Xenobiotic drugs and chemicals directly interact with DNA,proteins,or other biomolecules in cells. These direct interactions with molecular targets may trigger a series of downstream effects on metabolic-biochemical a...Xenobiotic drugs and chemicals directly interact with DNA,proteins,or other biomolecules in cells. These direct interactions with molecular targets may trigger a series of downstream effects on metabolic-biochemical and regulatory-signaling networks that can invoke cellular consequences leading to adaptive homeostatic or adverse pathological responses. Regulators for drug and chemicals safety have therefore since long required the testing of toxicity in animal models before drugs and pesticides can enter the market. The US National Research Council of the National Academy of Sciences,in its report,Toxicity Testing in the 21st Century: a Vision and a Strategy [1] ,proposed that toxicity testing should become less reliant on apical endpoints from whole animal tests and eventually rely instead on quantitative,doseresponse models based on information from in vitro assays and in vivo biomarkers,which can be used to screen large numbers of chemicals. The present paper reports about a combination of HTS in vitro assays that can be used to study the potential tumorigenic effect of xenobiotics ( drug targets,environmental chemicals) via a set of"sentinel"genes [2] that are functionally interrelated based on evidence weighted functional linkage network ( FLN ) log-likelihood scores ( Linghu et al [3] ) .展开更多
目的建立5-羟色胺2C受体(5-HT_(2C)receptor,5-HT_(2C)R)和增强型绿色荧光蛋白(enhanced green fluorescent protein,EGFP)标记的活化T细胞核因子2(nuclear factor of activated T cells 2,NFAT2)共表达细胞株。方法人源5-HT_(2C)R质粒...目的建立5-羟色胺2C受体(5-HT_(2C)receptor,5-HT_(2C)R)和增强型绿色荧光蛋白(enhanced green fluorescent protein,EGFP)标记的活化T细胞核因子2(nuclear factor of activated T cells 2,NFAT2)共表达细胞株。方法人源5-HT_(2C)R质粒转染至U2OS-EGFP-NFAT2细胞,经潮霉素(Hygro)压力筛选到稳定表达5-HT_(2C)R的U2OS-EGFP-NFAT2-5-HT_(2C)R细胞。使用RT-qPCR和Western blot法检测该细胞株中5-HT_(2C)R的mRNA和蛋白表达水平;用核转位功能实验验证U2OS-EGFP-NFAT2-5-HT_(2C)R细胞受体功能的特异性;验证5-HT、LSD、DOM、DOI、赛洛西宾(PSI)和利舒脲(LIS)对5-HT_(2C)R的激活能力。结果筛选得到58号细胞为最强激活的U2OS-EGFP-NFAT2-5-HT_(2C)R单克隆细胞株。RT-qPCR和Western blot结果显示,1~15代内,U2OS-EGFP-NFAT2-5-HT_(2C)R细胞株稳定表达5-HT_(2C)R mRNA和蛋白。1~15代内,Vabicaserin对U2OS-EGFP-NFAT2-5-HT_(2C)R细胞株的激活能力稳定,5-HT_(2C)R特异性拮抗剂SB242084能够拮抗Vabicaserin的作用。5-HT、LIS、PSI能诱导U2OS-EGFP-NFAT2-5-HT_(2C)R细胞部分核转位,而LSD、DOM、DOI没有作用。结论成功构建了共表达5-HT_(2C)R和EGFP-NFAT2的U2OS-EGFP-NFAT2-5-HT_(2C)R细胞,可用于靶向5-HT_(2C)R的高活性小分子化合物筛选。展开更多
OBJECTIVE Dopamine receptors(DRs) are involved in the development and treatment of many neuropsychiatric disorders.Currently available dopaminergic drugs modulate both DRD2 and DRD3,leading to side effects and uncerta...OBJECTIVE Dopamine receptors(DRs) are involved in the development and treatment of many neuropsychiatric disorders.Currently available dopaminergic drugs modulate both DRD2 and DRD3,leading to side effects and uncertainty as to the roles each DR subtype plays physiologically.Our lab employed high throughput screening paradigms to discover highly selective modulators for the DRD3.METHODS The NIH Molecular Libraries Program 400,000 + small molecule library was screened using the Discove Rx Path Hunter?β-arrestin assay for compounds that activate the DRD3 without effects on the DRD2.Confirmation and counter-screens assessed selectivity and mechanisms of action.We identified 62 potential agonists,and chose the most promising to perform a structure-activity relationship(SAR) study to increase potency while maintaining selectivity.The lead compound identified through this process,ML417,was also characterized using bioluminescence resonance energy transfer(BRET)-based β-arrestin recruitment and G-protein activation assays as well as p-ERK assays.Potential neuroprotective properties of this compound were assessed using a SHSY5 Y neuronal cell model.RESULTS ML417 displays potent,DRD3-selective agonist activity in multiple functional assays.Binding and functional GPCR screens(>165 receptors) show ML417 has limited cross-reactivity with other GPCRs.ML417 also displays superior(compared to the reference compound pramipexole),dose-dependent protection against a decrease in neurite length induced by 10 μmol·L^(-1) of the neurotoxin,6-hydroxydopamine,in the SHSY5 Y cell model.CONCLUSION We have discovered and characterized ML417,a potent and highly selective DRD3 agonist.This compound will be useful as a research tool,and may prove useful as a therapeutic drug lead.展开更多
文摘Xenobiotic drugs and chemicals directly interact with DNA,proteins,or other biomolecules in cells. These direct interactions with molecular targets may trigger a series of downstream effects on metabolic-biochemical and regulatory-signaling networks that can invoke cellular consequences leading to adaptive homeostatic or adverse pathological responses. Regulators for drug and chemicals safety have therefore since long required the testing of toxicity in animal models before drugs and pesticides can enter the market. The US National Research Council of the National Academy of Sciences,in its report,Toxicity Testing in the 21st Century: a Vision and a Strategy [1] ,proposed that toxicity testing should become less reliant on apical endpoints from whole animal tests and eventually rely instead on quantitative,doseresponse models based on information from in vitro assays and in vivo biomarkers,which can be used to screen large numbers of chemicals. The present paper reports about a combination of HTS in vitro assays that can be used to study the potential tumorigenic effect of xenobiotics ( drug targets,environmental chemicals) via a set of"sentinel"genes [2] that are functionally interrelated based on evidence weighted functional linkage network ( FLN ) log-likelihood scores ( Linghu et al [3] ) .
文摘目的建立5-羟色胺2C受体(5-HT_(2C)receptor,5-HT_(2C)R)和增强型绿色荧光蛋白(enhanced green fluorescent protein,EGFP)标记的活化T细胞核因子2(nuclear factor of activated T cells 2,NFAT2)共表达细胞株。方法人源5-HT_(2C)R质粒转染至U2OS-EGFP-NFAT2细胞,经潮霉素(Hygro)压力筛选到稳定表达5-HT_(2C)R的U2OS-EGFP-NFAT2-5-HT_(2C)R细胞。使用RT-qPCR和Western blot法检测该细胞株中5-HT_(2C)R的mRNA和蛋白表达水平;用核转位功能实验验证U2OS-EGFP-NFAT2-5-HT_(2C)R细胞受体功能的特异性;验证5-HT、LSD、DOM、DOI、赛洛西宾(PSI)和利舒脲(LIS)对5-HT_(2C)R的激活能力。结果筛选得到58号细胞为最强激活的U2OS-EGFP-NFAT2-5-HT_(2C)R单克隆细胞株。RT-qPCR和Western blot结果显示,1~15代内,U2OS-EGFP-NFAT2-5-HT_(2C)R细胞株稳定表达5-HT_(2C)R mRNA和蛋白。1~15代内,Vabicaserin对U2OS-EGFP-NFAT2-5-HT_(2C)R细胞株的激活能力稳定,5-HT_(2C)R特异性拮抗剂SB242084能够拮抗Vabicaserin的作用。5-HT、LIS、PSI能诱导U2OS-EGFP-NFAT2-5-HT_(2C)R细胞部分核转位,而LSD、DOM、DOI没有作用。结论成功构建了共表达5-HT_(2C)R和EGFP-NFAT2的U2OS-EGFP-NFAT2-5-HT_(2C)R细胞,可用于靶向5-HT_(2C)R的高活性小分子化合物筛选。
基金supported by National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Intramural Research Program
文摘OBJECTIVE Dopamine receptors(DRs) are involved in the development and treatment of many neuropsychiatric disorders.Currently available dopaminergic drugs modulate both DRD2 and DRD3,leading to side effects and uncertainty as to the roles each DR subtype plays physiologically.Our lab employed high throughput screening paradigms to discover highly selective modulators for the DRD3.METHODS The NIH Molecular Libraries Program 400,000 + small molecule library was screened using the Discove Rx Path Hunter?β-arrestin assay for compounds that activate the DRD3 without effects on the DRD2.Confirmation and counter-screens assessed selectivity and mechanisms of action.We identified 62 potential agonists,and chose the most promising to perform a structure-activity relationship(SAR) study to increase potency while maintaining selectivity.The lead compound identified through this process,ML417,was also characterized using bioluminescence resonance energy transfer(BRET)-based β-arrestin recruitment and G-protein activation assays as well as p-ERK assays.Potential neuroprotective properties of this compound were assessed using a SHSY5 Y neuronal cell model.RESULTS ML417 displays potent,DRD3-selective agonist activity in multiple functional assays.Binding and functional GPCR screens(>165 receptors) show ML417 has limited cross-reactivity with other GPCRs.ML417 also displays superior(compared to the reference compound pramipexole),dose-dependent protection against a decrease in neurite length induced by 10 μmol·L^(-1) of the neurotoxin,6-hydroxydopamine,in the SHSY5 Y cell model.CONCLUSION We have discovered and characterized ML417,a potent and highly selective DRD3 agonist.This compound will be useful as a research tool,and may prove useful as a therapeutic drug lead.
