Using solid waste as a substitute for conventional cement has become an important way to reduce carbon emissions.This paper attempted to utilize steel slag(SS)and fly ash(FA)as supplementary cementitious material by u...Using solid waste as a substitute for conventional cement has become an important way to reduce carbon emissions.This paper attempted to utilize steel slag(SS)and fly ash(FA)as supplementary cementitious material by utilizing CO_(2)mineralization curing technology.This study examined the dominant and interactive influences of the residual water/cement ratio,CO_(2)pressure,curing time,and SS content on the mechanical properties and CO_(2)uptake rate of CO_(2)mineralization curing SS-FA-Portland cement ternary paste specimens.Additionally,microstructural development was analyzed.The findings demonstrated that each factor significantly affected compressive strength and CO_(2)uptake rate,with factor interactions becoming more pronounced at higher SS dosages(>30%),lower residual water/cement ratios(0.1-0.15),and CO_(2)pressures of 0.1-0.3 MPa.Microscopic examinations revealed that mineralization primarily yielded CaCO_(3)and silica gel.The residual w/c ratio and SS content significantly influenced the CaCO_(3)content and crystallinity of the mineralization products.Post-mineralization curing,the percentage of pores larger than 50 nm significantly decreased,the proportion of harmless pores smaller than 20 nm increased,and pore structure improved.This study also found that using CO_(2)mineralization curing SS-FA-Portland cement solid waste concrete can significantly reduce the negative impact on the environment.展开更多
In order to find out the impact of aluminum alloy hub replaced by the magnesium alloy hub on environment,the resource consumption,energy consumption and pollutant emission during hub production and their service life ...In order to find out the impact of aluminum alloy hub replaced by the magnesium alloy hub on environment,the resource consumption,energy consumption and pollutant emission during hub production and their service life of the two types of hubs are investigated based on the life cycle assessment(LCA)theory.The results indicate that the adverse impact on environment can be effectively reduced by the application of magnesium alloy hubs.Compared with aluminum alloy hubs,the global warming potential(GWP)and human toxicity potential(HTP)are reduced by 39.6%and 24.0%,respectively.CO2 is the main pollutant in the life cycles of the two kinds of hubs,which is generated throughout the whole life cycle including the fabrication process and the service life,while the pollutants of particles mainly come from the fabrication stage.Compared with the aluminum alloy hubs,the green effect brought by magnesium alloy hubs is mainly due to the reduction of fuel consumption caused by weight loss.展开更多
Life-cycle assessment (LCA) is environmental evaluation of products, materials, and processes over their life cycle. Truncation uncertainty and corresponding uncertainty are main problems occurred in process life cycl...Life-cycle assessment (LCA) is environmental evaluation of products, materials, and processes over their life cycle. Truncation uncertainty and corresponding uncertainty are main problems occurred in process life cycle assessment (PLCA) modeling and economic input-output life cycle assessment (EIOLCA) modeling. Through combination of these two modelings in different life cycle stage and use of an uncertainty reduction strategy, a hybrid life cycle assessment modeling method was proposed in this study. Case studies were presented on gasoline-powered motorbikes (M-bike) and electricity-powered electric bike (E-bike). Web-based software was developed to analyze process environmental impacts. Results show that the largest part of life cycle energy (LCE) is consumed at use stage. Less energy is consumed in life cycle of E-bike than that of M-bike. GWP (Global Warming Potential), CO (Carbon Monoxide), PM10 (particulate matter) emission of M-bike are higher than that of E-bike, especially at use stage, AP (acidification Potential) emission of E-bike is higher than that of M-bike. Comprehensively, E-bike is energy efficient and less emitting, and better choice for urban private transportation.展开更多
To evaluate the environmental, economic, energy performance of biomass ethanol fuel in China and to support the decision-making of biomass ethanol energy policy, an assessment method of life cycle 3E (economy, environ...To evaluate the environmental, economic, energy performance of biomass ethanol fuel in China and to support the decision-making of biomass ethanol energy policy, an assessment method of life cycle 3E (economy, environment, energy) was applied to the three biomass ethanol fuel cycle alternatives, which includes cassava-based, corn-based and wheat-based ethanol fuel. The assessments provide a comparison of the economical performance, energy efficiency and environmental impacts of the three alternatives. And the development potential of the three alternatives in China was examined. The results are very useful for the Chinese government to make decisions on the biomass ethanol energy policy, and some advises for the decision-making of Chinese government were given.展开更多
Based on the principle of life cycle assessment, CO2 and SO2 emission of Imperial Smelting Process in a certain zinc-lead smelter was analyzed by life cycle inventory method. According to the system expansion and subs...Based on the principle of life cycle assessment, CO2 and SO2 emission of Imperial Smelting Process in a certain zinc-lead smelter was analyzed by life cycle inventory method. According to the system expansion and substitution method, the environmental impacts of co-products were allocated among the main products of zinc, lead and sulfuric acid. The related impacts were assessed by use of Global Warming Potential （GWP） and Acidification Potential （ACP）. The results show that the GWP index from 1998 to 2000 is 11.53, 11.65, 10.93 tCO2-eq/tZn respectively, the ACP index decreases from 14.88 kgSO2-eq/tZn in 1998 to 10.99 kgSO2-eq/tZn in 2000. Power and electricity generation, followed by smelting and zinc distillation, are mainly responsible for GWP. Sintering individually affects ACP. Reduction in greenhouse gas emissions of the ISP may come from energy conservation measures rather than from technological developments. And recycling more secondary Pb and Zn materials effectively treated by ISP, and reducing the amount of primary metal are the main ways to put SO2 emission under control.展开更多
The life cycle index of remanufactured engines was assessed by using the method of life cycle assessment （LCA）. A remanufactured engine of a certain domestic brand was taken as researching object. Engine reproducing...The life cycle index of remanufactured engines was assessed by using the method of life cycle assessment （LCA）. A remanufactured engine of a certain domestic brand was taken as researching object. Engine reproducing engineering was investigated from three aspects which were energy, material and environment. The application of LCA on remanufacturing engines was discussed in detail with a practical case. The results indicate that remanufacturing an engine can save 55kg steels, 8.3kg aluminum and 113kW·h electric powers and reduce emissions of 565kg CO2, 6.09kg CO, 1.01kg NOx, 3.985kg SOx and 288.725kg solid waste. The remanufacturing of engines possesses great economic value and practicability.展开更多
【目的】深度剖析近年来我国油菜碳足迹的时空演变及来源构成变化趋势,并提出油菜种植减排增产的可行方向,为制定油菜种植产业政策和优化种植结构提供参考依据。【方法】基于油菜投入产出数据,采用生命周期评价法测算2004—2022年我国1...【目的】深度剖析近年来我国油菜碳足迹的时空演变及来源构成变化趋势,并提出油菜种植减排增产的可行方向,为制定油菜种植产业政策和优化种植结构提供参考依据。【方法】基于油菜投入产出数据,采用生命周期评价法测算2004—2022年我国15个油菜种植省份的油菜碳足迹,分析油菜碳足迹变化特征,并有针对性提出减排策略。【结果】2004—2022年我国油菜温室气体排放总量、单位面积碳足迹和单位产量碳足迹总体上呈增长趋势,温室气体排放总量年均增长量约0.34×10^(9)kg CO_(2)eq,单位产量碳足迹年均增长量约0.01 kg CO_(2)eq/kg,单位面积碳足迹年均增长量约0.049×10^(3)kg CO_(2)eq/ha;在省份层面,长江中上游及西南、西北种植区的油菜温室气体排放总量呈正增长趋势,以湖南省增长最快,年均增长量为20.668×10^(7)kg CO_(2)eq,而江苏省、安徽省、河南省和浙江省呈下降趋势,对应的年均变化量分别为-9.925×10^(7)、-8.606×10^(7)、-2.869×10^(7)和-2.324×10^(7)kg CO_(2)eq。除重庆市外,我国主要油菜种植区的单位面积碳足迹均随时间的推移而增长,其中增长较快的有湖南省、贵州省和甘肃省,年均增长量分别为98.632、103.165和120.070 kg CO_(2)eq/ha。我国大部分油菜种植区的单位产量碳足迹随时间的推移而增加,仅重庆市、江苏省、云南省、浙江省、江西省和四川省的单位产量碳足迹呈降低趋势。从碳足迹构成来看,化肥生产和化肥施用是我国油菜种植中碳足迹的主要来源,二者的单位面积碳足迹占比合计为70.94%,其次是灌溉和人工产生的碳排放,即控制化肥和灌溉投入量是我国油菜种植减排的主要方向。我国各省油菜种植各环节单位面积碳足迹占比存在一定差异,但总体上与全国油菜单位面积碳足迹构成保持一致。【建议】积极推广油菜化肥减量增效技术,提高化肥利用效率;普及推广油菜节水节能灌溉技术,着力减少灌溉能耗;科学规划油菜产业短长期目标,优化生产区域布局。展开更多
随着国家“双碳”战略日益深化、产品环境足迹/碳足迹逐渐成为国际贸易壁垒,利用生命周期评价(LCA)方法对皮革产品进行环境影响评估已迫在眉睫。使用LCA方法以及自主建立的皮革化学品和中国奶牛皮生命周期清单数据库核算了牛皮沙发革的...随着国家“双碳”战略日益深化、产品环境足迹/碳足迹逐渐成为国际贸易壁垒,利用生命周期评价(LCA)方法对皮革产品进行环境影响评估已迫在眉睫。使用LCA方法以及自主建立的皮革化学品和中国奶牛皮生命周期清单数据库核算了牛皮沙发革的环境足迹(含碳足迹),解析了原料皮、化学品、制革生产能耗、上游运输、废物处理和包装材料等清单数据对环境影响的贡献。牛皮沙发革全球增温潜势(GWP)结果为11.6 kg CO_(2)eq/m^(2)成革,其中原料皮的贡献率高达79.6%,其余清单数据(不含原料皮)的贡献仅为2.37 kg CO_(2)eq/m^(2)成革。一次能源消耗参数结果为73.8 MJ/m^(2)成革,化学品、制革生产能耗和原料皮的贡献率分别为39.4%、30.6%和24.6%。水资源消耗参数结果为907.9 kg/m^(2)成革,原料皮的贡献率为93.2%。生态毒性参数结果为56.3 CTUe/m^(2)成革,与铬鞣剂用量密切相关。由此可见,提高原料皮的资源化利用率是皮革产品实现绿色低碳制造的关键。展开更多
基金Project(52479115)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2024SF-YBXM-615)supported by the Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province,China+1 种基金Project(2022943)supported by the Youth Innovation Team of Shaanxi Universities,ChinaProject(300102283721)supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China。
文摘Using solid waste as a substitute for conventional cement has become an important way to reduce carbon emissions.This paper attempted to utilize steel slag(SS)and fly ash(FA)as supplementary cementitious material by utilizing CO_(2)mineralization curing technology.This study examined the dominant and interactive influences of the residual water/cement ratio,CO_(2)pressure,curing time,and SS content on the mechanical properties and CO_(2)uptake rate of CO_(2)mineralization curing SS-FA-Portland cement ternary paste specimens.Additionally,microstructural development was analyzed.The findings demonstrated that each factor significantly affected compressive strength and CO_(2)uptake rate,with factor interactions becoming more pronounced at higher SS dosages(>30%),lower residual water/cement ratios(0.1-0.15),and CO_(2)pressures of 0.1-0.3 MPa.Microscopic examinations revealed that mineralization primarily yielded CaCO_(3)and silica gel.The residual w/c ratio and SS content significantly influenced the CaCO_(3)content and crystallinity of the mineralization products.Post-mineralization curing,the percentage of pores larger than 50 nm significantly decreased,the proportion of harmless pores smaller than 20 nm increased,and pore structure improved.This study also found that using CO_(2)mineralization curing SS-FA-Portland cement solid waste concrete can significantly reduce the negative impact on the environment.
基金Projects(51605159,51475162)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(16B092)supported by the Hunan Education Department Outstanding Youth Foundation,ChinaProject(2016JJ5042)supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,China
文摘In order to find out the impact of aluminum alloy hub replaced by the magnesium alloy hub on environment,the resource consumption,energy consumption and pollutant emission during hub production and their service life of the two types of hubs are investigated based on the life cycle assessment(LCA)theory.The results indicate that the adverse impact on environment can be effectively reduced by the application of magnesium alloy hubs.Compared with aluminum alloy hubs,the global warming potential(GWP)and human toxicity potential(HTP)are reduced by 39.6%and 24.0%,respectively.CO2 is the main pollutant in the life cycles of the two kinds of hubs,which is generated throughout the whole life cycle including the fabrication process and the service life,while the pollutants of particles mainly come from the fabrication stage.Compared with the aluminum alloy hubs,the green effect brought by magnesium alloy hubs is mainly due to the reduction of fuel consumption caused by weight loss.
文摘Life-cycle assessment (LCA) is environmental evaluation of products, materials, and processes over their life cycle. Truncation uncertainty and corresponding uncertainty are main problems occurred in process life cycle assessment (PLCA) modeling and economic input-output life cycle assessment (EIOLCA) modeling. Through combination of these two modelings in different life cycle stage and use of an uncertainty reduction strategy, a hybrid life cycle assessment modeling method was proposed in this study. Case studies were presented on gasoline-powered motorbikes (M-bike) and electricity-powered electric bike (E-bike). Web-based software was developed to analyze process environmental impacts. Results show that the largest part of life cycle energy (LCE) is consumed at use stage. Less energy is consumed in life cycle of E-bike than that of M-bike. GWP (Global Warming Potential), CO (Carbon Monoxide), PM10 (particulate matter) emission of M-bike are higher than that of E-bike, especially at use stage, AP (acidification Potential) emission of E-bike is higher than that of M-bike. Comprehensively, E-bike is energy efficient and less emitting, and better choice for urban private transportation.
文摘To evaluate the environmental, economic, energy performance of biomass ethanol fuel in China and to support the decision-making of biomass ethanol energy policy, an assessment method of life cycle 3E (economy, environment, energy) was applied to the three biomass ethanol fuel cycle alternatives, which includes cassava-based, corn-based and wheat-based ethanol fuel. The assessments provide a comparison of the economical performance, energy efficiency and environmental impacts of the three alternatives. And the development potential of the three alternatives in China was examined. The results are very useful for the Chinese government to make decisions on the biomass ethanol energy policy, and some advises for the decision-making of Chinese government were given.
文摘Based on the principle of life cycle assessment, CO2 and SO2 emission of Imperial Smelting Process in a certain zinc-lead smelter was analyzed by life cycle inventory method. According to the system expansion and substitution method, the environmental impacts of co-products were allocated among the main products of zinc, lead and sulfuric acid. The related impacts were assessed by use of Global Warming Potential （GWP） and Acidification Potential （ACP）. The results show that the GWP index from 1998 to 2000 is 11.53, 11.65, 10.93 tCO2-eq/tZn respectively, the ACP index decreases from 14.88 kgSO2-eq/tZn in 1998 to 10.99 kgSO2-eq/tZn in 2000. Power and electricity generation, followed by smelting and zinc distillation, are mainly responsible for GWP. Sintering individually affects ACP. Reduction in greenhouse gas emissions of the ISP may come from energy conservation measures rather than from technological developments. And recycling more secondary Pb and Zn materials effectively treated by ISP, and reducing the amount of primary metal are the main ways to put SO2 emission under control.
文摘The life cycle index of remanufactured engines was assessed by using the method of life cycle assessment （LCA）. A remanufactured engine of a certain domestic brand was taken as researching object. Engine reproducing engineering was investigated from three aspects which were energy, material and environment. The application of LCA on remanufacturing engines was discussed in detail with a practical case. The results indicate that remanufacturing an engine can save 55kg steels, 8.3kg aluminum and 113kW·h electric powers and reduce emissions of 565kg CO2, 6.09kg CO, 1.01kg NOx, 3.985kg SOx and 288.725kg solid waste. The remanufacturing of engines possesses great economic value and practicability.
文摘【目的】深度剖析近年来我国油菜碳足迹的时空演变及来源构成变化趋势,并提出油菜种植减排增产的可行方向,为制定油菜种植产业政策和优化种植结构提供参考依据。【方法】基于油菜投入产出数据,采用生命周期评价法测算2004—2022年我国15个油菜种植省份的油菜碳足迹,分析油菜碳足迹变化特征,并有针对性提出减排策略。【结果】2004—2022年我国油菜温室气体排放总量、单位面积碳足迹和单位产量碳足迹总体上呈增长趋势,温室气体排放总量年均增长量约0.34×10^(9)kg CO_(2)eq,单位产量碳足迹年均增长量约0.01 kg CO_(2)eq/kg,单位面积碳足迹年均增长量约0.049×10^(3)kg CO_(2)eq/ha;在省份层面,长江中上游及西南、西北种植区的油菜温室气体排放总量呈正增长趋势,以湖南省增长最快,年均增长量为20.668×10^(7)kg CO_(2)eq,而江苏省、安徽省、河南省和浙江省呈下降趋势,对应的年均变化量分别为-9.925×10^(7)、-8.606×10^(7)、-2.869×10^(7)和-2.324×10^(7)kg CO_(2)eq。除重庆市外,我国主要油菜种植区的单位面积碳足迹均随时间的推移而增长,其中增长较快的有湖南省、贵州省和甘肃省,年均增长量分别为98.632、103.165和120.070 kg CO_(2)eq/ha。我国大部分油菜种植区的单位产量碳足迹随时间的推移而增加,仅重庆市、江苏省、云南省、浙江省、江西省和四川省的单位产量碳足迹呈降低趋势。从碳足迹构成来看,化肥生产和化肥施用是我国油菜种植中碳足迹的主要来源,二者的单位面积碳足迹占比合计为70.94%,其次是灌溉和人工产生的碳排放,即控制化肥和灌溉投入量是我国油菜种植减排的主要方向。我国各省油菜种植各环节单位面积碳足迹占比存在一定差异,但总体上与全国油菜单位面积碳足迹构成保持一致。【建议】积极推广油菜化肥减量增效技术,提高化肥利用效率;普及推广油菜节水节能灌溉技术,着力减少灌溉能耗;科学规划油菜产业短长期目标,优化生产区域布局。
文摘随着国家“双碳”战略日益深化、产品环境足迹/碳足迹逐渐成为国际贸易壁垒,利用生命周期评价(LCA)方法对皮革产品进行环境影响评估已迫在眉睫。使用LCA方法以及自主建立的皮革化学品和中国奶牛皮生命周期清单数据库核算了牛皮沙发革的环境足迹(含碳足迹),解析了原料皮、化学品、制革生产能耗、上游运输、废物处理和包装材料等清单数据对环境影响的贡献。牛皮沙发革全球增温潜势(GWP)结果为11.6 kg CO_(2)eq/m^(2)成革,其中原料皮的贡献率高达79.6%,其余清单数据(不含原料皮)的贡献仅为2.37 kg CO_(2)eq/m^(2)成革。一次能源消耗参数结果为73.8 MJ/m^(2)成革,化学品、制革生产能耗和原料皮的贡献率分别为39.4%、30.6%和24.6%。水资源消耗参数结果为907.9 kg/m^(2)成革,原料皮的贡献率为93.2%。生态毒性参数结果为56.3 CTUe/m^(2)成革,与铬鞣剂用量密切相关。由此可见,提高原料皮的资源化利用率是皮革产品实现绿色低碳制造的关键。
