributed to the longevity effect mediated by ergothioneine in an unidentified mechanism.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the influence of xylooligosaccharides on skin inflammation,behavioral characteristics,neurotransmitters,and gut flora in a mouse model of atopic dermatitis(AD)induced by 2,4-dinitrofluorobenze...Objective:To investigate the influence of xylooligosaccharides on skin inflammation,behavioral characteristics,neurotransmitters,and gut flora in a mouse model of atopic dermatitis(AD)induced by 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene(DNFB).Methods:The AD mouse model was created by administration of DNFB for 14 consecutive days.The scoring atopic dermatitis index,enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),histopathology,and immunohistochemical analyses were used to assess inflammation and depression-like behaviors.Furthermore,high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to determine the composition of fecal microbiota.Results:Xylooligosaccharides treatment reduced the number of scratches and skin thickness,mast cell infiltration and the levels of immunoglobulin(Ig)E and T-helper cytokines compared with the AD model group.Meanwhile,xylooligosaccharides treatment reduced the immobility time of mice in the forced swimming test and increased the total movement distance and movement distance in the center area in the open-field test.Furthermore,5-hydroxytryptamine and dopamine expression in the brain was increased following xylooligosaccharides treatment.Using network pharmacology,Gene Ontology analysis showed that the targets were mainly enriched in phosphatase binding and the regulation of leukocyte differentiation,which ameliorated AD mainly through the hypoxia inducible factor-1 and phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase-protein kinase B pathways.16S rRNA gene sequencing,diversity indices,and gut microbial taxonomic composition analysis showed DNFB-induced changes in intestinal microbiota diversity in AD mice.Comparative analysis indicated that xylooligosaccharides intake improved the gut microbiome by dramatically enhancing the concentration of Lactobacillus while decreasing the concentration of Bacteroides in mice.Conclusion:Xylooligosaccharides reduce inflammatory dermatosis and related depression-like behaviors via regulating intestinal homeostasis,having medicinal value as a nutritional and functional ingredient.展开更多
Diarrhea has become the leading cause of illness and death among infants and young children in developing countries.Clinically,patients with diarrhea showed damaged intestinal epithelial villi,usually accompanied by l...Diarrhea has become the leading cause of illness and death among infants and young children in developing countries.Clinically,patients with diarrhea showed damaged intestinal epithelial villi,usually accompanied by lactase deficiency.In this study,we evaluated the therapeutic effects of lactose-free milk powder on rats and children with diarrhea.Antibiotic-associated diarrhea(AAD)model was established by gavage with antibiotic mixture in SD rats,followed by administration of milk powder containing lactose or not.The results showed that lactose-free milk powder ameliorated A AD-related diarrhea symptoms,and accelerated the recovery from diarrhea.And 16S sequencing results indicated lactose-free milk powder contributed to increase theα-andβ-diversity of intestinal flora,and restore the intestinal microbiota disorder.In conclusion,our data demonstrate that lactose-free milk powder could alleviate diarrhea by restoring gut microbiota and intestinal barrier function.展开更多
Streptococcus thermophilus is one of the most prevalent species in stool samples of westernized populations due to continuous exposure to fermented dairy products.However,few studies have explored the effect on host p...Streptococcus thermophilus is one of the most prevalent species in stool samples of westernized populations due to continuous exposure to fermented dairy products.However,few studies have explored the effect on host physiology by multiple S.thermophilus strains and considered the inter-strain differences in regulating host.In the present study,we investigated how four S.thermophilus strains influenced the gut microbiota,mucin changes,and host metabolism after 28 days of intervention in conventional mice.The results indicated that the consumption of S.thermophilus affected the host with strain specificity.Among four S.thermophilus strains,DYNDL13-4 and DQHXNQ38M61,especially DQHXNQ38M61,had more effect on host physiology by modulating gut microbiota and host metabolism than LMD9 and 4M6.Ingestion of strains DYNDL13-4 and DQHXNQ38M61 resulted in more remarkable changes in amino acid metabolism and lipid metabolism than that of strains LMD9 and 4M6,which may be related to the elevation of intestinal Bifidobacterium by DYNDL13-4 and DQHXNQ38M61.The enriched Coriobacteriaceae UCG-002,Rikenellaceae RC9 gut group,and Lactobacillus only in the DQHXNQ38M61 group,had a close relationship with the prominent effect of DQHXNQ38M61 on regulating amino acid and lipid metabolism.In addition,DQHXNQ38M61 had a strong influence on degrading colonic mucin fucose by decreasedα-fucosidase activity in feces,and improving mucin sulfation by upregulated Gal3ST2 expression.Comparative genomic analysis revealed that the four S.thermophilus strains belonged to different branches in the phylogenetic tree,and DYNDL13-4 and DQHXNQ38M61 had more genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism,amino acid metabolism,membrane transport,and signal transduction,which may confer the capacity of nutrient utilization and gastrointestinal adaptation of the strains and be associated with their strong regulation in host.Our study provides valuable information for understanding the regulation of host metabolism after consuming different S.thermophilus strains and could facilitate potential personalized applications of S.thermophilus based on strain varieties.展开更多
Soy polysaccharide(SP)has been reported to possess the properties of modulating gut microbiome diversity.Here,we aimed to explore the protective effects of SP against dextran sulphate sodium(DSS)-induced colitis.Pre-t...Soy polysaccharide(SP)has been reported to possess the properties of modulating gut microbiome diversity.Here,we aimed to explore the protective effects of SP against dextran sulphate sodium(DSS)-induced colitis.Pre-treatment with SP at a dosage of 400 mg/kg·day alleviated colitis symptoms,preventing the weight loss and colon shorten.SP suppressed DSS-induced inflammatory response and enhanced M1 to M2 macrophage polarization.Further investigation showed that SP significantly promoted the regeneration of crypt and the expansion of goblet cell production.In addition,bacterial 16S rRNA sequencing analysis showed that SP modulated the composition of fecal microbiota,including selectively increasing Lactobacillus relative abundance.Notably,SP treatment enriched the production of Lactobacillus-derived lactic acid,which was sensed by its specific G-protein-coupled receptor 81(Gpr81)/Wnt3/β-catenin signaling,and promoted the regeneration of intestinal stem cells.Fecal microbiome transplantation demonstrated that intestinal flora partially contributed to the beneficial effects of SP on preventing against colitis.In conclusion,SP exhibited the protective effects against colitis,which could be partly associated with modulating the composition of gut microbiota and enrichment of lactic acid.This study suggests that SP has potential to be developed as nutritional intervention to prevent colitis.展开更多
A novel and reactive oxygen species(ROS)responsive astaxanthin phenylboronic acid derivative(AstaDPBA)was constructed by grafting phenylboronic acid(PBA)onto astaxanthin succinate diester(AstaD),and its chemical struc...A novel and reactive oxygen species(ROS)responsive astaxanthin phenylboronic acid derivative(AstaDPBA)was constructed by grafting phenylboronic acid(PBA)onto astaxanthin succinate diester(AstaD),and its chemical structure and physicochemical property were identified.AstaD-PBA could effectively improve the ROS quenching ability in the lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cell inflammation model.Then,the bioactivity of AstaD-PBA was studied by 4 zebrafish ROS-responsive infl ammatory models induced by LPS,copper(Cu^(2+)),high-fat diet,and dextran sodium sulfate(DSS).The results suggest that AstaD-PBA might have high biosafety and the best effect on ulcerative colitis(UC)induced by DSS.Furtherly,AstaDPBA significantly alleviated and treated weight loss and colonic shrinkage,inhibited infl ammatory cytokines,and maintained microbiota homeostasis to improve UC in C57BL/6J mice.Alistipes and Oscillibacter were expected to be considered UC marker fl ora according to the Metastats analysis and Pearson correlation Mantel test(P<0.01)of 16S rRNA gene sequencing data.In conclusion,AstaD-PBA has been promised to be a functional compound to improve UC and maintain intestinal microbiota homeostasis.展开更多
Lactobacillus rhamnosus(Rh)and Lactobacillus reuteri(Re)are well-known probiotic species in inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)research.The variations between these species’efficacy against colitis,and their model of act...Lactobacillus rhamnosus(Rh)and Lactobacillus reuteri(Re)are well-known probiotic species in inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)research.The variations between these species’efficacy against colitis,and their model of action in this regard,are intriguing and enable treatment to be individually tailored to patients.In this study,four strains each of Rh and Re were isolated from fecal samples and their draft genomes were sequenced.The anti-colitis activities of both strains involved various aspects of intestinal immune,physical,chemical,and biological barrier function.Strikingly,the tested strains exhibited considerable interspecies and intraspecies specificity in colitis amelioration.Rh strains significantly outperformed Re strains in terms of short-chain fatty acid synthesis.Nevertheless,Re strains were more effective than Rh strains in inhibiting production of inflammatory factors;promoting production of intestinal mucus,antimicrobial peptides,and tight junction proteins;and supporting the stem cell compartment.This accounts for the anti-colitis outcomes of Re strains being superior to those of Rh strains.In addition,the effective Rh and Re strains were found to express high concentrations of specific carbohydrate metabolism-and prophage-related genes,respectively.Taken together,the results of this study could assist researchers in developing effective therapies for IBD.展开更多
基金Supported by Young Scientists Fund of National Natural Science Foundation of China(81101707)Zhejiang Traditional Chinese Medicine Foundation Project(2014ZB119)Science and Technology Bureau of Jiaxing(2012AY1071-2)
文摘NEOPLASMS derive from small intestine are rareand most cases are adenocarcinomas andcarcinoid.1 Squamous cell carcinoma of smallintestine is even rarer and only few casesreported in literature.1 In this article, we report a case of a68-year-old male who underwent a laparotomy due toperforation of the small intestine and was diagnosed withsquamous cell carcinoma of the small intestine.
基金supported by National Key Basic Research Development Program 973 of China(No.2004CB117501)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.30671519)Guangdong Province Scientific Technology Research Project(No.2005B20201016)
文摘480 healthy 1-day-old male yellow-feathered chickens were selected and assigned randomly into groups A and B,each having 6 pens with 40 birds per pen.The birds in group A were fed with wheatbased diet and group B with wheat-based diet supplemented with xylanase(1.2×l0~4 U/kg diet).On day 16,two birds per replication with average live weight were selected and sacrificed.Tissue samples of jejunum and ileum were collected to detect mRNA expression of cationic amino acid transporters using RT-PCR.The results showed that xylanase significantly increased the abundance of mRNA for rBAT and CAT4 in the intestines of broilers fed with wheat-based diets(P<0.05)and had a tendency to increase the mRNA expression of y^+LAT2 and CAT1 in jejunum(P>0.05),y^+LAT2,CAT1 and CAT4 in ileum(P>0.05).The treatment had no effect on the expression of rBAT mRNA in ileum(P>0.05).
文摘Objective The purpose of the study is to investigate the effects of Charred Fructus Crataegi Alcohol Extract on contractililty of isolated rat gastric and intesting smooth muscle strips.Methods Isolated rat intestine was selected in the assay to test the effects of Charred Fructus Crataegi Alcohol Extract on contractilty of isolated rat gastric and intestine smooth muscle strips using Krebs' solution,to observe the effects of in the presence of acetylcholine or atropine.Results Charred Fructus Crataegi Alcohol Extract in the range of 2-8 mg crude drugs/mL could significantly reduce the contractility of rat gastric and intestine smooth muscle strips in a dose-dependent manner,and Charred Fructus Crataegi Alcohol Extract 8 mg·mL-1(crude drugs)could inhibit the stimulation induced by acetylcholine.Charred Fructus Crataegi Alcohol Extract 8 mg·mL-1(crude drugs)was found to have a inhibiton of the relaxtion concurrently used with atropin.Conclusions The results suggest that Charred Fructus Crataegi Alcohol Extract has prominent inhibitory effects on the contractile activity of isolated rat gastric and intestine smooth muscle strips.
文摘in order to understand the dynamic change of nitric oxide (NO) and its pathological significance during intestinal radiation sickness, we gave mice 60Co γ-ray irradiation and sacrificed them after different periods of survival.The dynamic distribution of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in the small intestines (duodenum, jejunum and ileum) was studied by using NADPH-diaphorase histochemistry. The results showed that in the animal groups that survived 48 h and 72 h after irradiation (the 48 h and 72 h groups), the number of NOS-positive neuronal bodies and the density of NOS-positive fibers increased obviously in the myenteric plexus and deep muscular plexus as compared with the control group. The neuronal bodies and fibers were stained intensely. The NOS-positive reaction product in the glandular cavities of the intestines and on the mucosa also increased. The results suggest that the activation of NOS or increase of NO production might be one of the main causes of intestinal and vascular dilatation during intestinal radiation sickness.
文摘In the present study,the localization of nitric oxide synthase(NOS) in the mouse intestines(duodenum,jejunum,ileum and proximal segment of large intestine) was observed using NADPH-diaphorase(ND) histochemical technique.The results showed that the NOS-pos
文摘Objective The pathological significance of nitric oxide (NO) in the intestinal type radiation sickness. Methods: The intestinal type radiation sickness of BALB/c mice were induced byCo γ-radiation, andthe nitric oxide synthase (NOS), mucosa structure and survival rate of intestinal gland were examined by using NADPH-diaphorase histochemistry, H-E staining, Feulgen’s reaction and intestinal gland counting techniques. Results: Compared with irradiated mice without (L--NAME ) treatment, the dilatation of intestinalcavity and blood vessels of mice treated with L-NAME were lessened, the survival rates of intestinal glandwere remarkably increased (P < 0. 01), the mucosal structure was obviously improved, and the amount ofNOS--positive structures or products were also reduced. Conclusion: Activation of NOS or increase of NOsynthesis might aggravate the acute pathological injuries of intestines of the irradiated mice, whereas administration of L-NAME has protective effect on the intestinal mucosa to certain extent.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFF1100402)National Center of Technology Innovation for Dairy(2022-Open subject-11)+1 种基金Young Elite Scientist Sponsorship Program by CAST(YESS20200271)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32101919)。
文摘2'-Fucosyllactose(2'-FL)shows the potential to support intestinal health as a natural prebiotic that bridges the gap between infant formula feeding and breastfeeding.However,the effect and mechanism of 2'-FL in improving intestinal permeability are not clear.In this study,we constructed human microbiota-associated(HMA)mouse models by colonizing healthy infant feces in mice with antibiotic-depleted intestinal microbiota.The protective effect of 2'-FL on the intestinal permeability was explored using the HMA mouse models,and the combination of metagenomics was used to analyze the possible mechanisms by which the microorganisms reduced the intestinal permeability.The results showed that 2'-FL decreased the concentration of markers of intestinal permeability(enterotoxin and diamine oxidase(DAO))and increased the expression levels of tight junctions(occludin and claudin).Metagenomics revealed the enrichment of Bifidobacterium and increased the expression of glycoside hydrolases(GHs),including GH31,GH28,and GH5.In conclusion,2'-FL strengthened intestinal permeability function by improving microbiota composition to control the translocation of harmful substance.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32021005,32272332)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(JUSRP622020,JUSRP51501)+1 种基金the Program of Collaborative Innovation Centre of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu ProvincePostgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(KYCX22_2391)。
文摘Bifidobacterium longum subsp.infantis and Bifidobacterium adolescentis play important roles in the guts of infants and adolescents,respectively.In this study,using a neonatal rat model,we compared the protective effects of these 2 bifidobacterial species against Salmonella infection.The results demonstrated that B.longum subsp.infantis was more effective than B.adolescentis in alleviating the severity of infection in newborn rats exposed to Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium strain SL1344.B.longum subsp.infantis attenuated intestinal inflammation and mucosal damage induced by Salmonella infection,as well as protecting intestinal nerves and intestinal barrier function through TLR4/My D88 signalling.B.longum subsp.infantis also displayed the potential to modulate gut metabolites by promoting the biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids(arachidonic acid,eicosapentaenoic acid andα-linolenic acid)and purine metabolism(guanine,adenine,inosine and adenosine),thereby regulating metabolic disturbances.Additionally,the benefits of B.longum subsp.infantis were also observed in the liver,spleen and brain,improving nerve reflexes and suppressing hepatosplenomegaly.Overall,these findings provide novel insights into the prevention and treatment of gutrelated diseases in newborns,highlighting the potentially significant role of B.longum subsp.infantis in clinical applications.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32030083)。
文摘Heat processing of food has been well validated as the trigger to generate heat-processing side product of advanced lipoxidation end products(ALEs),which potentially engenders the threat on systemic health or progression of diseases,especially the accumulated effect after long-term intake.Thus,the study was proposed to evaluate the effect of dietary ALEs on health after long-term ingestion,specifically through simulating the intake of dietary ALE in mice within 9 months to investigate the intervention effect and underlying mechanism.The unexpected observation of renal insufficiency or impairment after long-term intake of dietary ALEs indicated the negative impact on renal health,which has been verified by the pathological analysis.Further studies revealed that a high-ALEs diet disrupted the intestinal barrier,with enhanced impact after disturbing the gut microbiota to potentially lower the abundance of beneficial microbiome through producing nephrotoxic metabolites.Correlation analysis showed that the proliferation of harmful bacteria and the reduction of beneficial bacteria were strongly correlated with intestinal barrier damage and the development of renal insufficiency.Furthermore,the underlying mechanism was unveiled as that ALEs could inhibit AMPK/SIRT1 signaling to fundamentally induce renal inflammation and oxidative stress.Thus,it was revealed that long-term intake of dietary ALE could result in renal impairment,and the results emphasized the control or intervention on dietary ALE to decrease to accumulated impairment on systemic health.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(81973022 and 81730090)。
文摘Anthocyanin,as a typical food bioactive molecule,is capable of reversing inflammatory,oxidative and allergic condition thus contributes to intestinal health.We were wondering whether anthocyanin has influence on the infiltration of inflammatory cells into the intestinal mucosa and thus help enhancing intestinal barrier which could be damaged in some metabolic diseases.In this study,the influence of anthocyanin(administered orally)on the alterations(including structure and permeability)of the intestinal mucosa in mice in response to a high fat-high cholesterol(HFHC)diet was investigated.Primary T helper 17(Th17)cells were isolated from mouse intestine tissues to observe the modulatory role of anthocyanin through the transcription phosphorylated STAT 3(p-STAT3).The results indicated that anthocyanin significantly alleviated HFHC-induced impairment in the intestinal structures and permeability in a dose-dependent manner;moreover,anthocyanin appeared to inhibit HFHC induced the expression of p-STAT3,thereby disturbing Th17 cell differentiation.In high-fat diet(HFD,cholesterol level non-modified)-challenged mice selective p-STAT3 inhibitor significantly reversed the effects of anthocyanin,which were decreased amount of interleukin(IL)-17A(produced and released from Th17 cells)and the protected intestinal structure/function.In summary,the results of this study suggest that anthocyanin may attenuate the damage of intestinal barrier in HFHC mice through regulating intestinal STAT3-Th17-IL-17A signal transduction pathway.
基金funded by the National Key R&D Program of China(2021YFD2100700)National Natural Science Foundation of China(32021005)+1 种基金111 project(BP0719028)Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province。
文摘Bifidobacterium longum subsp.infantis is a commensal bacterium that predominates in the infant gut,playing a critical role in both preventing foreign infections and facilitating immune development.This study aimed to explore the effects of B.longum subsp.infantis supplementation on interferon-beta(IFN-β)secretion and intestinal barrier improvement in growing mice.Female and male mice were orally administered either saline or B.longum subsp.infantis CCFM1269 or I5TI(1×10^(9) CFU/mice per day,n=8)from 1-week-age until 3-,4-,and 5-week-age.RNA sequencing analysis revealed that CCFM1269 exhibited potential antiviral capacity through increasing 2'-5'oligoadenylate synthetase(OAS).Additionally,CCFM1269 supplementation significantly increased colonic IFN-β levels which combined with OAS in 3-week-old female and male mice by activating the TLR4-TRIF-dependent signaling pathway.However,this effect was not observed in 4-and 5-week-old mice.Furthermore,both CCFM1269 were found to modulate the gut microbiota composition and enhance the intestinal barrier function in 3-,4-,and 5-week-old mice.In summary,the results of this study suggested that B.longum subsp.infantis CCFM1269 promoting intestinal barrier and releasing IFN-β in growing mice was in a strain-specific and time-dependent manner.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(31972086,32172173,32072197)Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province。
文摘Blautia has attracted attention because of its potential efficacy in ameliorating host energy metabolism and inflammation.This study aims to investigate the influences of Blautia producta D4 on colitis induced by dextran sulfate sodium(DSS)and to reveal the underlying mechanisms.Results showed that B.producta D4 intervention significantly relieved body weight loss,and suppressed the elevation of pro-inflammatory cytokines(including interleukin-6(IL-6),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),and interleukin-1β(IL-1β))and excessive oxidative stress(myeloperoxidease(MPO)activity,superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity,glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)activity,and malondialdehyde(MDA)level)in colitis mice.Moreover,the concentrations of tight junction proteins(occludin,claudin-1,and ZO-1)related to the intestinal barrier were obviously elevated,and colitis-related TLR4/NF-κB pathway activation was remarkably inhibited after B.producta D4 intervention.The intestinal microbial disorder was evidently ameliorated by increasing the relative abundance of Clostridium sensu stricto 1,Bifidobacterium,GCA-900066225,Enterorhabdus,and reducing the relative abundance of Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 group.In conclusion,oral administration of B.producta D4 could ameliorate DSS-induced colitis by suppressing inflammatory responses,maintaining the intestinal barrier,inhibiting TLR4/NF-κB pathway,and regulating intestinal microbiota balance.These results are conducive to accelerate the development of B.producta D4 as a functional probiotic for colitis.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province (LH2021C075)Key Laboratory of Functional Inorganic Material Chemistry (Heilongjiang University),Ministry of Education。
文摘The purpose of this study was to characterize mulberry leaf instant tea(MLIT)powder prepared from the'Longsang No.1'(Morus abla L.cv.Longsang 1)mulberry leaves in Heilongjiang Province(China)and assess its obesity-preventing/relieving effects.A total of 174 compounds including quercetin,chlorogenic acid,1-deoxyecomycin(1-DNJ)related to antihyperlipidemia effects were identified from the MLIT powder.MLIT treatment reversed the Lee's index,fat coefficient,and serum biochemical parameters in both the obesity relieving and obesity preventing mice fed with high-fat diet.In the obesity relieving experiment,the relative abundance of Desulfovibrio in mouse feces decreased after both 0.5%and 1%MLIT treatments.In obesity preventing experiments,mouse with different amount of MLIT treatments showed increased relative abundance of Akkermansia,Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus,while Deferribacteres,Desulfobacterota decreased.The beneficial bacteria in the intestinal tract of mice treated with MLIT increased.This study proved that MLIT had antihyperlipidemia potential via modulating intestinal microbiota in mice.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32072646,31772373,and 32001832).
文摘Ergothioneine is a natural amino acid with powerful antioxidant activity.Previous studies have demonstrated that ergothioneine can increase the lifespan of Drosophila melanogaster and Caenorhabditis elegans,and enhance telomerase activity.In present study,the metagenomics sequencing and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis were employed to characterize the composition and diversity of gut microbiome in aging flies.And the alterations in the gut barrier,gut morphology,and other gut physiological indicators of aging flies were evaluated.Here,the results showed that ergothioneine induced little variations in gut microbiota composition in flies at mid-life,and significant alterations in the gut microbiota populations were only observed in flies at late-life.And ergothioneine attenuated age-related gut injuries,including decreasing reactive oxygen species levels in intestinal enterocytes,reduction of intestinal cells death,and preservation of gut integrity in aging flies.Ergothioneine also improved the gut morphology by preserving the structure and shape of cell organelles and inducing the intestinal autophagy.And activation of intestinal autophagy also contributed to the longevity effect mediated by ergothioneine in an unidentified mechanism.
文摘Objective:To investigate the influence of xylooligosaccharides on skin inflammation,behavioral characteristics,neurotransmitters,and gut flora in a mouse model of atopic dermatitis(AD)induced by 2,4-dinitrofluorobenzene(DNFB).Methods:The AD mouse model was created by administration of DNFB for 14 consecutive days.The scoring atopic dermatitis index,enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),histopathology,and immunohistochemical analyses were used to assess inflammation and depression-like behaviors.Furthermore,high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing was used to determine the composition of fecal microbiota.Results:Xylooligosaccharides treatment reduced the number of scratches and skin thickness,mast cell infiltration and the levels of immunoglobulin(Ig)E and T-helper cytokines compared with the AD model group.Meanwhile,xylooligosaccharides treatment reduced the immobility time of mice in the forced swimming test and increased the total movement distance and movement distance in the center area in the open-field test.Furthermore,5-hydroxytryptamine and dopamine expression in the brain was increased following xylooligosaccharides treatment.Using network pharmacology,Gene Ontology analysis showed that the targets were mainly enriched in phosphatase binding and the regulation of leukocyte differentiation,which ameliorated AD mainly through the hypoxia inducible factor-1 and phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase-protein kinase B pathways.16S rRNA gene sequencing,diversity indices,and gut microbial taxonomic composition analysis showed DNFB-induced changes in intestinal microbiota diversity in AD mice.Comparative analysis indicated that xylooligosaccharides intake improved the gut microbiome by dramatically enhancing the concentration of Lactobacillus while decreasing the concentration of Bacteroides in mice.Conclusion:Xylooligosaccharides reduce inflammatory dermatosis and related depression-like behaviors via regulating intestinal homeostasis,having medicinal value as a nutritional and functional ingredient.
基金supported by the project of two children’s dairy products (201704810610483)。
文摘Diarrhea has become the leading cause of illness and death among infants and young children in developing countries.Clinically,patients with diarrhea showed damaged intestinal epithelial villi,usually accompanied by lactase deficiency.In this study,we evaluated the therapeutic effects of lactose-free milk powder on rats and children with diarrhea.Antibiotic-associated diarrhea(AAD)model was established by gavage with antibiotic mixture in SD rats,followed by administration of milk powder containing lactose or not.The results showed that lactose-free milk powder ameliorated A AD-related diarrhea symptoms,and accelerated the recovery from diarrhea.And 16S sequencing results indicated lactose-free milk powder contributed to increase theα-andβ-diversity of intestinal flora,and restore the intestinal microbiota disorder.In conclusion,our data demonstrate that lactose-free milk powder could alleviate diarrhea by restoring gut microbiota and intestinal barrier function.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31871829,31820103010,and 32021005)the Collaborative Innovation Centre of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province(Jiangsu,China).
文摘Streptococcus thermophilus is one of the most prevalent species in stool samples of westernized populations due to continuous exposure to fermented dairy products.However,few studies have explored the effect on host physiology by multiple S.thermophilus strains and considered the inter-strain differences in regulating host.In the present study,we investigated how four S.thermophilus strains influenced the gut microbiota,mucin changes,and host metabolism after 28 days of intervention in conventional mice.The results indicated that the consumption of S.thermophilus affected the host with strain specificity.Among four S.thermophilus strains,DYNDL13-4 and DQHXNQ38M61,especially DQHXNQ38M61,had more effect on host physiology by modulating gut microbiota and host metabolism than LMD9 and 4M6.Ingestion of strains DYNDL13-4 and DQHXNQ38M61 resulted in more remarkable changes in amino acid metabolism and lipid metabolism than that of strains LMD9 and 4M6,which may be related to the elevation of intestinal Bifidobacterium by DYNDL13-4 and DQHXNQ38M61.The enriched Coriobacteriaceae UCG-002,Rikenellaceae RC9 gut group,and Lactobacillus only in the DQHXNQ38M61 group,had a close relationship with the prominent effect of DQHXNQ38M61 on regulating amino acid and lipid metabolism.In addition,DQHXNQ38M61 had a strong influence on degrading colonic mucin fucose by decreasedα-fucosidase activity in feces,and improving mucin sulfation by upregulated Gal3ST2 expression.Comparative genomic analysis revealed that the four S.thermophilus strains belonged to different branches in the phylogenetic tree,and DYNDL13-4 and DQHXNQ38M61 had more genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism,amino acid metabolism,membrane transport,and signal transduction,which may confer the capacity of nutrient utilization and gastrointestinal adaptation of the strains and be associated with their strong regulation in host.Our study provides valuable information for understanding the regulation of host metabolism after consuming different S.thermophilus strains and could facilitate potential personalized applications of S.thermophilus based on strain varieties.
基金funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC32372350)the Knowledge Innovation Program Funding of Institute of Food Science and Technology(CAASASTIP2021-IFST)+1 种基金China Agriculture Research System(CARS-04)Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program of Institute of Food Science and Technology,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS-ASTIP-G2022-IFST-06).
文摘Soy polysaccharide(SP)has been reported to possess the properties of modulating gut microbiome diversity.Here,we aimed to explore the protective effects of SP against dextran sulphate sodium(DSS)-induced colitis.Pre-treatment with SP at a dosage of 400 mg/kg·day alleviated colitis symptoms,preventing the weight loss and colon shorten.SP suppressed DSS-induced inflammatory response and enhanced M1 to M2 macrophage polarization.Further investigation showed that SP significantly promoted the regeneration of crypt and the expansion of goblet cell production.In addition,bacterial 16S rRNA sequencing analysis showed that SP modulated the composition of fecal microbiota,including selectively increasing Lactobacillus relative abundance.Notably,SP treatment enriched the production of Lactobacillus-derived lactic acid,which was sensed by its specific G-protein-coupled receptor 81(Gpr81)/Wnt3/β-catenin signaling,and promoted the regeneration of intestinal stem cells.Fecal microbiome transplantation demonstrated that intestinal flora partially contributed to the beneficial effects of SP on preventing against colitis.In conclusion,SP exhibited the protective effects against colitis,which could be partly associated with modulating the composition of gut microbiota and enrichment of lactic acid.This study suggests that SP has potential to be developed as nutritional intervention to prevent colitis.
基金provided by the National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFC0311206)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China(202012018).
文摘A novel and reactive oxygen species(ROS)responsive astaxanthin phenylboronic acid derivative(AstaDPBA)was constructed by grafting phenylboronic acid(PBA)onto astaxanthin succinate diester(AstaD),and its chemical structure and physicochemical property were identified.AstaD-PBA could effectively improve the ROS quenching ability in the lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced RAW264.7 cell inflammation model.Then,the bioactivity of AstaD-PBA was studied by 4 zebrafish ROS-responsive infl ammatory models induced by LPS,copper(Cu^(2+)),high-fat diet,and dextran sodium sulfate(DSS).The results suggest that AstaD-PBA might have high biosafety and the best effect on ulcerative colitis(UC)induced by DSS.Furtherly,AstaDPBA significantly alleviated and treated weight loss and colonic shrinkage,inhibited infl ammatory cytokines,and maintained microbiota homeostasis to improve UC in C57BL/6J mice.Alistipes and Oscillibacter were expected to be considered UC marker fl ora according to the Metastats analysis and Pearson correlation Mantel test(P<0.01)of 16S rRNA gene sequencing data.In conclusion,AstaD-PBA has been promised to be a functional compound to improve UC and maintain intestinal microbiota homeostasis.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32021005,31820103010)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(JUSRP22006,JUSRP51501)the Program of Collaborative Innovation Centre of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province,Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(KYCX22_2391).
文摘Lactobacillus rhamnosus(Rh)and Lactobacillus reuteri(Re)are well-known probiotic species in inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)research.The variations between these species’efficacy against colitis,and their model of action in this regard,are intriguing and enable treatment to be individually tailored to patients.In this study,four strains each of Rh and Re were isolated from fecal samples and their draft genomes were sequenced.The anti-colitis activities of both strains involved various aspects of intestinal immune,physical,chemical,and biological barrier function.Strikingly,the tested strains exhibited considerable interspecies and intraspecies specificity in colitis amelioration.Rh strains significantly outperformed Re strains in terms of short-chain fatty acid synthesis.Nevertheless,Re strains were more effective than Rh strains in inhibiting production of inflammatory factors;promoting production of intestinal mucus,antimicrobial peptides,and tight junction proteins;and supporting the stem cell compartment.This accounts for the anti-colitis outcomes of Re strains being superior to those of Rh strains.In addition,the effective Rh and Re strains were found to express high concentrations of specific carbohydrate metabolism-and prophage-related genes,respectively.Taken together,the results of this study could assist researchers in developing effective therapies for IBD.
