Soil erosion induced by inappropriate tillage remains a serious problem on many agricultural fields in the humid tropics. Studies were conducted between 2004 and 2006, on an Alfisol in Ogbomoso in the Southern Guinea ...Soil erosion induced by inappropriate tillage remains a serious problem on many agricultural fields in the humid tropics. Studies were conducted between 2004 and 2006, on an Alfisol in Ogbomoso in the Southern Guinea Savanna of Nigeria to evaluate the effectiveness of Vetiver Grass(Vetiveria nigritana) Strips(VGS) under different tillage systems. The experiment was split-plot laid out in a randomized complete block design with two replications on 6% slope with 18 runoff plots. Main plot treatments were tillage systems; Manual Clearing(MC), Ploughing(P) and Ploughing plus Harrowing(PH). Subplot treatments were VGS spaced at intervals of 5 m(eight strips) and 10 m(four strips) with the control(no-vetiver). Runoffs and soil losses were collected after each major storm. Chemical analyses of eroded sediments and runoff were determined. Data were analyzed using ANOVA at p<0.05. The results showed that tillage had no significant reduction in runoffs and soil losses, but they were reduced with MC compared with P and PH. Mean total runoff on 5 and 10 m VGS plots were significantly(p<0.05) lower than that of the control by 74.4% and 45.0%, respectively. Corresponding soils loss on 5 and 10 m VGS plots were 27.1% and 53.5%, respectively. Mean NO3-N levels in runoff water were lower under PH plots than those under MC plots by 79.0% and 66.5%, respectively in 2004 and 2006 growing seasons. VGS spaced at 5 m significantly(p<0.05) reduced NO3-N loss than the control by 108.8% in 2004. Nutrients loads of eroded sediments were consistently higher for the control(no-vetiver) plots and least for 5 m VGS plot. Carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus contents of eroded sediments were 90%-92.4%, 83%-83.6% and 97%-97.8%, respectively, and were lower on 5 m than other treatments. Maize grain yield was significantly(p<0.05) affected by both tillage and VGS spacing only in 2005 growing season. P plot produced higher grain yield than MC and PH by 79.9% and 99.1%, respectively. Also, grain yield on VGS plot was significantly(p<0.05) higher on 5 and 10 m VGS plots than the control by 82.2% and 85.4%, respectively. The significant beneficial effect of PH in producing higher yields was dwarfed by the potential danger of soil erosion in the absence of a soil erosion control measure. The results showed that a balance needed to be struck between mechanical clearance and protective measure against soil erosion.展开更多
为探究果园生草技术的实践应用效果以及其在生态效益提升方面的作用,收集了1995-2024年发表的81篇文献,应用整合分析的方法,评估生草对果园增肥、固碳和增产提质效益的影响,并从生草类型、生草年限、气温、降雨、海拔五个方面分析和对...为探究果园生草技术的实践应用效果以及其在生态效益提升方面的作用,收集了1995-2024年发表的81篇文献,应用整合分析的方法,评估生草对果园增肥、固碳和增产提质效益的影响,并从生草类型、生草年限、气温、降雨、海拔五个方面分析和对比了不同条件下果园生草生态效益的变化。整合分析结果表明:1)涉及的果园草物种类型有40个,隶属5科,其中豆科(16种)、禾本科(16种)为主要科属,占物种总数的80.0%,生草的主要品种有白三叶草(27.4%)、黑麦草(12.4%)、紫花苜蓿(6.2%)、毛叶苕子(4.9%)。2)生草具有显著的增肥效益,可使果园土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾含量分别平均增加27.3%、27.4%、25.8%和23.3%。3)生草果园平均草固碳量为8.86 t hm^(-2)a^(-1),土壤和果实固氮量分别较清耕果园增加为2.14 t hm^(-2)a^(-1)和1.42 t hm^(-2)a^(-1)。4)生草使单位面积产量、单果重、可溶性固形物分别平均增加20.9%、9.3%和9.6%,可滴定酸降低4.9%。5)种植豆科草类有利于增肥和固碳,禾本科草类则促进增产提质,且效益提升幅度随生草年限增加。6)年平均气温在10-20℃、年降水量介于400-800 mm、海拔处于400-800 m区间的自然条件下区域,有利于生草果园生态效益的发挥。研究结果为果园生草技术的优化和推广提供了科学依据,可指导果园管理者精准调整生草策略,以实现果园生态与经济效益的协调提升。展开更多
文摘Soil erosion induced by inappropriate tillage remains a serious problem on many agricultural fields in the humid tropics. Studies were conducted between 2004 and 2006, on an Alfisol in Ogbomoso in the Southern Guinea Savanna of Nigeria to evaluate the effectiveness of Vetiver Grass(Vetiveria nigritana) Strips(VGS) under different tillage systems. The experiment was split-plot laid out in a randomized complete block design with two replications on 6% slope with 18 runoff plots. Main plot treatments were tillage systems; Manual Clearing(MC), Ploughing(P) and Ploughing plus Harrowing(PH). Subplot treatments were VGS spaced at intervals of 5 m(eight strips) and 10 m(four strips) with the control(no-vetiver). Runoffs and soil losses were collected after each major storm. Chemical analyses of eroded sediments and runoff were determined. Data were analyzed using ANOVA at p<0.05. The results showed that tillage had no significant reduction in runoffs and soil losses, but they were reduced with MC compared with P and PH. Mean total runoff on 5 and 10 m VGS plots were significantly(p<0.05) lower than that of the control by 74.4% and 45.0%, respectively. Corresponding soils loss on 5 and 10 m VGS plots were 27.1% and 53.5%, respectively. Mean NO3-N levels in runoff water were lower under PH plots than those under MC plots by 79.0% and 66.5%, respectively in 2004 and 2006 growing seasons. VGS spaced at 5 m significantly(p<0.05) reduced NO3-N loss than the control by 108.8% in 2004. Nutrients loads of eroded sediments were consistently higher for the control(no-vetiver) plots and least for 5 m VGS plot. Carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus contents of eroded sediments were 90%-92.4%, 83%-83.6% and 97%-97.8%, respectively, and were lower on 5 m than other treatments. Maize grain yield was significantly(p<0.05) affected by both tillage and VGS spacing only in 2005 growing season. P plot produced higher grain yield than MC and PH by 79.9% and 99.1%, respectively. Also, grain yield on VGS plot was significantly(p<0.05) higher on 5 and 10 m VGS plots than the control by 82.2% and 85.4%, respectively. The significant beneficial effect of PH in producing higher yields was dwarfed by the potential danger of soil erosion in the absence of a soil erosion control measure. The results showed that a balance needed to be struck between mechanical clearance and protective measure against soil erosion.
文摘为探究果园生草技术的实践应用效果以及其在生态效益提升方面的作用,收集了1995-2024年发表的81篇文献,应用整合分析的方法,评估生草对果园增肥、固碳和增产提质效益的影响,并从生草类型、生草年限、气温、降雨、海拔五个方面分析和对比了不同条件下果园生草生态效益的变化。整合分析结果表明:1)涉及的果园草物种类型有40个,隶属5科,其中豆科(16种)、禾本科(16种)为主要科属,占物种总数的80.0%,生草的主要品种有白三叶草(27.4%)、黑麦草(12.4%)、紫花苜蓿(6.2%)、毛叶苕子(4.9%)。2)生草具有显著的增肥效益,可使果园土壤有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾含量分别平均增加27.3%、27.4%、25.8%和23.3%。3)生草果园平均草固碳量为8.86 t hm^(-2)a^(-1),土壤和果实固氮量分别较清耕果园增加为2.14 t hm^(-2)a^(-1)和1.42 t hm^(-2)a^(-1)。4)生草使单位面积产量、单果重、可溶性固形物分别平均增加20.9%、9.3%和9.6%,可滴定酸降低4.9%。5)种植豆科草类有利于增肥和固碳,禾本科草类则促进增产提质,且效益提升幅度随生草年限增加。6)年平均气温在10-20℃、年降水量介于400-800 mm、海拔处于400-800 m区间的自然条件下区域,有利于生草果园生态效益的发挥。研究结果为果园生草技术的优化和推广提供了科学依据,可指导果园管理者精准调整生草策略,以实现果园生态与经济效益的协调提升。
