The Qaidam Basin,located in the northern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,is a large Mesozoic -Cenozoic basin,and bears huge thick Cenozoic strata.The geologic events of the Indian-Eurasian plate-plate collision si...The Qaidam Basin,located in the northern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,is a large Mesozoic -Cenozoic basin,and bears huge thick Cenozoic strata.The geologic events of the Indian-Eurasian plate-plate collision since～55 Ma have been well recorded.Based on the latest progress in high-resolution stratigraphy,a technique of balanced section was applied to six pieces of northeast-southwest geologic seismic profiles in the central and eastern of the Qaidam Basin to reconstruct the crustal shortening deformation history during the Cenozoic collision. The results show that the Qaidam Basin began展开更多
The NEE\|striking Altyn Tagh Fault (ATF) has been well known as one major point to know the growth history of the Tibetan plateau. Lots of investigations done since 1970’s were mostly focus on active features, partic...The NEE\|striking Altyn Tagh Fault (ATF) has been well known as one major point to know the growth history of the Tibetan plateau. Lots of investigations done since 1970’s were mostly focus on active features, particularly on determining slip, slip rate and their distribution along the fault. However, Cenozoic slip\|history of this fault remains poorly understood, and the age of initiation and total offset are controversial. Several Cenozoic sedimentary basins develop in Suo’erkulinan to Mangya regions (Fig.1). Their sedimentary processes are closely related with the ATF. The studies of the Neogene sedimentary sequences and the reconstruction of the paleo\|geography are essential to establish the displacement history of the fault during Late Cenozoic.Located at the southern side of the ATF, the Suo’erkulinan basin consists of more than 600\|meter\|thick Pliocene Shizigou Formation below and about 120\|meter\|thick Early to Middle Pleistocene Qigequan Formation above according to the 1∶200000 geological map by Xinjiang Province. An obvious erosional surface can be seen on the top of the lower sequence. Sediments in the Shizigou Formation are characterized by 400\|meter\|thick yellow to red cobble\|sized conglomerates in the bottom, up\|grading to sandstones and grey\|green mudstones. This indicated that the sedimentary facies changed from alluvial fan to fluvial fan and sediments became more and more mature. The upper sequence, the Qigequan Formation, corresponds to an alluvial facies series composed of yellow to white cobble\|sized conglomerates intercalated with lenticular sandstones. Paleo\|current indicators showed that the Shizhigou conglomeratic series were sourced from northwest. Well\|developed syn\|sedimentary faults, normal faults mostly inherited from syn\|sedimentary faults, and some striation lineations on the surface indicated transtensional tectonic environment of the strike\|slip faulting.展开更多
Sichuan Province,East Western of China,within the area of east longitude 97°21′-108°31′,north latitude 26°03′-34°19′,which is on the Mediterranean seismic zone;with its complicated geological b...Sichuan Province,East Western of China,within the area of east longitude 97°21′-108°31′,north latitude 26°03′-34°19′,which is on the Mediterranean seismic zone;with its complicated geological background,several strong shocks occurred in this district since ancient times.Earthquake catalogue of this area could date back to B.C.26,however,limited by the conditions—technology or funds,lots of minor earthquake have been lost,which could be展开更多
The addition of basement beneath existing building changes the underpinning pile from fully embedded to partially embedded,and thus influences the mechanical properties of pile.In the past,scholars paid attention to t...The addition of basement beneath existing building changes the underpinning pile from fully embedded to partially embedded,and thus influences the mechanical properties of pile.In the past,scholars paid attention to the change in the bearing capacity of pile but neglected the difference of dynamic characteristics before and after construction,and potential changes in stress history of remaining soil are also ignored.In this work,a calculation model is built to investigate the influence of excavation on dynamic impedance of underpinning pile considering the effect of stress history.The soil is simulated by the dynamic Winkler foundation,which is characterized by springs and dashpots.Properties of remaining soil after excavation are updated to consider the effect of stress history through modifying the initial shear modulus and related parameters.The dynamic impedance of pile after excavation is obtained based on the transfer matrix method.The parameter study is carried out to evaluate the dynamic impedance with various excavation depths,considering or ignoring stress history effect,and various element lengths.The results show that shallow soil plays an important role to dynamic impedance,and overestimated dynamic impedance is obtained if not considering the stress history effect.展开更多
The past seven decades witnesses a stage marked by"ossification-consolidation-emptiness"as regards domestic labor relationship.It is highly probable that China is to be inaugurated by the stage of"falsi...The past seven decades witnesses a stage marked by"ossification-consolidation-emptiness"as regards domestic labor relationship.It is highly probable that China is to be inaugurated by the stage of"falsification"in forthcoming days.A major cause is rooted in that labor relationship is the output of economic development that would request that labor relationship chime with it.The development course of labor relationship since the founding of PRC explicitly evinces that"flexibility"might be incurred in case labor relationship fails to align with economic development and with demands of marketing competitiveness.It might even propel main bodies of labor relationship to circumvent labor laws,as is verified by prevalence of large-scaled labor dispatching,and of"labor dispatching under the disguise of outsourcing".Lawmakers thus need to further ruminate over degree of tolerance on labor legislation.展开更多
Yeats’ realistic poetry is often imprinted with the mark of its era. By means of the poetic language, Yeats expressed his profound reflection on the historic events of the time. In so doing, a dialogue has comes into...Yeats’ realistic poetry is often imprinted with the mark of its era. By means of the poetic language, Yeats expressed his profound reflection on the historic events of the time. In so doing, a dialogue has comes into existence between literature and history. This paper attempts to consider in detail how the dialogue between literature and history operates in Yeats’ realistic poem “Easter, 1916,” as a case study, under the scrutiny of the new historicist approach. Through the textual analysis of this poetic work, this paper discusses the dialogic relationship of the poem and history by elaborating on how this poetic work becomes historicized and how this historic event becomes textualized. Within this dialogue, the reciprocal relation of this poem and the contemporary society is brought under further examination. This paper argues that this poem harbors subversive force which can be articulated by the poetic text in this dialogue between literature and history. However, this subversive force will be eventually contained by the British power structure that has pervaded and dominated the Irish society. By the uprising and revolution of the Irish people, Ireland would attain to the goal of political de-Anglicization by becoming a sovereign state and with the advent of this political independence Irish literature could also achieve an independent status. However, this paper concludes that Yeats has realized the suppressed beauty of this independence because Irish literature would still have to be composed in the English language which, however, remains to be the product of the British power structure.展开更多
英美科学史研究最活跃,也最发达,具有代表性,通过对ISIS、History of Science和The British Journal for the History of Science这3份公认的国际科学史权威综合期刊1993—2005年的内容进行计量分析和比较研究,揭示出近十几年来英美科...英美科学史研究最活跃,也最发达,具有代表性,通过对ISIS、History of Science和The British Journal for the History of Science这3份公认的国际科学史权威综合期刊1993—2005年的内容进行计量分析和比较研究,揭示出近十几年来英美科学史研究的热点与发展趋向为:物理科学和医学是研究的热点;人物与专题史是研究的重要领域;19和20世纪成为科学史集中研究的时期,综合趋势更加明显;内史仍是科学史的主流,外史在不断增加。最后分析了产生这些变化的深层原因。展开更多
Since the late Ming dynasty to 1856 Qing dynasty,"shu shui gong sha"is the authentic theorem of water-control in lower reaches of Huang-he river,but plan was always used period of time which appeared problem...Since the late Ming dynasty to 1856 Qing dynasty,"shu shui gong sha"is the authentic theorem of water-control in lower reaches of Huang-he river,but plan was always used period of time which appeared problem and to be fail.Based History geography’s view,we can see it was resulted in land-increasing and bayou-extending from bedload which be eroded by water.In Ming and Qing dynasty,the coastline varied prodigiouss near the bayou,the bayou reached 90 km eastwardly,which elongated the riverway in lower reaches of Huang-he river in disguised form,caused the gradient minish,the water flowed slowly,the bedload deposited on riverbed,which conduced the bank bursted easily in the flood season,result flood in a high frequency.Finally,the river to be hang river,the bank difficult to be maintained,the Huang-he river be compelled to flow northly to the Bo-hai sea,the "shu shui gong sha" failed.展开更多
It is believed that in ancient China,there were only works on graphology,phonology and critical interpretation,but no works on grammar.In works of grammar history published in modern times,they just dwell briefly on a...It is believed that in ancient China,there were only works on graphology,phonology and critical interpretation,but no works on grammar.In works of grammar history published in modern times,they just dwell briefly on ancient grammar,and they consider that there were only some explanations of form words,a few books of form words,but no syntactic analyses.However,in fact,in ancient classical works there were abundant materials of grammatical analyses.Ancient scholars worked out quite a few grammar rules,some of which were profound and coincidental with modern grammar theories.In the present research of ancient Chinese grammar,grammatical analyses made by ancient scholars should be summed up and inherited.展开更多
Isolationism and expansionism are two themes of American diplomacy. From the beginning of the state’s history, isolationism and expansionism have manifested themselves as two policy imperatives in American diplomacy....Isolationism and expansionism are two themes of American diplomacy. From the beginning of the state’s history, isolationism and expansionism have manifested themselves as two policy imperatives in American diplomacy. On the surface, isolationism and expansionism represent contradictory attitudes and assumptions about America’s proper relationship with the outside world: isolationism advocates diplomatic and military non-entanglement in world affairs; expansionism urges active involvement in external affairs. But in a deeper sense, both isolationism and expansionism are manifestations of American sense of mission, the belief that the US has a special role to perform for all nations in the world. Isolationism is a passive approach to accomplish that mission: it emphasizes the exemplary nature of their country. Expansionism stresses the need for active involvement to achieve that mission; thus, is an active approach to American mission.展开更多
William Carlos Williams,a poet who has an immense influence on the course of 20th century poetry.whose poems characterized his close attention to nature,friendship and the Chinese Classical Poetry. The Widow’s Lament...William Carlos Williams,a poet who has an immense influence on the course of 20th century poetry.whose poems characterized his close attention to nature,friendship and the Chinese Classical Poetry. The Widow’s Lament in Springtime is not only the representative of imitation of Chinese poetry about boudoir repining school but bringing poetry into natural relation with everyday life.展开更多
Flow properties of waxy crude oils,particularly the beneficiated waxy crude oils,are sensitive to shear history that the crude oil experienced,called the shear history effect.To simulate this shear history effect accu...Flow properties of waxy crude oils,particularly the beneficiated waxy crude oils,are sensitive to shear history that the crude oil experienced,called the shear history effect.To simulate this shear history effect accurately is vital to pipeline design and operation.It has been demonstrated by our previous that the energy dissipation or entropy generation due to viscous flow in the shear process is a suitable parameter for simulating the shear history effect.In order to further verify the reliability of this approach,experimental simulations were conducted for three PPD-beneficiated waxy crude oils transported through the China West Crude Oil Pipeline,a most complicated long-distance-crude-oil-pipeline technically and operationally so far in China.The simulations were made by using a stirred vessel and with the energy dissipation of viscous flow as the shear simulation parameter.Comparison between the flow properties of crude oils obtained from field test and experimental simulations,it is found that the gel points and viscosities from experimental simulations are in good agreement with the field data.展开更多
Recently the (U\|Th)/He method on apatite has been applied to studies of cooling and exhumation in mountain belts in order to place constraints on the low temperature cooling history (Wolf et al., 1997; House et al., ...Recently the (U\|Th)/He method on apatite has been applied to studies of cooling and exhumation in mountain belts in order to place constraints on the low temperature cooling history (Wolf et al., 1997; House et al., 1998). Because the closure temperature of the method is 65～75℃, it provides useful information regarding the exhumation of rocks through the upper few kilometers of the earth’s crust. When the (U\|Th)/He method is coupled with methods such as 40 Ar/ 39 Ar with higher closure temperatures (210～500℃), a cooling history can be reconstructed over a wide range of temperatures. In eastern Nepal, in the Dudh Kosi valley a suite of samples from the Main Central Thrust (MCT) to the middle of the Higher Himalayan section was previously dated using 40 Ar/ 39 Ar on K\|feldspar, biotite, muscovite, and hornblende (Hubbard and Harrison,1989). We have applied the (U\|Th)/He method to apatite from these same samples. The structurally highest site, Ngozumba, is in the middle to upper part of the Higher Himalaya in the Gokyo valley. At Ngozumba previous 40 Ar/ 39 Ar ages include: muscovite at (16 6±0 4)Ma (closure temperature (CT)350℃), biotite at (16 8±1 4)Ma (CT 300℃), and K\|feldspar at (15 5±1 8)Ma (CT 250℃).The apatite age for an augen gneiss from this location was (6 3±3 8)Ma suggesting slower cooling for that part of the range during the last 15Ma. Structurally below Ngozumba, in the MCT zone, 40 Ar/ 39 Ar ages include:(20 9±0 2)Ma for hornblende (CT 500℃), (12 0±0 2)Ma for muscovite, and (8 0±0 2)Ma for K\|feldspar (CT 220℃). The apatite age obtained for a biotite schist at this location was (4 6±0 2)Ma and is consistent with relatively constant cooling since 12Ma. In between the MCT and the Ngozumba site samples were collected near the settlement of Ghat that yielded anomalously young 40 Ar/ 39 Ar ages:(7 7±0 4)Ma for muscovite, (7 5±0 6)Ma for biotite, and (3 6±0 2)Ma for K\|feldspar (CT 210℃). The apatite age is consistent with these young ages at (0 8±0 1)Ma. Plausible explanations for the young ages at this site include: post\|MCT age movement on a small\|scale shear zone or late\|stage movement of hydro\|thermal fluids through this localized zone. The MCT zone 40 Ar/ 39 Ar ages were used to constrain a one\|dimensional thermal model aimed at understanding rates of exhumation (Hubbard et al., 1991). The model yielded exhumation rates of 0 7～1 9km/Ma for the MCT zone region. The (U\|Th)/He age for apatite from this region is consistent with the model results. By coupling the (U\|Th)/He ages with the 40 Ar/ 39 Ar ages in this region we can determine that exhumation processes have acted at a relatively constant rate during the last 15～20 million years (with the possible exception of the Ghat location). Major fault activity likely pre\|dates this time period, or has had little affect on the cooling history.展开更多
The complexity of a literary era lies in its diversity and multi-dimensions, and that of the developmentof literary history is that in different historical contexts, the same literary phenomenon may function different...The complexity of a literary era lies in its diversity and multi-dimensions, and that of the developmentof literary history is that in different historical contexts, the same literary phenomenon may function differently,and may be of different nature, historical missions may be completed differently, and the competition betweendifferent literary schools may often lead to the change of literary ethos. Dialectics of literary history is thatprogress and regression are entwined when it comes to the relationship between a literary era and the majorartistic trends in it, and that history never stops in its own negation. Dynamics of literary history includes thefollowing： it is a universal trend to have shifted from the poetic era to a prose era; myths, as cultural archetypes,determine the development and features of different peoples＇ literature and art; literary history is a combinationof excess and insufficiency and that of activeness and passiveness; the divide and liaison between high browliterature and low-brow literature lead to the general pattern and trend of literature; artistic tastes, ideals andparadigms are established in literary history; the rise, differentiation and development of literary genres runsthrough literary history; and artistic innovation and social pull are usually the driving forces of a new trend,which, in turn, is characterized by overwhelming momentum.展开更多
Marxist theory is an im portant so urce of socialism core value theory,and building so cialism core values under the guidance of Marxist theory is a major proposition that must be considered in the ideological and pol...Marxist theory is an im portant so urce of socialism core value theory,and building so cialism core values under the guidance of Marxist theory is a major proposition that must be considered in the ideological and political education of the new era.Based on the Marxist materialist conception of history,this paper analyzed,from the Marxist perspective,the dialectical relationship between the free and full developm ent of people,the value of peo ple and social development,pointed out the existing problems in ideological and political education and the necessity of targeted education of the core values for teenagers,and proposed to develop and innovate the ways and methods of ideological and political education as well as carry out extensive education on the Marxism,socialism patriotism and Chinese traditional culture under the guidance of Marxist theory,for the purpose of helping teenagers build socialism core values and strengthen their faith in the socialist road with Chinese characteristics and the ideals and beliefs of communism.展开更多
The steady and sound development of colleges and universities cannot go without the adoption of ecological thinking.However,the current construction of campus culture is disrupted by such prominent problems as insular...The steady and sound development of colleges and universities cannot go without the adoption of ecological thinking.However,the current construction of campus culture is disrupted by such prominent problems as insular ecological ethics,utilitarian talent cultivation pattern,poor academic atmosphere and distortion of values,hindering the rapid development of colleges and universities.Integrating the concept of ecological culture into the construction of campus culture and turning it into the mainstream culture serve as effective pathways to solve these problems and realize their mission of inheriting and passing on civilization.Advocating the harmony between man and nature,Natural History education is in line with ecological development concept and is an integral part of education on ecological pro-gress.The integration of Natural History education into the traditional education system in institutions of higher learning is conducive to educational diversity,cultivation of ecological awareness among students and transmission of socialist core values.College ecological culture can be better cultivated by establishing Natural History clubs,opening Natural History courses,carrying out ecological ethic education and implementing cultural communication on schools within the community.展开更多
文摘The Qaidam Basin,located in the northern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,is a large Mesozoic -Cenozoic basin,and bears huge thick Cenozoic strata.The geologic events of the Indian-Eurasian plate-plate collision since～55 Ma have been well recorded.Based on the latest progress in high-resolution stratigraphy,a technique of balanced section was applied to six pieces of northeast-southwest geologic seismic profiles in the central and eastern of the Qaidam Basin to reconstruct the crustal shortening deformation history during the Cenozoic collision. The results show that the Qaidam Basin began
基金theprogramsof ( 1)theYoungGeologistsFoundationoftheMGMR (No .Qn979812 ) ( 2 )theNational(No .G19980 4 0 80 0 ) and ( 3)the
文摘The NEE\|striking Altyn Tagh Fault (ATF) has been well known as one major point to know the growth history of the Tibetan plateau. Lots of investigations done since 1970’s were mostly focus on active features, particularly on determining slip, slip rate and their distribution along the fault. However, Cenozoic slip\|history of this fault remains poorly understood, and the age of initiation and total offset are controversial. Several Cenozoic sedimentary basins develop in Suo’erkulinan to Mangya regions (Fig.1). Their sedimentary processes are closely related with the ATF. The studies of the Neogene sedimentary sequences and the reconstruction of the paleo\|geography are essential to establish the displacement history of the fault during Late Cenozoic.Located at the southern side of the ATF, the Suo’erkulinan basin consists of more than 600\|meter\|thick Pliocene Shizigou Formation below and about 120\|meter\|thick Early to Middle Pleistocene Qigequan Formation above according to the 1∶200000 geological map by Xinjiang Province. An obvious erosional surface can be seen on the top of the lower sequence. Sediments in the Shizigou Formation are characterized by 400\|meter\|thick yellow to red cobble\|sized conglomerates in the bottom, up\|grading to sandstones and grey\|green mudstones. This indicated that the sedimentary facies changed from alluvial fan to fluvial fan and sediments became more and more mature. The upper sequence, the Qigequan Formation, corresponds to an alluvial facies series composed of yellow to white cobble\|sized conglomerates intercalated with lenticular sandstones. Paleo\|current indicators showed that the Shizhigou conglomeratic series were sourced from northwest. Well\|developed syn\|sedimentary faults, normal faults mostly inherited from syn\|sedimentary faults, and some striation lineations on the surface indicated transtensional tectonic environment of the strike\|slip faulting.
文摘Sichuan Province,East Western of China,within the area of east longitude 97°21′-108°31′,north latitude 26°03′-34°19′,which is on the Mediterranean seismic zone;with its complicated geological background,several strong shocks occurred in this district since ancient times.Earthquake catalogue of this area could date back to B.C.26,however,limited by the conditions—technology or funds,lots of minor earthquake have been lost,which could be
基金Projects(51878487,41672266)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China。
文摘The addition of basement beneath existing building changes the underpinning pile from fully embedded to partially embedded,and thus influences the mechanical properties of pile.In the past,scholars paid attention to the change in the bearing capacity of pile but neglected the difference of dynamic characteristics before and after construction,and potential changes in stress history of remaining soil are also ignored.In this work,a calculation model is built to investigate the influence of excavation on dynamic impedance of underpinning pile considering the effect of stress history.The soil is simulated by the dynamic Winkler foundation,which is characterized by springs and dashpots.Properties of remaining soil after excavation are updated to consider the effect of stress history through modifying the initial shear modulus and related parameters.The dynamic impedance of pile after excavation is obtained based on the transfer matrix method.The parameter study is carried out to evaluate the dynamic impedance with various excavation depths,considering or ignoring stress history effect,and various element lengths.The results show that shallow soil plays an important role to dynamic impedance,and overestimated dynamic impedance is obtained if not considering the stress history effect.
基金a stage achievement of “A study on how labor standards respond to collective clash between capital and labor under the new normal”a National Social Science Fund Project(15BGL184)
文摘The past seven decades witnesses a stage marked by"ossification-consolidation-emptiness"as regards domestic labor relationship.It is highly probable that China is to be inaugurated by the stage of"falsification"in forthcoming days.A major cause is rooted in that labor relationship is the output of economic development that would request that labor relationship chime with it.The development course of labor relationship since the founding of PRC explicitly evinces that"flexibility"might be incurred in case labor relationship fails to align with economic development and with demands of marketing competitiveness.It might even propel main bodies of labor relationship to circumvent labor laws,as is verified by prevalence of large-scaled labor dispatching,and of"labor dispatching under the disguise of outsourcing".Lawmakers thus need to further ruminate over degree of tolerance on labor legislation.
文摘Yeats’ realistic poetry is often imprinted with the mark of its era. By means of the poetic language, Yeats expressed his profound reflection on the historic events of the time. In so doing, a dialogue has comes into existence between literature and history. This paper attempts to consider in detail how the dialogue between literature and history operates in Yeats’ realistic poem “Easter, 1916,” as a case study, under the scrutiny of the new historicist approach. Through the textual analysis of this poetic work, this paper discusses the dialogic relationship of the poem and history by elaborating on how this poetic work becomes historicized and how this historic event becomes textualized. Within this dialogue, the reciprocal relation of this poem and the contemporary society is brought under further examination. This paper argues that this poem harbors subversive force which can be articulated by the poetic text in this dialogue between literature and history. However, this subversive force will be eventually contained by the British power structure that has pervaded and dominated the Irish society. By the uprising and revolution of the Irish people, Ireland would attain to the goal of political de-Anglicization by becoming a sovereign state and with the advent of this political independence Irish literature could also achieve an independent status. However, this paper concludes that Yeats has realized the suppressed beauty of this independence because Irish literature would still have to be composed in the English language which, however, remains to be the product of the British power structure.
文摘英美科学史研究最活跃,也最发达,具有代表性,通过对ISIS、History of Science和The British Journal for the History of Science这3份公认的国际科学史权威综合期刊1993—2005年的内容进行计量分析和比较研究,揭示出近十几年来英美科学史研究的热点与发展趋向为:物理科学和医学是研究的热点;人物与专题史是研究的重要领域;19和20世纪成为科学史集中研究的时期,综合趋势更加明显;内史仍是科学史的主流,外史在不断增加。最后分析了产生这些变化的深层原因。
文摘Since the late Ming dynasty to 1856 Qing dynasty,"shu shui gong sha"is the authentic theorem of water-control in lower reaches of Huang-he river,but plan was always used period of time which appeared problem and to be fail.Based History geography’s view,we can see it was resulted in land-increasing and bayou-extending from bedload which be eroded by water.In Ming and Qing dynasty,the coastline varied prodigiouss near the bayou,the bayou reached 90 km eastwardly,which elongated the riverway in lower reaches of Huang-he river in disguised form,caused the gradient minish,the water flowed slowly,the bedload deposited on riverbed,which conduced the bank bursted easily in the flood season,result flood in a high frequency.Finally,the river to be hang river,the bank difficult to be maintained,the Huang-he river be compelled to flow northly to the Bo-hai sea,the "shu shui gong sha" failed.
文摘It is believed that in ancient China,there were only works on graphology,phonology and critical interpretation,but no works on grammar.In works of grammar history published in modern times,they just dwell briefly on ancient grammar,and they consider that there were only some explanations of form words,a few books of form words,but no syntactic analyses.However,in fact,in ancient classical works there were abundant materials of grammatical analyses.Ancient scholars worked out quite a few grammar rules,some of which were profound and coincidental with modern grammar theories.In the present research of ancient Chinese grammar,grammatical analyses made by ancient scholars should be summed up and inherited.
文摘Isolationism and expansionism are two themes of American diplomacy. From the beginning of the state’s history, isolationism and expansionism have manifested themselves as two policy imperatives in American diplomacy. On the surface, isolationism and expansionism represent contradictory attitudes and assumptions about America’s proper relationship with the outside world: isolationism advocates diplomatic and military non-entanglement in world affairs; expansionism urges active involvement in external affairs. But in a deeper sense, both isolationism and expansionism are manifestations of American sense of mission, the belief that the US has a special role to perform for all nations in the world. Isolationism is a passive approach to accomplish that mission: it emphasizes the exemplary nature of their country. Expansionism stresses the need for active involvement to achieve that mission; thus, is an active approach to American mission.
文摘William Carlos Williams,a poet who has an immense influence on the course of 20th century poetry.whose poems characterized his close attention to nature,friendship and the Chinese Classical Poetry. The Widow’s Lament in Springtime is not only the representative of imitation of Chinese poetry about boudoir repining school but bringing poetry into natural relation with everyday life.
文摘Flow properties of waxy crude oils,particularly the beneficiated waxy crude oils,are sensitive to shear history that the crude oil experienced,called the shear history effect.To simulate this shear history effect accurately is vital to pipeline design and operation.It has been demonstrated by our previous that the energy dissipation or entropy generation due to viscous flow in the shear process is a suitable parameter for simulating the shear history effect.In order to further verify the reliability of this approach,experimental simulations were conducted for three PPD-beneficiated waxy crude oils transported through the China West Crude Oil Pipeline,a most complicated long-distance-crude-oil-pipeline technically and operationally so far in China.The simulations were made by using a stirred vessel and with the energy dissipation of viscous flow as the shear simulation parameter.Comparison between the flow properties of crude oils obtained from field test and experimental simulations,it is found that the gel points and viscosities from experimental simulations are in good agreement with the field data.
文摘Recently the (U\|Th)/He method on apatite has been applied to studies of cooling and exhumation in mountain belts in order to place constraints on the low temperature cooling history (Wolf et al., 1997; House et al., 1998). Because the closure temperature of the method is 65～75℃, it provides useful information regarding the exhumation of rocks through the upper few kilometers of the earth’s crust. When the (U\|Th)/He method is coupled with methods such as 40 Ar/ 39 Ar with higher closure temperatures (210～500℃), a cooling history can be reconstructed over a wide range of temperatures. In eastern Nepal, in the Dudh Kosi valley a suite of samples from the Main Central Thrust (MCT) to the middle of the Higher Himalayan section was previously dated using 40 Ar/ 39 Ar on K\|feldspar, biotite, muscovite, and hornblende (Hubbard and Harrison,1989). We have applied the (U\|Th)/He method to apatite from these same samples. The structurally highest site, Ngozumba, is in the middle to upper part of the Higher Himalaya in the Gokyo valley. At Ngozumba previous 40 Ar/ 39 Ar ages include: muscovite at (16 6±0 4)Ma (closure temperature (CT)350℃), biotite at (16 8±1 4)Ma (CT 300℃), and K\|feldspar at (15 5±1 8)Ma (CT 250℃).The apatite age for an augen gneiss from this location was (6 3±3 8)Ma suggesting slower cooling for that part of the range during the last 15Ma. Structurally below Ngozumba, in the MCT zone, 40 Ar/ 39 Ar ages include:(20 9±0 2)Ma for hornblende (CT 500℃), (12 0±0 2)Ma for muscovite, and (8 0±0 2)Ma for K\|feldspar (CT 220℃). The apatite age obtained for a biotite schist at this location was (4 6±0 2)Ma and is consistent with relatively constant cooling since 12Ma. In between the MCT and the Ngozumba site samples were collected near the settlement of Ghat that yielded anomalously young 40 Ar/ 39 Ar ages:(7 7±0 4)Ma for muscovite, (7 5±0 6)Ma for biotite, and (3 6±0 2)Ma for K\|feldspar (CT 210℃). The apatite age is consistent with these young ages at (0 8±0 1)Ma. Plausible explanations for the young ages at this site include: post\|MCT age movement on a small\|scale shear zone or late\|stage movement of hydro\|thermal fluids through this localized zone. The MCT zone 40 Ar/ 39 Ar ages were used to constrain a one\|dimensional thermal model aimed at understanding rates of exhumation (Hubbard et al., 1991). The model yielded exhumation rates of 0 7～1 9km/Ma for the MCT zone region. The (U\|Th)/He age for apatite from this region is consistent with the model results. By coupling the (U\|Th)/He ages with the 40 Ar/ 39 Ar ages in this region we can determine that exhumation processes have acted at a relatively constant rate during the last 15～20 million years (with the possible exception of the Ghat location). Major fault activity likely pre\|dates this time period, or has had little affect on the cooling history.
文摘The complexity of a literary era lies in its diversity and multi-dimensions, and that of the developmentof literary history is that in different historical contexts, the same literary phenomenon may function differently,and may be of different nature, historical missions may be completed differently, and the competition betweendifferent literary schools may often lead to the change of literary ethos. Dialectics of literary history is thatprogress and regression are entwined when it comes to the relationship between a literary era and the majorartistic trends in it, and that history never stops in its own negation. Dynamics of literary history includes thefollowing： it is a universal trend to have shifted from the poetic era to a prose era; myths, as cultural archetypes,determine the development and features of different peoples＇ literature and art; literary history is a combinationof excess and insufficiency and that of activeness and passiveness; the divide and liaison between high browliterature and low-brow literature lead to the general pattern and trend of literature; artistic tastes, ideals andparadigms are established in literary history; the rise, differentiation and development of literary genres runsthrough literary history; and artistic innovation and social pull are usually the driving forces of a new trend,which, in turn, is characterized by overwhelming momentum.
基金the periodic research result of the project“Research on the Construction of Marxist Popular Carrier”(Project No.15SQWT16)commissioned by the Central Bureau of Compiler。
文摘Marxist theory is an im portant so urce of socialism core value theory,and building so cialism core values under the guidance of Marxist theory is a major proposition that must be considered in the ideological and political education of the new era.Based on the Marxist materialist conception of history,this paper analyzed,from the Marxist perspective,the dialectical relationship between the free and full developm ent of people,the value of peo ple and social development,pointed out the existing problems in ideological and political education and the necessity of targeted education of the core values for teenagers,and proposed to develop and innovate the ways and methods of ideological and political education as well as carry out extensive education on the Marxism,socialism patriotism and Chinese traditional culture under the guidance of Marxist theory,for the purpose of helping teenagers build socialism core values and strengthen their faith in the socialist road with Chinese characteristics and the ideals and beliefs of communism.
基金Key Research Projects of Humanities and Social Sciences in Anhui Universities in 2019(SK2019A0943)
文摘The steady and sound development of colleges and universities cannot go without the adoption of ecological thinking.However,the current construction of campus culture is disrupted by such prominent problems as insular ecological ethics,utilitarian talent cultivation pattern,poor academic atmosphere and distortion of values,hindering the rapid development of colleges and universities.Integrating the concept of ecological culture into the construction of campus culture and turning it into the mainstream culture serve as effective pathways to solve these problems and realize their mission of inheriting and passing on civilization.Advocating the harmony between man and nature,Natural History education is in line with ecological development concept and is an integral part of education on ecological pro-gress.The integration of Natural History education into the traditional education system in institutions of higher learning is conducive to educational diversity,cultivation of ecological awareness among students and transmission of socialist core values.College ecological culture can be better cultivated by establishing Natural History clubs,opening Natural History courses,carrying out ecological ethic education and implementing cultural communication on schools within the community.
