From the viewpoints of both fuzzy system and fuzzy reasoning, a new fuzzy reasoning method which contains the α- triple I restriction method as its particular case is proposed. The previous α-triple I restriction pr...From the viewpoints of both fuzzy system and fuzzy reasoning, a new fuzzy reasoning method which contains the α- triple I restriction method as its particular case is proposed. The previous α-triple I restriction principles are improved, and then the optimal restriction solutions of this new method are achieved, especially for seven familiar implications. As its special case, the corresponding results of α-triple I restriction method are obtained and improved. Lastly, it is found by examples that this new method is more reasonable than the α-triple I restriction method.展开更多
建立一种基于美国官方分析化学师协会(Association of Official Analytical Chemists,AOAC)方法检测黑果枸杞及其制品中花青素含量的改进pH示差法。考察了黑果枸杞及其制品中花青素的最佳提取和检测条件,通过液相色谱-三重四级杆串联质...建立一种基于美国官方分析化学师协会(Association of Official Analytical Chemists,AOAC)方法检测黑果枸杞及其制品中花青素含量的改进pH示差法。考察了黑果枸杞及其制品中花青素的最佳提取和检测条件,通过液相色谱-三重四级杆串联质谱法鉴别出黑果枸杞中花青素的具体化学结构,并计算出混合花青素的平均摩尔质量。通过分光光度法测得混合花青素的平均摩尔消光系数,对改进后的pH示差法进行方法学验证和花青素的含量测定。结果显示,最佳提取和检测条件如下:黑果枸杞花青素提取溶剂为盐酸-80%(体积分数)乙醇(3∶97,体积比),料液比为1∶100(g∶mL),提取温度为50℃,提取时间为30 min,缓冲溶液稀释5倍后静置平衡20 min。液相色谱-三重四级杆串联质谱法鉴别黑果枸杞中主要以矮牵牛素类花青素为主(占97.96%),黑果枸杞特有的混合花青素平均摩尔质量为912.7 g/mol,平均摩尔消光系数为29591 L/(mol·cm)。pH示差法改进后能够满足方法学验证要求,固体样品和液体样品最低检出限分别为28.2 mg/100 g、0.282 mg/100 mL。方法改进后花青素提取增长率均大于20%,静置平衡20 min后单次检测结果精密度小于0.3%。以矮牵牛素类花青素代替矢车菊素-3-O-葡萄糖苷计算花青素含量平均提高了2.41倍,能真实地反映黑果枸杞及其制品中花青素的含量。展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (61105076 61070124)+2 种基金the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 Program) (2012AA011103)the Open Project of State Key Laboratory of Virtual Reality Technology and Systems of China (BUAA-VR-10KF-5)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2011HGZY0004)
文摘From the viewpoints of both fuzzy system and fuzzy reasoning, a new fuzzy reasoning method which contains the α- triple I restriction method as its particular case is proposed. The previous α-triple I restriction principles are improved, and then the optimal restriction solutions of this new method are achieved, especially for seven familiar implications. As its special case, the corresponding results of α-triple I restriction method are obtained and improved. Lastly, it is found by examples that this new method is more reasonable than the α-triple I restriction method.
文摘利用超高效液相色谱-三重四极杆串联质谱联用法(ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry, UPLC-QQQ-MS)比较2种寄主肉苁蓉经过不同干燥处理后的10种苯乙醇苷类成分含量。将肉苁蓉干燥品粉碎,粉末过60目筛,用50%(体积分数)甲醇溶解后超声提取,用Agilent Eclipse Plus C18柱(2.1 mm×150 mm, 1.8μm)分离,以A相(0.1%甲酸水溶液)-B(乙腈)相作为流动相进行梯度洗脱,利用电喷雾离子源,在UPLC-QQQ-MS的动态多反应模式下检测。结果表明,不同干燥处理的寄主肉苁蓉苯乙醇苷类成分含量具有明显差异,冷冻干燥处理所得的肉苁蓉中10种苯乙醇苷类含量最高,其次为80℃烘干样品。虽然冷冻干燥对于肉苁蓉所保留10种苯乙醇苷类成分最高,但基于大规模生产考虑,80℃烘干更具有经济效益。
