Ti33O55 films are deposited with the help of an electron beam evaporator for their applications in metasurfaces. The film of subwavelength （632nm） thickness is deposited on a silicon substrate and annealed at 400℃....Ti33O55 films are deposited with the help of an electron beam evaporator for their applications in metasurfaces. The film of subwavelength （632nm） thickness is deposited on a silicon substrate and annealed at 400℃. The ellipsometry result shows a high refractive index above 2.5 with the minimum absorption coefficient in the visible region, which is necessary for high efficiency of transparent metasurfaces. Atomic force microscopy analysis is employed to measure the roughness of the as-deposited films. It is seen from micrographs that the deposited films are very smooth with the minimum roughness to prevent scattering and absorption losses for metasurface devices. The absence of grains and cracks can be seen by scanning electron microscope analysis, which is favorable for electron beam lithography. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy reveals the transmission and reflection obtained from the film deposited on glass substrates. The as-deposited film shows high transmission above 60%, which is in good agreement with metasurfaces.展开更多
Pollution of heavy metals Cu,Pb and Hg is assessed using geo-accumulation index in this paper. The result shows that the bottom sediments of surface water in Xuzhou is polluted by these heavy metals to deferent degree...Pollution of heavy metals Cu,Pb and Hg is assessed using geo-accumulation index in this paper. The result shows that the bottom sediments of surface water in Xuzhou is polluted by these heavy metals to deferent degrees, of which the Jinma River is the most serious, and then the Kuihe River, the abandoned Yellow River, and the Jinghang Canal. The Yunlong Lake has also been polluted by Hg. The three kinds of heavy metals in the order of concentration is Hg>Cu>Pb. The pollution degree and the type of element is closely related with industrial structure in Xuzhou.展开更多
Stoichiometric Ba（MnxTi（1-x）O3） （BMT） thin films with various values of x were deposited on Si（111） substrates by the sol-gel technique. The influence of Mn content on the optical properties was studied by spe...Stoichiometric Ba（MnxTi（1-x）O3） （BMT） thin films with various values of x were deposited on Si（111） substrates by the sol-gel technique. The influence of Mn content on the optical properties was studied by spectroscopic ellipsometry （SE） in the UV–Vis–NIR region. By fitting the measured ellipsometric parameter （Ψ and Δ） with a four-phase model （air/BMT＋voids/BMT/Si（111））, the key optical constants of the thin films have been obtained. It was found that the refractive index n and the extinction coefficient k increase with increasing Mn content due to the increase in the packing density. Furthermore, a strong dependence of the optical band gap Eg on Mn/Ti ratios in the deposited films was observed, and it was inferred that the energy level of conduction bands decreases with increasing Mn content.展开更多
基金Information Technology University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan for financial supportthe financial support by Engineering Research Center Program(NRF-2015R1A5A1037668)+1 种基金global Ph.D. fellowship(NRF-2016H1A2A1906519)the KRF fellowship(NRF-2017H1D3A1A02011379)through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning (MSIP) of Korean government
文摘Ti33O55 films are deposited with the help of an electron beam evaporator for their applications in metasurfaces. The film of subwavelength （632nm） thickness is deposited on a silicon substrate and annealed at 400℃. The ellipsometry result shows a high refractive index above 2.5 with the minimum absorption coefficient in the visible region, which is necessary for high efficiency of transparent metasurfaces. Atomic force microscopy analysis is employed to measure the roughness of the as-deposited films. It is seen from micrographs that the deposited films are very smooth with the minimum roughness to prevent scattering and absorption losses for metasurface devices. The absence of grains and cracks can be seen by scanning electron microscope analysis, which is favorable for electron beam lithography. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy reveals the transmission and reflection obtained from the film deposited on glass substrates. The as-deposited film shows high transmission above 60%, which is in good agreement with metasurfaces.
文摘Pollution of heavy metals Cu,Pb and Hg is assessed using geo-accumulation index in this paper. The result shows that the bottom sediments of surface water in Xuzhou is polluted by these heavy metals to deferent degrees, of which the Jinma River is the most serious, and then the Kuihe River, the abandoned Yellow River, and the Jinghang Canal. The Yunlong Lake has also been polluted by Hg. The three kinds of heavy metals in the order of concentration is Hg>Cu>Pb. The pollution degree and the type of element is closely related with industrial structure in Xuzhou.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.60976016)the Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China(Grant No.2012M511250)the Foundation Co-established by Henan Province and the Ministry of Henan University,China(Grant No.SBGJ090503)
文摘Stoichiometric Ba（MnxTi（1-x）O3） （BMT） thin films with various values of x were deposited on Si（111） substrates by the sol-gel technique. The influence of Mn content on the optical properties was studied by spectroscopic ellipsometry （SE） in the UV–Vis–NIR region. By fitting the measured ellipsometric parameter （Ψ and Δ） with a four-phase model （air/BMT＋voids/BMT/Si（111））, the key optical constants of the thin films have been obtained. It was found that the refractive index n and the extinction coefficient k increase with increasing Mn content due to the increase in the packing density. Furthermore, a strong dependence of the optical band gap Eg on Mn/Ti ratios in the deposited films was observed, and it was inferred that the energy level of conduction bands decreases with increasing Mn content.
