Reliable dynamic mechanical properties of high nitrogen steels are necessary for the design and assessment of armor structures subject to impact and blast. A series of experiments, based on Hopkinson bar techniques, w...Reliable dynamic mechanical properties of high nitrogen steels are necessary for the design and assessment of armor structures subject to impact and blast. A series of experiments, based on Hopkinson bar techniques, were conducted and described in this study. The dynamic compression, tensile and shear properties of high nitrogen steel had been tested, and the stress-strain curves under high strain rates were obtained. The results have been showed as follows: High nitrogen steel has a remarkable strain rate strengthening effect. Compared to the static curves, the constitutive curves of dynamic tension and compression move upper. The dynamic compressive yield strength of high nitrogen steel increases first and then decreases with the increase of strain rate, and the yield strength varies in the range of 1465-1549 MPa within the range of 1147-2042 s^(-1) strain rate; The tensile strength of high nitrogen steel increases with the increase of strain rate. When the strain rate is greater than 1341 s^(-1), the tensile strength will not increase and the curve tends to be gentle. The pure shear yield strength of the high nitrogen steel is above 800 MPa.展开更多
Ar-N_(2)-O_(2)ternary shielding gas is employed in dissimilar welding between high nitrogen steel and low alloy steel.The effect of O_(2)and N_(2)is investigated based on the systematical analysis of the metal transfe...Ar-N_(2)-O_(2)ternary shielding gas is employed in dissimilar welding between high nitrogen steel and low alloy steel.The effect of O_(2)and N_(2)is investigated based on the systematical analysis of the metal transfer,nitrogen escape phenomenon,weld appearance,nondestructive detection,nitrogen content distribution,microstructure and mechanical properties.There are two nitrogen sources of the nitrogen in the weld:high nitrogen base material and shielding gas.The effect of shielding gas is mainly reflected in these two aspects.The change of the droplet transfer mode affects the fusion ratio,N2in the shielding gas can increase nitrogen content and promote the nitrogen uniform distribution.The addition of 2%O_(2)to Ar matrix can change the metal transfer from globular transfer to spray transfer,high nitrogen base material is thereby dissolved more to the molten pool,making nitrogen content increase,ferrite decrease and the mechanical properties improve.When applying N2-containing shielding gas,arc stability becomes poor and short-circuiting transfer frequency increases due to the nitrogen escape from droplets and the molten pool.Performance of the joints is improved with N_(2)increasing,but internal gas pores are easier to appear because of the poor capacity of low alloy steel to dissolve nitrogen,The generation of pores will greatly reduce the impact resistance.4-8%N2content in shielding gas is recommended in this study considering the integrated properties of the dissimilar welded joint.展开更多
High nitrogen stainless steel with nitrogen content of 0.75%was welded by gas metal arc welding with Ar-N_(2)-O_(2)ternary shielding gas.The effect of the ternary shielding gas on the retention and improvement of nitr...High nitrogen stainless steel with nitrogen content of 0.75%was welded by gas metal arc welding with Ar-N_(2)-O_(2)ternary shielding gas.The effect of the ternary shielding gas on the retention and improvement of nitrogen content in the weld was identified.Surfacing test was conducted first to compare the ability of O_(2)and CO_(2)in prompting nitrogen dissolution.The nitrogen content of the surfacing metal with O_(2)is slightly higher than CO_(2).And then AreN_(2)-O_(2)shielding gas was applied to weld high nitrogen stainless steel.After using N_(2)-containing shielding gas,the nitrogen content of the weld was improved by 0.1 wt%.As N_(2)continued to increase,the increment of nitrogen content was not obvious,but the ferrite decreased from the top to the bottom.When the proportion of N_(2)reached 20%,a full austenitic weld was obtained and the tensile strength was improved by 8.7%.Combined with the results of surfacing test and welding test,it is concluded that the main effect of N_(2)is to inhibit the escape of nitrogen and suppress the nitrogen diffusion from bottom to the top in the molten pool.展开更多
Effects of cold rolling deformation on the microstructure, hardness, and creep behavior of high nitrogen austenitic stainless steel （HNASS） are investigated. Microstructure characterization shows that 70% cold rolli...Effects of cold rolling deformation on the microstructure, hardness, and creep behavior of high nitrogen austenitic stainless steel （HNASS） are investigated. Microstructure characterization shows that 70% cold rolling deformation results in significant refinement of the microstructure of this steel, with its average twin thickness reducing from 6.4 μm to 14 nm. Nanoindentation tests at different strain rates demonstrate that the hardness of the steel with nano-scale twins （nt-HNASS） is about 2 times as high as that of steel with micro-scale twins （mt-HNASS）. The hardness of nt-HNASS exhibits a pronounced strain rate dependence with a strain rate sensitivity （m value） of 0.0319, which is far higher than that of mt-HNASS （m = 0.0029）. nt-HNASS shows more significant load plateaus and a higher creep rate than mt-HNASS. Analysis reveals that higher hardness and larger m value of nt-HNASS arise from stronger strain hardening role, which is caused by the higher storage rate of dislocations and the interactions between dislocations and high density twins. The more significant load plateaus and higher creep rates of nt-HNASS are due to the rapid relaxation of the dislocation structures generated during loading.展开更多
High nitrogen stainless steel(HNS) is a nickel free austenitic stainless steel that is used as a structural component in defence applications for manufacturing battle tanks as a replacement of the existing armour grad...High nitrogen stainless steel(HNS) is a nickel free austenitic stainless steel that is used as a structural component in defence applications for manufacturing battle tanks as a replacement of the existing armour grade steel owing to its low cost, excellent mechanical properties and better corrosion resistance.Conventional fusion welding causes problems like nitrogen desorption, solidification cracking in weld zone, liquation cracking in heat affected zone, nitrogen induced porosity and poor mechanical properties.The above problems can be overcome by proper selection and procedure of joining process. In the present work, an attempt has been made to correlate the microstructural changes with mechanical properties of fusion and solid state welds of high nitrogen steel. Shielded metal arc welding(SMAW), gas tungsten arc welding(GTAW), electron beam welding(EBW) and friction stir welding(FSW) processes were used in the present work. Optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and electron backscatter diffraction were used to characterize microstructural changes. Hardness, tensile and bend tests were performed to evaluate the mechanical properties of welds. The results of the present investigation established that fully austenitic dendritic structure was found in welds of SMAW. Reverted austenite pools in the martensite matrix in weld zone and unmixed zones near the fusion boundary were observed in GTA welds. Discontinuous ferrite network in austenite matrix was observed in electron beam welds.Fine recrystallized austenite grain structure was observed in the nugget zone of friction stir welds.Improved mechanical properties are obtained in friction stir welds when compared to fusion welds. This is attributed to the refined microstructure consisting of equiaxed and homogenous austenite grains.展开更多
The tensile strength and ductility of a high nitrogen nickel-free austenitic stainless steel with solution and cold rolling treatment were investigated by performing tensile tests at different strain rates and at room...The tensile strength and ductility of a high nitrogen nickel-free austenitic stainless steel with solution and cold rolling treatment were investigated by performing tensile tests at different strain rates and at room temperature. The tensile tests demonstrated that this steel exhibits a significant strain rate and cold rolling dependence of the tensile strength and ductility.With the increase of the strain rate from 10^-4s^-1to 1 s^-1, the yield strength and ultimate tensile strength increase and the uniform elongation and total elongation decrease. The analysis of the double logarithmic stress–strain curves showed that this steel exhibits a two-stage strain hardening behavior, which can be well examined and analyzed by using the Ludwigson equation. The strain hardening exponents at low and high strain regions（n2and n1） and the transition strain（εL） decrease with increasing strain rate and the increase of cold rolling RA. Based on the analysis results of the stress–strain curves, the transmission electron microscopy characterization of the microstructure and the scanning electron microscopy observation of the deformation surfaces, the significant strain rate and cold rolling dependence of the strength and ductility of this steel were discussed and connected with the variation in the work hardening and dislocation activity with strain rate and cold rolling.展开更多
The present work is aimed at studying the microstructure and pitting corrosion behaviour of shielded metal arc welded high nitrogen steel made of Cromang-N electrode. Basis for selecting this electrode is to increase ...The present work is aimed at studying the microstructure and pitting corrosion behaviour of shielded metal arc welded high nitrogen steel made of Cromang-N electrode. Basis for selecting this electrode is to increase the solubility of nitrogen in weld metal due to high chromium and manganese content. Microscopic studies were carried out using optical microscopy(OM) and field emission scanning electron microscopy(FESEM). Energy back scattered diffraction(EBSD) method was used to determine the phase analysis, grain size and orientation image mapping. Potentio-dynamic polarization testing was carried out to study the pitting corrosion resistance in aerated 3.5% NaCl environment using a GillAC electrochemical system. The investigation results showed that the selected Cr-Mn-N type electrode resulted in a maximum reduction in delta-ferrite and improvement in pitting corrosion resistance of the weld zone was attributed to the coarse austenite grains owing to the reduction in active sites of the austenite/delta ferrite interface and the decrease in galvanic interaction between austenite and delta-ferrite.展开更多
针对高氮钢增材过程中氮损失及力学性能降低等问题,采用常规脉冲熔化极气保电弧(Pulsed Gas Metal Arc,P-GMA)及在脉冲电流峰值阶段叠加超音频脉冲电流的P-GMA对高氮钢进行电弧增材制造实验,分别制备不同工艺参数下的单道多层高氮钢直壁...针对高氮钢增材过程中氮损失及力学性能降低等问题,采用常规脉冲熔化极气保电弧(Pulsed Gas Metal Arc,P-GMA)及在脉冲电流峰值阶段叠加超音频脉冲电流的P-GMA对高氮钢进行电弧增材制造实验,分别制备不同工艺参数下的单道多层高氮钢直壁体,研究超音频脉冲电流叠加对高氮钢电弧增材制造凝固方式、显微组织演变及力学性能的影响规律。研究结果表明:由于高氮钢在电弧增材过程中存在氮损失现象,不同增材模式下高氮钢金属熔池的凝固模式均由单相奥氏体凝固(A模式)转变为铁素体为先析出相、奥氏体依附铁素体界面析出(FA模式);相比于常规P-GMA,叠加超音频脉冲电流后P-GMA产生的高频超声效应能够提高氮元素的扩散,促进奥氏体相变,限制铁素体枝晶生长;经过对比分析,超音频脉冲电流对铁素体树枝晶Y轴方向的影响大于Z轴方向,对Y轴方向力学性能的影响也大于Z轴方向,当频率为60 kHz时Y轴方向抗拉强度提高了9.9%,屈服强度提高了15.9%。展开更多
针对高氮钢增材制造熔滴过渡过程中氮元素逸出及飞溅问题,进行超音频脉冲熔化极气体保护(Ultrasonic Frequency Pulsed Gas Metal Arc,UFP-GMA)增材制造熔滴过渡试验,研究不同超音频脉冲电流叠加模式和脉冲电流频率对高氮钢熔滴过渡稳...针对高氮钢增材制造熔滴过渡过程中氮元素逸出及飞溅问题,进行超音频脉冲熔化极气体保护(Ultrasonic Frequency Pulsed Gas Metal Arc,UFP-GMA)增材制造熔滴过渡试验,研究不同超音频脉冲电流叠加模式和脉冲电流频率对高氮钢熔滴过渡稳定性的影响,获取能够实现高氮钢增材稳定熔滴过渡的工艺参数。试验结果表明:在脉冲熔化极气体保护(Pulsed Gas Metal Arc,P-GMA)增材工艺条件下可以实现一脉一滴过渡,但是过渡稳定性较差,飞溅明显;在P-GMA基值阶段或基值和峰值阶段都叠加超音频脉冲电流均不利于熔滴过渡,容易出现短路、熔滴爆炸等问题;在P-GMA峰值阶段叠加低频(20 kHz)脉冲电流时,对熔滴过渡影响较弱,叠加中频(40~60 kHz)脉冲电流能抑制高氮钢熔滴过渡中大颗粒飞溅生成,提高熔滴过渡稳定性,但是当频率超过60 kHz时在过渡中会形成许多小飞溅。展开更多
为提升高氮钢焊接质量和优化焊接工艺,研究焊丝氮、锰含量带来的焊接工艺稳定性。采用冷金属过渡加脉冲(Cold Metal Transfer plus Pulse,CMT+P)焊技术对5种高氮钢焊丝进行焊接试验,研究焊丝成分对电信号、熔滴过渡、飞溅率的影响。研...为提升高氮钢焊接质量和优化焊接工艺,研究焊丝氮、锰含量带来的焊接工艺稳定性。采用冷金属过渡加脉冲(Cold Metal Transfer plus Pulse,CMT+P)焊技术对5种高氮钢焊丝进行焊接试验,研究焊丝成分对电信号、熔滴过渡、飞溅率的影响。研究结果表明:氮含量的增加会引起电信号波动变大且分布离散,而锰含量的变化对电信号的影响较小,焊丝中氮含量对高氮钢CMT+P焊接稳定性影响大于锰含量的影响;随着氮含量的增加,熔滴过渡模式由一脉一滴转变为多脉一滴,熔滴形状不规律且尺寸变大,焊丝工艺性变差;当焊丝中氮、锰含量较小,分别为0.42%、7.19%时,焊接工艺稳定性较好;氮逸出、锰蒸发导致高氮钢熔滴剧烈爆炸产生大量飞溅,焊接飞溅率随着氮、锰含量的增加而不断增大。展开更多
基于第一性原理研究 M(M =Ti,V,Cr,Mn,Co和Ni)掺杂α-Fe(N)的结合能、电子结构及力学性能。计算结果表明,Ti和V优先占据晶胞的顶角位置,Cr和Mn优先占据晶胞的体心位置,Co和Ni与N不相邻时结构最稳定。Ti与V的掺杂加强了晶胞的稳定性,Cr,...基于第一性原理研究 M(M =Ti,V,Cr,Mn,Co和Ni)掺杂α-Fe(N)的结合能、电子结构及力学性能。计算结果表明,Ti和V优先占据晶胞的顶角位置,Cr和Mn优先占据晶胞的体心位置,Co和Ni与N不相邻时结构最稳定。Ti与V的掺杂加强了晶胞的稳定性,Cr, Mn与Ni的掺杂削弱了晶胞的稳定性,Co的掺杂不影响晶胞的稳定性。这些过渡金属在α-Fe晶胞中均存在金属键和离子键的共同作用,成键轨道主要来自 M 3d, Fe4s3p3d与N2p。与纯α-Fe体系相比,掺杂体系刚性均变强,经计算可得α-Fe(N)-V体系的弹性模量 E 、剪切模量 G 和体积模量 B 均为最大值,即掺杂V可显著提高材料的力学性能,V是最有效的固氮元素,与高氮钢冶炼的实验结果相吻合。展开更多
文摘Reliable dynamic mechanical properties of high nitrogen steels are necessary for the design and assessment of armor structures subject to impact and blast. A series of experiments, based on Hopkinson bar techniques, were conducted and described in this study. The dynamic compression, tensile and shear properties of high nitrogen steel had been tested, and the stress-strain curves under high strain rates were obtained. The results have been showed as follows: High nitrogen steel has a remarkable strain rate strengthening effect. Compared to the static curves, the constitutive curves of dynamic tension and compression move upper. The dynamic compressive yield strength of high nitrogen steel increases first and then decreases with the increase of strain rate, and the yield strength varies in the range of 1465-1549 MPa within the range of 1147-2042 s^(-1) strain rate; The tensile strength of high nitrogen steel increases with the increase of strain rate. When the strain rate is greater than 1341 s^(-1), the tensile strength will not increase and the curve tends to be gentle. The pure shear yield strength of the high nitrogen steel is above 800 MPa.
文摘Ar-N_(2)-O_(2)ternary shielding gas is employed in dissimilar welding between high nitrogen steel and low alloy steel.The effect of O_(2)and N_(2)is investigated based on the systematical analysis of the metal transfer,nitrogen escape phenomenon,weld appearance,nondestructive detection,nitrogen content distribution,microstructure and mechanical properties.There are two nitrogen sources of the nitrogen in the weld:high nitrogen base material and shielding gas.The effect of shielding gas is mainly reflected in these two aspects.The change of the droplet transfer mode affects the fusion ratio,N2in the shielding gas can increase nitrogen content and promote the nitrogen uniform distribution.The addition of 2%O_(2)to Ar matrix can change the metal transfer from globular transfer to spray transfer,high nitrogen base material is thereby dissolved more to the molten pool,making nitrogen content increase,ferrite decrease and the mechanical properties improve.When applying N2-containing shielding gas,arc stability becomes poor and short-circuiting transfer frequency increases due to the nitrogen escape from droplets and the molten pool.Performance of the joints is improved with N_(2)increasing,but internal gas pores are easier to appear because of the poor capacity of low alloy steel to dissolve nitrogen,The generation of pores will greatly reduce the impact resistance.4-8%N2content in shielding gas is recommended in this study considering the integrated properties of the dissimilar welded joint.
文摘High nitrogen stainless steel with nitrogen content of 0.75%was welded by gas metal arc welding with Ar-N_(2)-O_(2)ternary shielding gas.The effect of the ternary shielding gas on the retention and improvement of nitrogen content in the weld was identified.Surfacing test was conducted first to compare the ability of O_(2)and CO_(2)in prompting nitrogen dissolution.The nitrogen content of the surfacing metal with O_(2)is slightly higher than CO_(2).And then AreN_(2)-O_(2)shielding gas was applied to weld high nitrogen stainless steel.After using N_(2)-containing shielding gas,the nitrogen content of the weld was improved by 0.1 wt%.As N_(2)continued to increase,the increment of nitrogen content was not obvious,but the ferrite decreased from the top to the bottom.When the proportion of N_(2)reached 20%,a full austenitic weld was obtained and the tensile strength was improved by 8.7%.Combined with the results of surfacing test and welding test,it is concluded that the main effect of N_(2)is to inhibit the escape of nitrogen and suppress the nitrogen diffusion from bottom to the top in the molten pool.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundations of China (Grant Nos.51371089 and 51201068)the National Key Basic Research and Development Program of China (Grant No.2010CB631001)
文摘Effects of cold rolling deformation on the microstructure, hardness, and creep behavior of high nitrogen austenitic stainless steel （HNASS） are investigated. Microstructure characterization shows that 70% cold rolling deformation results in significant refinement of the microstructure of this steel, with its average twin thickness reducing from 6.4 μm to 14 nm. Nanoindentation tests at different strain rates demonstrate that the hardness of the steel with nano-scale twins （nt-HNASS） is about 2 times as high as that of steel with micro-scale twins （mt-HNASS）. The hardness of nt-HNASS exhibits a pronounced strain rate dependence with a strain rate sensitivity （m value） of 0.0319, which is far higher than that of mt-HNASS （m = 0.0029）. nt-HNASS shows more significant load plateaus and a higher creep rate than mt-HNASS. Analysis reveals that higher hardness and larger m value of nt-HNASS arise from stronger strain hardening role, which is caused by the higher storage rate of dislocations and the interactions between dislocations and high density twins. The more significant load plateaus and higher creep rates of nt-HNASS are due to the rapid relaxation of the dislocation structures generated during loading.
文摘High nitrogen stainless steel(HNS) is a nickel free austenitic stainless steel that is used as a structural component in defence applications for manufacturing battle tanks as a replacement of the existing armour grade steel owing to its low cost, excellent mechanical properties and better corrosion resistance.Conventional fusion welding causes problems like nitrogen desorption, solidification cracking in weld zone, liquation cracking in heat affected zone, nitrogen induced porosity and poor mechanical properties.The above problems can be overcome by proper selection and procedure of joining process. In the present work, an attempt has been made to correlate the microstructural changes with mechanical properties of fusion and solid state welds of high nitrogen steel. Shielded metal arc welding(SMAW), gas tungsten arc welding(GTAW), electron beam welding(EBW) and friction stir welding(FSW) processes were used in the present work. Optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and electron backscatter diffraction were used to characterize microstructural changes. Hardness, tensile and bend tests were performed to evaluate the mechanical properties of welds. The results of the present investigation established that fully austenitic dendritic structure was found in welds of SMAW. Reverted austenite pools in the martensite matrix in weld zone and unmixed zones near the fusion boundary were observed in GTA welds. Discontinuous ferrite network in austenite matrix was observed in electron beam welds.Fine recrystallized austenite grain structure was observed in the nugget zone of friction stir welds.Improved mechanical properties are obtained in friction stir welds when compared to fusion welds. This is attributed to the refined microstructure consisting of equiaxed and homogenous austenite grains.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundations of China(Grant Nos.51371089 and 51401083)
文摘The tensile strength and ductility of a high nitrogen nickel-free austenitic stainless steel with solution and cold rolling treatment were investigated by performing tensile tests at different strain rates and at room temperature. The tensile tests demonstrated that this steel exhibits a significant strain rate and cold rolling dependence of the tensile strength and ductility.With the increase of the strain rate from 10^-4s^-1to 1 s^-1, the yield strength and ultimate tensile strength increase and the uniform elongation and total elongation decrease. The analysis of the double logarithmic stress–strain curves showed that this steel exhibits a two-stage strain hardening behavior, which can be well examined and analyzed by using the Ludwigson equation. The strain hardening exponents at low and high strain regions（n2and n1） and the transition strain（εL） decrease with increasing strain rate and the increase of cold rolling RA. Based on the analysis results of the stress–strain curves, the transmission electron microscopy characterization of the microstructure and the scanning electron microscopy observation of the deformation surfaces, the significant strain rate and cold rolling dependence of the strength and ductility of this steel were discussed and connected with the variation in the work hardening and dislocation activity with strain rate and cold rolling.
文摘The present work is aimed at studying the microstructure and pitting corrosion behaviour of shielded metal arc welded high nitrogen steel made of Cromang-N electrode. Basis for selecting this electrode is to increase the solubility of nitrogen in weld metal due to high chromium and manganese content. Microscopic studies were carried out using optical microscopy(OM) and field emission scanning electron microscopy(FESEM). Energy back scattered diffraction(EBSD) method was used to determine the phase analysis, grain size and orientation image mapping. Potentio-dynamic polarization testing was carried out to study the pitting corrosion resistance in aerated 3.5% NaCl environment using a GillAC electrochemical system. The investigation results showed that the selected Cr-Mn-N type electrode resulted in a maximum reduction in delta-ferrite and improvement in pitting corrosion resistance of the weld zone was attributed to the coarse austenite grains owing to the reduction in active sites of the austenite/delta ferrite interface and the decrease in galvanic interaction between austenite and delta-ferrite.
文摘针对高氮钢增材过程中氮损失及力学性能降低等问题,采用常规脉冲熔化极气保电弧(Pulsed Gas Metal Arc,P-GMA)及在脉冲电流峰值阶段叠加超音频脉冲电流的P-GMA对高氮钢进行电弧增材制造实验,分别制备不同工艺参数下的单道多层高氮钢直壁体,研究超音频脉冲电流叠加对高氮钢电弧增材制造凝固方式、显微组织演变及力学性能的影响规律。研究结果表明:由于高氮钢在电弧增材过程中存在氮损失现象,不同增材模式下高氮钢金属熔池的凝固模式均由单相奥氏体凝固(A模式)转变为铁素体为先析出相、奥氏体依附铁素体界面析出(FA模式);相比于常规P-GMA,叠加超音频脉冲电流后P-GMA产生的高频超声效应能够提高氮元素的扩散,促进奥氏体相变,限制铁素体枝晶生长;经过对比分析,超音频脉冲电流对铁素体树枝晶Y轴方向的影响大于Z轴方向,对Y轴方向力学性能的影响也大于Z轴方向,当频率为60 kHz时Y轴方向抗拉强度提高了9.9%,屈服强度提高了15.9%。
文摘针对高氮钢增材制造熔滴过渡过程中氮元素逸出及飞溅问题,进行超音频脉冲熔化极气体保护(Ultrasonic Frequency Pulsed Gas Metal Arc,UFP-GMA)增材制造熔滴过渡试验,研究不同超音频脉冲电流叠加模式和脉冲电流频率对高氮钢熔滴过渡稳定性的影响,获取能够实现高氮钢增材稳定熔滴过渡的工艺参数。试验结果表明:在脉冲熔化极气体保护(Pulsed Gas Metal Arc,P-GMA)增材工艺条件下可以实现一脉一滴过渡,但是过渡稳定性较差,飞溅明显;在P-GMA基值阶段或基值和峰值阶段都叠加超音频脉冲电流均不利于熔滴过渡,容易出现短路、熔滴爆炸等问题;在P-GMA峰值阶段叠加低频(20 kHz)脉冲电流时,对熔滴过渡影响较弱,叠加中频(40~60 kHz)脉冲电流能抑制高氮钢熔滴过渡中大颗粒飞溅生成,提高熔滴过渡稳定性,但是当频率超过60 kHz时在过渡中会形成许多小飞溅。
文摘为提升高氮钢焊接质量和优化焊接工艺,研究焊丝氮、锰含量带来的焊接工艺稳定性。采用冷金属过渡加脉冲(Cold Metal Transfer plus Pulse,CMT+P)焊技术对5种高氮钢焊丝进行焊接试验,研究焊丝成分对电信号、熔滴过渡、飞溅率的影响。研究结果表明:氮含量的增加会引起电信号波动变大且分布离散,而锰含量的变化对电信号的影响较小,焊丝中氮含量对高氮钢CMT+P焊接稳定性影响大于锰含量的影响;随着氮含量的增加,熔滴过渡模式由一脉一滴转变为多脉一滴,熔滴形状不规律且尺寸变大,焊丝工艺性变差;当焊丝中氮、锰含量较小,分别为0.42%、7.19%时,焊接工艺稳定性较好;氮逸出、锰蒸发导致高氮钢熔滴剧烈爆炸产生大量飞溅,焊接飞溅率随着氮、锰含量的增加而不断增大。
文摘基于第一性原理研究 M(M =Ti,V,Cr,Mn,Co和Ni)掺杂α-Fe(N)的结合能、电子结构及力学性能。计算结果表明,Ti和V优先占据晶胞的顶角位置,Cr和Mn优先占据晶胞的体心位置,Co和Ni与N不相邻时结构最稳定。Ti与V的掺杂加强了晶胞的稳定性,Cr, Mn与Ni的掺杂削弱了晶胞的稳定性,Co的掺杂不影响晶胞的稳定性。这些过渡金属在α-Fe晶胞中均存在金属键和离子键的共同作用,成键轨道主要来自 M 3d, Fe4s3p3d与N2p。与纯α-Fe体系相比,掺杂体系刚性均变强,经计算可得α-Fe(N)-V体系的弹性模量 E 、剪切模量 G 和体积模量 B 均为最大值,即掺杂V可显著提高材料的力学性能,V是最有效的固氮元素,与高氮钢冶炼的实验结果相吻合。
