The immune system as an important defense system of the body,bear the resistance to foreign pathogens invasion,removal of foreign heterogeneity,and protect the body′s safety.Modern research shows that tonic Chinese m...The immune system as an important defense system of the body,bear the resistance to foreign pathogens invasion,removal of foreign heterogeneity,and protect the body′s safety.Modern research shows that tonic Chinese medicine,including single herband compound formula,has the function of improving immune organ index,enhancing immune cellfunction and affecting the immune molecule production and secretion.This article will review the effects of traditional Chinese medicine on immune organs,immune cells and immune molecules,and provide reference for the clinical research of traditional Chinese medicine.展开更多
In recent years,miR-124 has emerged as a critical modulator of immunity and inflammation.Here,we summarize studies on the function and mechanism of miR-124 in the immune system and immunity-related diseases.They indic...In recent years,miR-124 has emerged as a critical modulator of immunity and inflammation.Here,we summarize studies on the function and mechanism of miR-124 in the immune system and immunity-related diseases.They indicated that miR-124 exerts a crucial role in the development of immune system,regulation of immune responses,and inflammatory disorders.It is evident that miR-124 may serve as an informative diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target in the future.展开更多
Ischemic stroke therapy has long been dominated by strategies aimed at restoring cerebral blood flow. Yet, accumulating evidence suggests that neuronal survival and functional recovery depend not only on reperfusion, ...Ischemic stroke therapy has long been dominated by strategies aimed at restoring cerebral blood flow. Yet, accumulating evidence suggests that neuronal survival and functional recovery depend not only on reperfusion, but also on the resolution of postischemic immune dysregulation. This study(Chen et al., Prog Biochem Biophys, 2026, 53(3): 697-710. DOI:10.3724/j.pibb.2025.0541) a dvances this emerging paradigm by proposing a therapeutic strategy that integrates lesion-specific delivery with active modulation of the inflammatory microenvironment.展开更多
Objective Sepsis patients exhibit diverse immune states,making it crucial to identify subtypes with distinct inflammatory profiles through Th1/Th2 cytokine data for personalized treatment and improved prognosis.Method...Objective Sepsis patients exhibit diverse immune states,making it crucial to identify subtypes with distinct inflammatory profiles through Th1/Th2 cytokine data for personalized treatment and improved prognosis.Methods We retrieved data from sepsis patients who underwent Th1/Th2 cytokine testing in Nanfang Hospital,Southern Medical University from June 1,2020,to February 1,2022.An unsupervised K-means clustering method classified participants based on Th1/Th2 cytokine levels,with the primary outcome being the 7-day mortality rate post-ICU admission.Cox proportional hazards and Restricted Mean Survival Time(RMST)analyses were utilized to explore survival outcomes.Results A total of 321 sepsis patients were included.IL-6(HR 1.69,95%CI:1.22,2.34)and IL-10(HR 1.81,95%CI:1.37,2.40)emerged as independent predictors of 7-day mortality.Unsupervised K-means clustering revealed 3 inflammatory/immune subgroups:Cluster 1(n=166,low inflammatory response),Cluster 2(n=99,moderate inflammatory response with immune suppression),and Cluster 3(n=56,strong inflammatory and immune suppression).Compared to Cluster 1,Clusters 2 and 3 had higher 7-day mortality risks(14.4%vs 23.2%,HR=4.30,95%CI:1.51-12.26;14.4%vs 35.7%,HR=7.32,95%CI:2.57-20.79).Conclusion Septic patients in a protective immune response state(Cluster 1)exhibit better short-term prognoses,suggesting the importance of understanding inflammatory/immune states for precise treatment and improved outcomes.展开更多
Aiming at the problem on cooperative air-defense of surface warship formation, this paper maps the cooperative airdefense system of systems （SoS） for surface warship formation （CASoSSWF） to the biological immune s...Aiming at the problem on cooperative air-defense of surface warship formation, this paper maps the cooperative airdefense system of systems （SoS） for surface warship formation （CASoSSWF） to the biological immune system （BIS） according to the similarity of the defense mechanism and characteristics between the CASoSSWF and the BIS, and then designs the models of components and the architecture for a monitoring agent, a regulating agent, a killer agent, a pre-warning agent and a communicating agent by making use of the theories and methods of the artificial immune system, the multi-agent system （MAS）, the vaccine and the danger theory （DT）. Moreover a new immune multi-agent model using vaccine based on DT （IMMUVBDT） for the cooperative air-defense SoS is advanced. The immune response and immune mechanism of the CASoSSWF are analyzed. The model has a capability of memory, evolution, commendable dynamic environment adaptability and self-learning, and embodies adequately the cooperative air-defense mechanism for the CASoSSWF. Therefore it shows a novel idea for the CASoSSWF which can provide conception models for a surface warship formation operation simulation system.展开更多
The immune checkpoint blockade has revolutionized cancer treatment.However,not all cancer types are susceptible to this therapy.Even in melanoma,one of the best scenario,about half of the patients do not respond to im...The immune checkpoint blockade has revolutionized cancer treatment.However,not all cancer types are susceptible to this therapy.Even in melanoma,one of the best scenario,about half of the patients do not respond to immune checkpoint blockade.Since CD8+T cell is the main driving force behind cancer elimination,then having a complete and competent T cell repertoire to cover all possible cancer antigens expressed by cancer cells should be a determining factor to the success of this therapy.Conversely,if there are'holes'in patients’T cell repertoire and/or'weak spots'manifested as functional dysregulation or exhaustion on T cells specific to a set of cancer antigens that dominantly expressed by cancer cells,cancer immune escape is inevitable.However,these two types of cancer immune escape might need different treatment strategies:the first group with'holes'in the T cell repertoire,whether the'holes'are taking on a form of missing T cells to cover these cancer antigens or missing high-affinity TCRs that are known to be more sensitive to antigen stimulation,would be benefited from TCR re-directed adoptive cell transfer(ACT)therapy;the other group with T cell repertoire'weak spots'would be benefited from immune checkpoint blockade alone or in combination with additional stimulatory factors such as cytokines and peptide vaccine.In the past decade,we have developed several tools to profile the T cell repertoire from T cell receptor diversity to T cell receptor affinity to high-throughput linking antigen specificity to single T cell receptor sequences in large scale.In this talk,I will first introduce these tools and then give examples on how we use them to answer some of the fundamental questions in systems immunology with a focus on cancer immunology,which in turn help us design new therapeutics immune engineering.展开更多
In order to improve the resource allocation mechanism of artificial immune recognition system(AIRS) and decrease the memory cells,a fuzzy logic resource allocation and memory cell pruning based AIRS(FPAIRS) is propose...In order to improve the resource allocation mechanism of artificial immune recognition system(AIRS) and decrease the memory cells,a fuzzy logic resource allocation and memory cell pruning based AIRS(FPAIRS) is proposed.In FPAIRS,the fuzzy logic is determined by a parameter,thus,the optimal fuzzy logics for different problems can be located through changing the parameter value.At the same time,the memory cells of low fitness scores are pruned to improve the classifier.This classifier was compared with other classifiers on six UCI datasets classification performance.The results show that the accuracies reached by FPAIRS are higher than or comparable to the accuracies of other classifiers,and the memory cells decrease when compared with the memory cells of AIRS.The results show that the algorithm is a high-performance classifier.展开更多
Tear fluid,also referred to as tears or tear film,is an important biological fluid that plays a key role in maintaining ocular surface health and immune homeostasis.Recent studies have found that tear fluid not only p...Tear fluid,also referred to as tears or tear film,is an important biological fluid that plays a key role in maintaining ocular surface health and immune homeostasis.Recent studies have found that tear fluid not only participates in the occurrence and development of ocular diseases,but also exerts profound effects in the immune pathological mechanisms of systemic diseases,breaking through the inherent understanding previously held by the scientific community.Immune cells in tear fluid(such as T cells,neutrophils,natural killer cells,macrophages),cytokines,and immunoglobulins can specifically participate in autoimmune diseases(such as Sjögren’s syndrome,rheumatoid arthritis,systemic lupus erythematosus,multiple sclerosis,Graves’ophthalmopathy)and systemic diseases(such as Alzheimer’s disease,diabetes mellitus,graft-versus-host disease).The dynamic changes in tear fluid components can reflect systemic immune homeostasis imbalance.Tear fluid biomarkers,such as exosomal microRNA(miR)-204,miR-200b-5p,and the protein markerβ2-microglobulin,have shown great potential in early disease screening,diagnostic stratification,and therapeutic target discovery.Tear fluid immune component analysis may provide innovative diagnostic tools and therapeutic targets for systemic diseases.Future research should focus on promoting the standardization and clinical transformation of tear fluid testing technologies and their clinical application.展开更多
Immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)play a significant role in tumor treatment,but the immune-related adverse events(irAEs),which brings about have also attracted much attention.Among them,toxic epidermal necrolysis(TEN...Immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)play a significant role in tumor treatment,but the immune-related adverse events(irAEs),which brings about have also attracted much attention.Among them,toxic epidermal necrolysis(TEN)is one of the most severe skin toxic reactions.This article reports a case of a bladder cancer patient who developed TEN after receiving ICIs treatment.The male patient was diagnosed with bladder cancer in November 2023.On April 29,2024,he was admitted to the Third Hospital of Changsha for antitumor treatment.In May 2024,he developed immune-related myocarditis after treatment with toripalimab.On July 6,2024,the patient switched to envafolimab treatment,and on July 16,he developed rashes and eventually progressed to TEN.After treatment with glucocorticoids and related symptomatic measures,the patient improved.TEN is a rare but serious irAE in ICIs treatment.Suspected patients should be intervened early,and patients who have already developed it should be actively treated,in order to enhance the understanding and management of TEN caused by ICIs treatment.展开更多
Objective:Actin filament-associated protein 1 like 1(AFAP1L1)is an adaptor protein lacking enzymatic and transcriptional activity,but the AFAP1L1 gene functions as an oncogene in colorectal cancer and gastric cancers....Objective:Actin filament-associated protein 1 like 1(AFAP1L1)is an adaptor protein lacking enzymatic and transcriptional activity,but the AFAP1L1 gene functions as an oncogene in colorectal cancer and gastric cancers.This study aims to investigate the role of AFAP1L1 in glioma and to explore changes in AFAP1L1 expression during glioma progression.Methods:Clinical and transcriptomic data of glioma patients were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA),the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas(CGGA),and the Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO)databases to analyze the associations between AFAP1L1 expression and glioma prognosis,somatic mutations,immune cell infiltration,and enriched signaling pathways.Western blotting and real-time polymerase chain reaction(PCR)were used to detect AFAP1L1 messenger RNA(mRNA)and protein expression in glioma patients.Results:Patients with high AFAP1L1 expression had poorer prognosis,and AFAP1L1 was identified as an independent risk factor for glioma.In addition,glioma patients with high AFAP1L1 expression exhibited lower levels of somatic mutations,including amplification of oncogenes such as epidermal growth factor receptor and deletion of tumor suppressor genes such as cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A(CDKN2A).Estimation of STromal and Immune cells in Malignant Tumours using Expression(ESTIMATE)algorithm analysis showed that AFAP1L1 expression was positively correlated with the immune microenvironment.Tumor immune dysfunction and exclusion(TIDE)analysis indicated that glioma patients with high AFAP1L1 expression responded poorly to immunotherapy.Single cell analysis showed that AFAP1L1 expression was mainly concentrated in glioma cells.Enrichment analysis suggested that AFAP1L1 was potentially associated with small guanosine triphosphatases(GTPases),hypoxia-inducible factor-1(HIF-1),focal adhesion,and mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)signaling pathways.Conclusion:AFAP1L1 is a novel biomarker indicating glioma progression and a potential therapeutic target for glioma.展开更多
AIM:Regulatory T cells(Tregs)are a specialized subset of CD4^(+)T cells primarily involved in im⁃munosuppressive functions.AMP-activated protein kinase(AMPK)serves as a metabolic sensor that governs the differen⁃tiati...AIM:Regulatory T cells(Tregs)are a specialized subset of CD4^(+)T cells primarily involved in im⁃munosuppressive functions.AMP-activated protein kinase(AMPK)serves as a metabolic sensor that governs the differen⁃tiation,maturation,and immune functions of Tregs through metabolic reprogramming.However,the impact of AMPKα1(the catalytic subunit of AMPK)knockout specifically in Tregs on the host's immune microenvironment remains largely un⁃explored.METHODS:Histological changes in immune organs were assessed using HE staining.The types of immune cells and their relative population percentages in immune organs and blood were quantified through flow cytometry in both AMPKα1flox/flox(AMPKα1^(fl/fl))mice and Treg-specific AMPKα1 knockout mice(AMPKα1^(fl/fl)Foxp3^(cre)mice).RESULTS:Compared to AMPKα1^(fl/fl)mice,the percentage of eosinophils in the bone marrow of AMPKα1^(fl/fl)Foxp3^(cre)mice was significant⁃ly reduced.Additionally,while the thymus of AMPKα1^(fl/fl)Foxp3^(cre)mice exhibited normal structure,both its size and the ratio of thymus weight to body weight were significantly decreased.The knockout of AMPKα1 in Tregs led to a notable reduction in the total percentage of immature double-negative(DN)cells.Consequently,the percentage of CD4^(+)T cells derived from these DN cells also decreased,even though the percentages of DN1 and DN4 cells were higher in the thymus of AMPKα1^(fl/fl)Foxp3^(cre)mice compared to AMPKα1^(fl/fl)mice.Importantly,the proportion of Siglec-F+CD11b^(+)eosinophils in the thymus was significantly lower in AMPKα1^(fl/fl)Foxp3^(cre)mice.Knockout of AMPKα1 in Tregs resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of CD4^(+)T cells in peripheral blood,alongside a decrease in the proportion of mature CD8^(+)T cells.Similarly,the proportion of CD4^(+)T cells in the spleen of AMPKα1^(fl/fl)Foxp3^(cre)mice was elevated compared to AMPKα1^(fl/fl)mice.In contrast,the proportion of neutrophils significantly decreased,while mononuclear cell proportions increased in the spleen of AMPKα1^(fl/fl)Foxp3^(cre)mice.In lymph nodes,the medullary boundaries in AMPKα1^(fl/fl)Foxp3^(cre)mice were blurred,and the lymphoid follicles were missing,a feature not observed in AMPKα1^(fl/fl)mice.Furthermore,the knockout of AMPKα1 in Tregs reduced the CD3^(+)T cell population,particularly the CD8^(+)T cell population,in lymph nodes.Although the mature Treg cell population was significantly lower in AMPKα1^(fl/fl)Foxp3^(cre)mice,the percentage of CD4^(+)T cells was markedly in⁃creased.In contrast,there was no statistically significant difference in granulocyte populations between AMPKα1^(fl/fl)Foxp3^(cre)and AMPKα1^(fl/fl)mice.CONCLUSION:The populations of mature Tregs,CD8^(+)T cells and eosinophils in various im⁃mune organs were significantly altered in mice with Treg-specific AMPKα1 knockout,suggesting a potential remodeling of the host immune microenvironment in response to inflammatory stimuli.展开更多
Hemorrhagic stroke,the second leading cause of stroke,is a severe medical emergency that often leads to severe disability or death;however,the causal relationship between antibody-mediated immune responses and hemorrh...Hemorrhagic stroke,the second leading cause of stroke,is a severe medical emergency that often leads to severe disability or death;however,the causal relationship between antibody-mediated immune responses and hemorrhagic stroke remains unknown.This study aimed to investigate the potential causal relationship between antibody-mediated immune responses to infectious agents and hemorrhagic stroke using the two-sample Mendelian randomization(MR)method.Comprehensive analyses were conducted using publicly available data from genome-wide association study(GWAS),which involved the whole genomes of 9724 European participants and 46 antibody measurement phenotypes,and summary statistics from the FinnGen dataset R12(including intracerebral hemorrhage and subarachnoid hemorrhage)were used.The causal relationship between the aforementioned immune responses and hemorrhagic stroke was analyzed using inverse-variance weighting,MR-Egger regression,weighted median,weighted mode,simple mode,and MR-pleiotropy residual sum and outlier(MR-PRESSO),while various sensitivity analyses were performed to assess heterogeneity and pleiotropy in the study findings.Results showed that human herpes virus 7(HHV-7)U14 antibody levels(OR:0.877,95%CI:0.797-0.964,P=0.007)exerted a protective effect against hemorrhagic stroke,and Chlamydia trachomatis(CT)tarp-D F2 antibody levels(OR:0.937,95%CI:0.885-0.992,P=0.025)had a potential protective effect;additionally,Epstein-Barr virus(EBV)ZEBRA antibody levels(OR:1.062,95%CI:1.012-1.114,P=0.014),human herpesvirus 6(HHV-6)p101k antibody levels(OR:1.054,95%CI:1.002-1.108,P=0.042),and cytomegalovirus(CMV)pp150 antibody levels(OR:1.086,95%CI:1.002-1.176,P=0.045)were potential risk factors for the disease.No significant pleiotropy or heterogeneity was observed in any of the MR analyses.Collectively,these findings confirmed a significant causal relationship between antibody-mediated immune responses and hemorrhagic stroke,and this study contributed to a deeper understanding of the potential mechanisms underlying hemorrhagic stroke onset.展开更多
An abstraction and an investigation to the worth of dendritic cells (DCs) ability to collect, process and present antigens are presented. Computationally, this ability is shown to provide a feature reduction mechanism...An abstraction and an investigation to the worth of dendritic cells (DCs) ability to collect, process and present antigens are presented. Computationally, this ability is shown to provide a feature reduction mechanism that could be used to reduce the complexity of a search space, a mechanism for development of highly specialized detector sets as well as a selective mechanism used in directing subsets of detectors to be activated when certain danger signals are present. It is shown that DCs, primed by different danger signals, provide a basis for different anomaly detection pathways. Different antigen-peptides are developed based on different danger signals present, and these peptides are presented to different adaptive layer detectors that correspond to the given danger signal. Experiments are then undertaken that compare current approaches, where a full antigen structure and the whole repertoire of detectors are used, with the proposed approach. Experiment results indicate that such an approach is feasible and can help reduce the complexity of the problem by significant levels. It also improves the efficiency of the system, given that only a subset of detectors are involved during the detection process. Having several different sets of detectors increases the robustness of the resulting system. Detectors developed based on peptides are also highly discriminative, which reduces the false positives rates, making the approach feasible for a real time environment.展开更多
An improved clustering method based on artificial immune is proposed. To obtain the better initial solution, the initial antibody network is introduced by self organizing map （SOM） method. In the process of the clus...An improved clustering method based on artificial immune is proposed. To obtain the better initial solution, the initial antibody network is introduced by self organizing map （SOM） method. In the process of the clustering iteration, a series of optimization and evolution strategies are designed, such as clustering satisfaction, the threshold design of scale compression, the learning rate, the clustering monitoring points and the clustering evaluations indexes. These strategies can make the clustering thresholds be quantified and reduce the operator’s subjective factors. Thus, the local optimal and the global optimal clustering simultaneously are proposed by the synthesized function of these strategies. Finally, the experiment and the comparisons demonstrate the proposed method effectiveness.展开更多
An artificial immune system was modelled with self/non-self selection to overcome abnormity in a mobile robot demo. The immune modelling includes the innate immune modelling and the adaptive immune modelling. The self...An artificial immune system was modelled with self/non-self selection to overcome abnormity in a mobile robot demo. The immune modelling includes the innate immune modelling and the adaptive immune modelling. The self/non-self selection includes detection and recognition, and the self/non-self detection is based on the normal model of the demo. After the detection, the non-self recognition is based on learning unknown non-self for the adaptive immunization. The learning was designed on the neural network or on the learning mechanism from examples. The last step is elimination of all the non-self and failover of the demo. The immunization of the mobile robot demo is programmed with Java to test effectiveness of the approach. Some worms infected the mobile robot demo, and caused the abnormity. The results of the immunization simulations show that the immune program can detect 100% worms, recognize all known Worms and most unknown worms, and eliminate the worms. Moreover, the damaged files of the mobile robot demo can all be repaired through the normal model and immunization. Therefore, the immune modelling of the mobile robot demo is effective and programmable in some anti-worms and abnormity detection applications.展开更多
This study investigated the expression characteristics and clinical significance of gamma-aminobutyric acid A(GABAA)receptor subunit gamma1(GABRG1)in glioma by integrating cancer and normal tissue data from multiple d...This study investigated the expression characteristics and clinical significance of gamma-aminobutyric acid A(GABAA)receptor subunit gamma1(GABRG1)in glioma by integrating cancer and normal tissue data from multiple databases and combining them with experimental evidence.The research revealed that GABRG1 exhibited low expression levels in glioma,and its low expression was closely associated with unfavorable clinical outcomes.Furthermore,a prognostic model with strong decision-making ability was constructed using multivariate Cox regression analysis,incorporating age,isocitric dehydrogenase(IDH)mutation status,O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase(MGMT)methylation status,World Health Organization(WHO)grade,and GABRG1 expression.Additionally,GABRG1 might be associated with the expression of tumor-associated macrophages and was significantly linked to immune regulatory processes.This study provided a new target for immunotherapy in glioma and offered a novel indicator for predicting and evaluating the clinical prognosis of patients.展开更多
In order to control the locomotive wheel(axle) load distribution, a shimming process to adjust the locomotive secondary spring loads was heretofore developed. An immune dominance clonal selection multi-objective algor...In order to control the locomotive wheel(axle) load distribution, a shimming process to adjust the locomotive secondary spring loads was heretofore developed. An immune dominance clonal selection multi-objective algorithm based on the artificial immune system was presented to further improve the performance of the optimization algorithm for locomotive secondary spring load adjustment, especially to solve the lack of control on the output shim quantity. The algorithm was designed into a two-level optimization structure according to the preferences of the problem, and the priori knowledge of the problem was used as the immune dominance. Experiments on various types of locomotives show that owing to the novel algorithm, the shim quantity is cut down by 30% 60% and the calculation time is about 90% less while the secondary spring load distribution is controlled on the same level as before. The application of this optimization algorithm can significantly improve the availability and efficiency of the secondary spring adjustment process.展开更多
In order to enhance measuring precision of the real complex electromechanical system,complex industrial system and complex ecological & management system with characteristics of multi-variable,non-liner,strong cou...In order to enhance measuring precision of the real complex electromechanical system,complex industrial system and complex ecological & management system with characteristics of multi-variable,non-liner,strong coupling and large time-delay,in terms of the fuzzy character of this real complex system,a fuzzy least squares support vector machine(FLS-SVM) soft measurement model was established and its parameters were optimized by using adaptive mutative scale chaos immune algorithm.The simulation results reveal that fuzzy least squares support vector machines soft measurement model is of better approximation accuracy and robustness.And application results show that the relative errors of the soft measurement model are less than 3.34%.展开更多
The weapon transportation support scheduling problem on aircraft carrier deck is the key to restricting the sortie rate and combat capability of carrier-based aircraft.This paper studies the problem and presents a nov...The weapon transportation support scheduling problem on aircraft carrier deck is the key to restricting the sortie rate and combat capability of carrier-based aircraft.This paper studies the problem and presents a novel solution architecture.Taking the interference of the carrier-based aircraft deck layout on the weapon transportation route and precedence constraint into consideration,a mixed integer formulation is established to minimize the total objective,which is constituted of makespan,load variance and accumulative transfer time of support unit.Solution approach is developed for the model.Firstly,based on modeling the carrier aircraft parked on deck as convex obstacles,the path library of weapon transportation is constructed through visibility graph and Warshall-Floyd methods.We then propose a bi-population immune algorithm in which a population-based forward/backward scheduling technique,local search schemes and a chaotic catastrophe operator are embedded.Besides,the randomkey solution representation and serial scheduling generation scheme are adopted to conveniently obtain a better solution.The Taguchi method is additionally employed to determine key parameters of the algorithm.Finally,on a set of generated realistic instances,we demonstrate that the proposed algorithm outperforms all compared algorithms designed for similar optimization problems and can significantly improve the efficiency,and that the established model and the bi-population immune algorithm can effectively respond to the weapon support requirements of carrier-based aircraft under different sortie missions.展开更多
Finding out reasonable structures from bulky data is one of the difficulties in modeling of Bayesian network （BN）, which is also necessary in promoting the application of BN. This pa- per proposes an immune algorith...Finding out reasonable structures from bulky data is one of the difficulties in modeling of Bayesian network （BN）, which is also necessary in promoting the application of BN. This pa- per proposes an immune algorithm based method （BN-IA） for the learning of the BN structure with the idea of vaccination. Further- more, the methods on how to extract the effective vaccines from local optimal structure and root nodes are also described in details. Finally, the simulation studies are implemented with the helicopter convertor BN model and the car start BN model. The comparison results show that the proposed vaccines and the BN-IA can learn the BN structure effectively and efficiently.展开更多
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(81473549)National Natural Science Foundation of China Youth Fund Project(31402237)+1 种基金National "major New Drug Creation" Major Science and Technology Projects(2014ZX09304-306-04)Ministry of Education of the Central University Basic Scientific Research Business Fee(XDJK2015D016)
文摘The immune system as an important defense system of the body,bear the resistance to foreign pathogens invasion,removal of foreign heterogeneity,and protect the body′s safety.Modern research shows that tonic Chinese medicine,including single herband compound formula,has the function of improving immune organ index,enhancing immune cellfunction and affecting the immune molecule production and secretion.This article will review the effects of traditional Chinese medicine on immune organs,immune cells and immune molecules,and provide reference for the clinical research of traditional Chinese medicine.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant number 81273606,81473259 to XL,81603116 to YS)National Science and Technology Major Project(grant number 2014ZX09J14103-08C to XL)
文摘In recent years,miR-124 has emerged as a critical modulator of immunity and inflammation.Here,we summarize studies on the function and mechanism of miR-124 in the immune system and immunity-related diseases.They indicated that miR-124 exerts a crucial role in the development of immune system,regulation of immune responses,and inflammatory disorders.It is evident that miR-124 may serve as an informative diagnostic biomarker and therapeutic target in the future.
文摘Ischemic stroke therapy has long been dominated by strategies aimed at restoring cerebral blood flow. Yet, accumulating evidence suggests that neuronal survival and functional recovery depend not only on reperfusion, but also on the resolution of postischemic immune dysregulation. This study(Chen et al., Prog Biochem Biophys, 2026, 53(3): 697-710. DOI:10.3724/j.pibb.2025.0541) a dvances this emerging paradigm by proposing a therapeutic strategy that integrates lesion-specific delivery with active modulation of the inflammatory microenvironment.
文摘Objective Sepsis patients exhibit diverse immune states,making it crucial to identify subtypes with distinct inflammatory profiles through Th1/Th2 cytokine data for personalized treatment and improved prognosis.Methods We retrieved data from sepsis patients who underwent Th1/Th2 cytokine testing in Nanfang Hospital,Southern Medical University from June 1,2020,to February 1,2022.An unsupervised K-means clustering method classified participants based on Th1/Th2 cytokine levels,with the primary outcome being the 7-day mortality rate post-ICU admission.Cox proportional hazards and Restricted Mean Survival Time(RMST)analyses were utilized to explore survival outcomes.Results A total of 321 sepsis patients were included.IL-6(HR 1.69,95%CI:1.22,2.34)and IL-10(HR 1.81,95%CI:1.37,2.40)emerged as independent predictors of 7-day mortality.Unsupervised K-means clustering revealed 3 inflammatory/immune subgroups:Cluster 1(n=166,low inflammatory response),Cluster 2(n=99,moderate inflammatory response with immune suppression),and Cluster 3(n=56,strong inflammatory and immune suppression).Compared to Cluster 1,Clusters 2 and 3 had higher 7-day mortality risks(14.4%vs 23.2%,HR=4.30,95%CI:1.51-12.26;14.4%vs 35.7%,HR=7.32,95%CI:2.57-20.79).Conclusion Septic patients in a protective immune response state(Cluster 1)exhibit better short-term prognoses,suggesting the importance of understanding inflammatory/immune states for precise treatment and improved outcomes.
文摘Aiming at the problem on cooperative air-defense of surface warship formation, this paper maps the cooperative airdefense system of systems （SoS） for surface warship formation （CASoSSWF） to the biological immune system （BIS） according to the similarity of the defense mechanism and characteristics between the CASoSSWF and the BIS, and then designs the models of components and the architecture for a monitoring agent, a regulating agent, a killer agent, a pre-warning agent and a communicating agent by making use of the theories and methods of the artificial immune system, the multi-agent system （MAS）, the vaccine and the danger theory （DT）. Moreover a new immune multi-agent model using vaccine based on DT （IMMUVBDT） for the cooperative air-defense SoS is advanced. The immune response and immune mechanism of the CASoSSWF are analyzed. The model has a capability of memory, evolution, commendable dynamic environment adaptability and self-learning, and embodies adequately the cooperative air-defense mechanism for the CASoSSWF. Therefore it shows a novel idea for the CASoSSWF which can provide conception models for a surface warship formation operation simulation system.
文摘The immune checkpoint blockade has revolutionized cancer treatment.However,not all cancer types are susceptible to this therapy.Even in melanoma,one of the best scenario,about half of the patients do not respond to immune checkpoint blockade.Since CD8+T cell is the main driving force behind cancer elimination,then having a complete and competent T cell repertoire to cover all possible cancer antigens expressed by cancer cells should be a determining factor to the success of this therapy.Conversely,if there are'holes'in patients’T cell repertoire and/or'weak spots'manifested as functional dysregulation or exhaustion on T cells specific to a set of cancer antigens that dominantly expressed by cancer cells,cancer immune escape is inevitable.However,these two types of cancer immune escape might need different treatment strategies:the first group with'holes'in the T cell repertoire,whether the'holes'are taking on a form of missing T cells to cover these cancer antigens or missing high-affinity TCRs that are known to be more sensitive to antigen stimulation,would be benefited from TCR re-directed adoptive cell transfer(ACT)therapy;the other group with T cell repertoire'weak spots'would be benefited from immune checkpoint blockade alone or in combination with additional stimulatory factors such as cytokines and peptide vaccine.In the past decade,we have developed several tools to profile the T cell repertoire from T cell receptor diversity to T cell receptor affinity to high-throughput linking antigen specificity to single T cell receptor sequences in large scale.In this talk,I will first introduce these tools and then give examples on how we use them to answer some of the fundamental questions in systems immunology with a focus on cancer immunology,which in turn help us design new therapeutics immune engineering.
基金Project(61170199)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(11A004)support by the Scientific Research Fund of Education Department of Hunan Province,China
文摘In order to improve the resource allocation mechanism of artificial immune recognition system(AIRS) and decrease the memory cells,a fuzzy logic resource allocation and memory cell pruning based AIRS(FPAIRS) is proposed.In FPAIRS,the fuzzy logic is determined by a parameter,thus,the optimal fuzzy logics for different problems can be located through changing the parameter value.At the same time,the memory cells of low fitness scores are pruned to improve the classifier.This classifier was compared with other classifiers on six UCI datasets classification performance.The results show that the accuracies reached by FPAIRS are higher than or comparable to the accuracies of other classifiers,and the memory cells decrease when compared with the memory cells of AIRS.The results show that the algorithm is a high-performance classifier.
基金supported by the Medical Scientific Research Foundation of Guangdong Province,China(A2023423)。
文摘Tear fluid,also referred to as tears or tear film,is an important biological fluid that plays a key role in maintaining ocular surface health and immune homeostasis.Recent studies have found that tear fluid not only participates in the occurrence and development of ocular diseases,but also exerts profound effects in the immune pathological mechanisms of systemic diseases,breaking through the inherent understanding previously held by the scientific community.Immune cells in tear fluid(such as T cells,neutrophils,natural killer cells,macrophages),cytokines,and immunoglobulins can specifically participate in autoimmune diseases(such as Sjögren’s syndrome,rheumatoid arthritis,systemic lupus erythematosus,multiple sclerosis,Graves’ophthalmopathy)and systemic diseases(such as Alzheimer’s disease,diabetes mellitus,graft-versus-host disease).The dynamic changes in tear fluid components can reflect systemic immune homeostasis imbalance.Tear fluid biomarkers,such as exosomal microRNA(miR)-204,miR-200b-5p,and the protein markerβ2-microglobulin,have shown great potential in early disease screening,diagnostic stratification,and therapeutic target discovery.Tear fluid immune component analysis may provide innovative diagnostic tools and therapeutic targets for systemic diseases.Future research should focus on promoting the standardization and clinical transformation of tear fluid testing technologies and their clinical application.
基金supported by Research Project of Health Commission of Hunan Province,China(D202313016450)。
文摘Immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)play a significant role in tumor treatment,but the immune-related adverse events(irAEs),which brings about have also attracted much attention.Among them,toxic epidermal necrolysis(TEN)is one of the most severe skin toxic reactions.This article reports a case of a bladder cancer patient who developed TEN after receiving ICIs treatment.The male patient was diagnosed with bladder cancer in November 2023.On April 29,2024,he was admitted to the Third Hospital of Changsha for antitumor treatment.In May 2024,he developed immune-related myocarditis after treatment with toripalimab.On July 6,2024,the patient switched to envafolimab treatment,and on July 16,he developed rashes and eventually progressed to TEN.After treatment with glucocorticoids and related symptomatic measures,the patient improved.TEN is a rare but serious irAE in ICIs treatment.Suspected patients should be intervened early,and patients who have already developed it should be actively treated,in order to enhance the understanding and management of TEN caused by ICIs treatment.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation(82073850)the Hunan Provincial Youth Science Foundation Project(2019JJ50964),China.
文摘Objective:Actin filament-associated protein 1 like 1(AFAP1L1)is an adaptor protein lacking enzymatic and transcriptional activity,but the AFAP1L1 gene functions as an oncogene in colorectal cancer and gastric cancers.This study aims to investigate the role of AFAP1L1 in glioma and to explore changes in AFAP1L1 expression during glioma progression.Methods:Clinical and transcriptomic data of glioma patients were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA),the Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas(CGGA),and the Gene Expression Omnibus(GEO)databases to analyze the associations between AFAP1L1 expression and glioma prognosis,somatic mutations,immune cell infiltration,and enriched signaling pathways.Western blotting and real-time polymerase chain reaction(PCR)were used to detect AFAP1L1 messenger RNA(mRNA)and protein expression in glioma patients.Results:Patients with high AFAP1L1 expression had poorer prognosis,and AFAP1L1 was identified as an independent risk factor for glioma.In addition,glioma patients with high AFAP1L1 expression exhibited lower levels of somatic mutations,including amplification of oncogenes such as epidermal growth factor receptor and deletion of tumor suppressor genes such as cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A(CDKN2A).Estimation of STromal and Immune cells in Malignant Tumours using Expression(ESTIMATE)algorithm analysis showed that AFAP1L1 expression was positively correlated with the immune microenvironment.Tumor immune dysfunction and exclusion(TIDE)analysis indicated that glioma patients with high AFAP1L1 expression responded poorly to immunotherapy.Single cell analysis showed that AFAP1L1 expression was mainly concentrated in glioma cells.Enrichment analysis suggested that AFAP1L1 was potentially associated with small guanosine triphosphatases(GTPases),hypoxia-inducible factor-1(HIF-1),focal adhesion,and mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)signaling pathways.Conclusion:AFAP1L1 is a novel biomarker indicating glioma progression and a potential therapeutic target for glioma.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81800423)the Guangdong Medical Science and Technology Research project(No.B2022102)。
文摘AIM:Regulatory T cells(Tregs)are a specialized subset of CD4^(+)T cells primarily involved in im⁃munosuppressive functions.AMP-activated protein kinase(AMPK)serves as a metabolic sensor that governs the differen⁃tiation,maturation,and immune functions of Tregs through metabolic reprogramming.However,the impact of AMPKα1(the catalytic subunit of AMPK)knockout specifically in Tregs on the host's immune microenvironment remains largely un⁃explored.METHODS:Histological changes in immune organs were assessed using HE staining.The types of immune cells and their relative population percentages in immune organs and blood were quantified through flow cytometry in both AMPKα1flox/flox(AMPKα1^(fl/fl))mice and Treg-specific AMPKα1 knockout mice(AMPKα1^(fl/fl)Foxp3^(cre)mice).RESULTS:Compared to AMPKα1^(fl/fl)mice,the percentage of eosinophils in the bone marrow of AMPKα1^(fl/fl)Foxp3^(cre)mice was significant⁃ly reduced.Additionally,while the thymus of AMPKα1^(fl/fl)Foxp3^(cre)mice exhibited normal structure,both its size and the ratio of thymus weight to body weight were significantly decreased.The knockout of AMPKα1 in Tregs led to a notable reduction in the total percentage of immature double-negative(DN)cells.Consequently,the percentage of CD4^(+)T cells derived from these DN cells also decreased,even though the percentages of DN1 and DN4 cells were higher in the thymus of AMPKα1^(fl/fl)Foxp3^(cre)mice compared to AMPKα1^(fl/fl)mice.Importantly,the proportion of Siglec-F+CD11b^(+)eosinophils in the thymus was significantly lower in AMPKα1^(fl/fl)Foxp3^(cre)mice.Knockout of AMPKα1 in Tregs resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of CD4^(+)T cells in peripheral blood,alongside a decrease in the proportion of mature CD8^(+)T cells.Similarly,the proportion of CD4^(+)T cells in the spleen of AMPKα1^(fl/fl)Foxp3^(cre)mice was elevated compared to AMPKα1^(fl/fl)mice.In contrast,the proportion of neutrophils significantly decreased,while mononuclear cell proportions increased in the spleen of AMPKα1^(fl/fl)Foxp3^(cre)mice.In lymph nodes,the medullary boundaries in AMPKα1^(fl/fl)Foxp3^(cre)mice were blurred,and the lymphoid follicles were missing,a feature not observed in AMPKα1^(fl/fl)mice.Furthermore,the knockout of AMPKα1 in Tregs reduced the CD3^(+)T cell population,particularly the CD8^(+)T cell population,in lymph nodes.Although the mature Treg cell population was significantly lower in AMPKα1^(fl/fl)Foxp3^(cre)mice,the percentage of CD4^(+)T cells was markedly in⁃creased.In contrast,there was no statistically significant difference in granulocyte populations between AMPKα1^(fl/fl)Foxp3^(cre)and AMPKα1^(fl/fl)mice.CONCLUSION:The populations of mature Tregs,CD8^(+)T cells and eosinophils in various im⁃mune organs were significantly altered in mice with Treg-specific AMPKα1 knockout,suggesting a potential remodeling of the host immune microenvironment in response to inflammatory stimuli.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundations of China(82271340,82071368)。
文摘Hemorrhagic stroke,the second leading cause of stroke,is a severe medical emergency that often leads to severe disability or death;however,the causal relationship between antibody-mediated immune responses and hemorrhagic stroke remains unknown.This study aimed to investigate the potential causal relationship between antibody-mediated immune responses to infectious agents and hemorrhagic stroke using the two-sample Mendelian randomization(MR)method.Comprehensive analyses were conducted using publicly available data from genome-wide association study(GWAS),which involved the whole genomes of 9724 European participants and 46 antibody measurement phenotypes,and summary statistics from the FinnGen dataset R12(including intracerebral hemorrhage and subarachnoid hemorrhage)were used.The causal relationship between the aforementioned immune responses and hemorrhagic stroke was analyzed using inverse-variance weighting,MR-Egger regression,weighted median,weighted mode,simple mode,and MR-pleiotropy residual sum and outlier(MR-PRESSO),while various sensitivity analyses were performed to assess heterogeneity and pleiotropy in the study findings.Results showed that human herpes virus 7(HHV-7)U14 antibody levels(OR:0.877,95%CI:0.797-0.964,P=0.007)exerted a protective effect against hemorrhagic stroke,and Chlamydia trachomatis(CT)tarp-D F2 antibody levels(OR:0.937,95%CI:0.885-0.992,P=0.025)had a potential protective effect;additionally,Epstein-Barr virus(EBV)ZEBRA antibody levels(OR:1.062,95%CI:1.012-1.114,P=0.014),human herpesvirus 6(HHV-6)p101k antibody levels(OR:1.054,95%CI:1.002-1.108,P=0.042),and cytomegalovirus(CMV)pp150 antibody levels(OR:1.086,95%CI:1.002-1.176,P=0.045)were potential risk factors for the disease.No significant pleiotropy or heterogeneity was observed in any of the MR analyses.Collectively,these findings confirmed a significant causal relationship between antibody-mediated immune responses and hemorrhagic stroke,and this study contributed to a deeper understanding of the potential mechanisms underlying hemorrhagic stroke onset.
基金Project(50275150) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProjects(20040533035, 20070533131) supported by the National Research Foundation for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China
文摘An abstraction and an investigation to the worth of dendritic cells (DCs) ability to collect, process and present antigens are presented. Computationally, this ability is shown to provide a feature reduction mechanism that could be used to reduce the complexity of a search space, a mechanism for development of highly specialized detector sets as well as a selective mechanism used in directing subsets of detectors to be activated when certain danger signals are present. It is shown that DCs, primed by different danger signals, provide a basis for different anomaly detection pathways. Different antigen-peptides are developed based on different danger signals present, and these peptides are presented to different adaptive layer detectors that correspond to the given danger signal. Experiments are then undertaken that compare current approaches, where a full antigen structure and the whole repertoire of detectors are used, with the proposed approach. Experiment results indicate that such an approach is feasible and can help reduce the complexity of the problem by significant levels. It also improves the efficiency of the system, given that only a subset of detectors are involved during the detection process. Having several different sets of detectors increases the robustness of the resulting system. Detectors developed based on peptides are also highly discriminative, which reduces the false positives rates, making the approach feasible for a real time environment.
基金supported by the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University (NCET-06-0236)
文摘An improved clustering method based on artificial immune is proposed. To obtain the better initial solution, the initial antibody network is introduced by self organizing map （SOM） method. In the process of the clustering iteration, a series of optimization and evolution strategies are designed, such as clustering satisfaction, the threshold design of scale compression, the learning rate, the clustering monitoring points and the clustering evaluations indexes. These strategies can make the clustering thresholds be quantified and reduce the operator’s subjective factors. Thus, the local optimal and the global optimal clustering simultaneously are proposed by the synthesized function of these strategies. Finally, the experiment and the comparisons demonstrate the proposed method effectiveness.
基金Projects(60234030, 60404021) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China project(040125) supported by the Doctoral Research Grant of Central South University
文摘An artificial immune system was modelled with self/non-self selection to overcome abnormity in a mobile robot demo. The immune modelling includes the innate immune modelling and the adaptive immune modelling. The self/non-self selection includes detection and recognition, and the self/non-self detection is based on the normal model of the demo. After the detection, the non-self recognition is based on learning unknown non-self for the adaptive immunization. The learning was designed on the neural network or on the learning mechanism from examples. The last step is elimination of all the non-self and failover of the demo. The immunization of the mobile robot demo is programmed with Java to test effectiveness of the approach. Some worms infected the mobile robot demo, and caused the abnormity. The results of the immunization simulations show that the immune program can detect 100% worms, recognize all known Worms and most unknown worms, and eliminate the worms. Moreover, the damaged files of the mobile robot demo can all be repaired through the normal model and immunization. Therefore, the immune modelling of the mobile robot demo is effective and programmable in some anti-worms and abnormity detection applications.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82271340,82071368)the Outstanding Youth Funding of Harbin Medical University(HYD2020JQ0016)the Horizontal Subject(86010900)。
文摘This study investigated the expression characteristics and clinical significance of gamma-aminobutyric acid A(GABAA)receptor subunit gamma1(GABRG1)in glioma by integrating cancer and normal tissue data from multiple databases and combining them with experimental evidence.The research revealed that GABRG1 exhibited low expression levels in glioma,and its low expression was closely associated with unfavorable clinical outcomes.Furthermore,a prognostic model with strong decision-making ability was constructed using multivariate Cox regression analysis,incorporating age,isocitric dehydrogenase(IDH)mutation status,O6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase(MGMT)methylation status,World Health Organization(WHO)grade,and GABRG1 expression.Additionally,GABRG1 might be associated with the expression of tumor-associated macrophages and was significantly linked to immune regulatory processes.This study provided a new target for immunotherapy in glioma and offered a novel indicator for predicting and evaluating the clinical prognosis of patients.
基金Project(51305467)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(12JJ4050)supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,China
文摘In order to control the locomotive wheel(axle) load distribution, a shimming process to adjust the locomotive secondary spring loads was heretofore developed. An immune dominance clonal selection multi-objective algorithm based on the artificial immune system was presented to further improve the performance of the optimization algorithm for locomotive secondary spring load adjustment, especially to solve the lack of control on the output shim quantity. The algorithm was designed into a two-level optimization structure according to the preferences of the problem, and the priori knowledge of the problem was used as the immune dominance. Experiments on various types of locomotives show that owing to the novel algorithm, the shim quantity is cut down by 30% 60% and the calculation time is about 90% less while the secondary spring load distribution is controlled on the same level as before. The application of this optimization algorithm can significantly improve the availability and efficiency of the secondary spring adjustment process.
基金Project(51176045)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2011ZK2032)supported by the Major Soft Science Program of Science and Technology Ministry of Hunan Province,China
文摘In order to enhance measuring precision of the real complex electromechanical system,complex industrial system and complex ecological & management system with characteristics of multi-variable,non-liner,strong coupling and large time-delay,in terms of the fuzzy character of this real complex system,a fuzzy least squares support vector machine(FLS-SVM) soft measurement model was established and its parameters were optimized by using adaptive mutative scale chaos immune algorithm.The simulation results reveal that fuzzy least squares support vector machines soft measurement model is of better approximation accuracy and robustness.And application results show that the relative errors of the soft measurement model are less than 3.34%.
基金the financial support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52102453)。
文摘The weapon transportation support scheduling problem on aircraft carrier deck is the key to restricting the sortie rate and combat capability of carrier-based aircraft.This paper studies the problem and presents a novel solution architecture.Taking the interference of the carrier-based aircraft deck layout on the weapon transportation route and precedence constraint into consideration,a mixed integer formulation is established to minimize the total objective,which is constituted of makespan,load variance and accumulative transfer time of support unit.Solution approach is developed for the model.Firstly,based on modeling the carrier aircraft parked on deck as convex obstacles,the path library of weapon transportation is constructed through visibility graph and Warshall-Floyd methods.We then propose a bi-population immune algorithm in which a population-based forward/backward scheduling technique,local search schemes and a chaotic catastrophe operator are embedded.Besides,the randomkey solution representation and serial scheduling generation scheme are adopted to conveniently obtain a better solution.The Taguchi method is additionally employed to determine key parameters of the algorithm.Finally,on a set of generated realistic instances,we demonstrate that the proposed algorithm outperforms all compared algorithms designed for similar optimization problems and can significantly improve the efficiency,and that the established model and the bi-population immune algorithm can effectively respond to the weapon support requirements of carrier-based aircraft under different sortie missions.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(7110111671271170)+1 种基金the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University(NCET-13-0475)the Basic Research Foundation of NPU(JC20120228)
文摘Finding out reasonable structures from bulky data is one of the difficulties in modeling of Bayesian network （BN）, which is also necessary in promoting the application of BN. This pa- per proposes an immune algorithm based method （BN-IA） for the learning of the BN structure with the idea of vaccination. Further- more, the methods on how to extract the effective vaccines from local optimal structure and root nodes are also described in details. Finally, the simulation studies are implemented with the helicopter convertor BN model and the car start BN model. The comparison results show that the proposed vaccines and the BN-IA can learn the BN structure effectively and efficiently.
