Aim Clopidogrel therapy is associated with a substantial variability in pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) responses. To date, known gene variants explain only a small proportion of the variabili- ty....Aim Clopidogrel therapy is associated with a substantial variability in pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) responses. To date, known gene variants explain only a small proportion of the variabili- ty. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) was conducted to identify new genetic loci modifying PD responses to clopidogrel in Chinese patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). The initial GWAS by combination analysis of PIL/PD included 115 patients with CHD. The PK validation included 31 patients with CHD and the metabolizing functional validation included 32 human liver tissues. We identified novel variants in two transporter genes ( rs12456693 in SLC14A2 and kgpl 1138762 in ABCA1 ) and in N6AMT1 (rs2254638) associated with not only clo- pidogrel on-treated P2Y12 reaction unit (PRU) (P 〈 1 × 10^-4) , but also plasma clopidogrel active metabolite H4 concentration (P 〈 1 × 10^-2). The significant association between rs12456693, kgpl 1138762, or rs2254638 and PK parameters of clopidogrel (P 〈 1 × 10^-2) was observed in additional CHD patients. Further, the N6AMT1 rs2254638 T variant was found to be associated decreased activation of clopidogrel (P -3.86 × 10^-2). The new variants in N6AMT1 and ABCA1, together with CYP2C19 * 2, dramatically improve the predictability of PRU varia- bility to 37.7% compared with the published value of approximately 20%. The present study identifies novel genet- ic loci modifying PIL/PD responses to clopidogrel, which contributes to a better understanding of the absorption and metabolic mechanisms that influence PD responses to clopidogrel treatment.展开更多
OBJECTIVE Genetic variants in the pharmacokinetic(PK)mechanism are the main underlying factors that modify the antiplatelet efficacy of clopidogrel.Hence,joint analysis of genetic variants that modify pharmacodynamic(...OBJECTIVE Genetic variants in the pharmacokinetic(PK)mechanism are the main underlying factors that modify the antiplatelet efficacy of clopidogrel.Hence,joint analysis of genetic variants that modify pharmacodynamic(PD)and PK responses to clopidogrel should be effective for identifying the genetic variants affecting the antiplatelet response to the drug.METHODS A genome-wide association study was conducted to identify new genetic loci that modify PD responses to clopidogrel and its active metabolite H4 in 115 Chinese patients with coronary heart disease(CHD).RESULTS We identified novel variants in two transporter genes(rs12456693 in SLC14A2 and rs2487032 in ABCA1)and in N6AMT1(rs2254638)associated with clopidogrel-treated P2Y12reaction unit(PRU)and plasma H4 concentration.The associations between these single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)and PK parameters of clopidogrel and H4 were observed in 31 additional CHD patients(P<0.05).The new variants,together with CYP2C19*2 and clinical factors,dramatically improved the predictability of PRU variability to 37.7%compared with the published value of approximately 20%.The function of these SNPs on the activation of clopidogrel was validated in 32 liver S9 fractions,and the N6AMT1 rs2254638 T variant was found to be associated with decreased formation of H4(P=0.0386).Meanwhile,N6AMT1 rs2254638 was further identified to exert a marginal risk effect for MACE in an independent CHD patient cohort(OR:1.428,95%CI:0.978-2.086,P=0.0653,FDR=0.4726).In conclusion,we systematically identified new genetic variants as risk factors for the reduced efficacy of clopidogrel.CONCLUSION Our study findings enhanced the understanding of the absorption and metabolic mechanisms that influence PD responses to clopidogrel treatment.展开更多
为研究哺乳仔猪抗腹泻的遗传因素和通路,通过对640头腹泻仔猪进行采样和统计分析,选取其中600个样本,包括大白猪453头、长白猪105头和杜洛克猪42头进行低深度重测序(1×),对测序结果质控后开展全基因组关联分析(genome-wide associa...为研究哺乳仔猪抗腹泻的遗传因素和通路,通过对640头腹泻仔猪进行采样和统计分析,选取其中600个样本,包括大白猪453头、长白猪105头和杜洛克猪42头进行低深度重测序(1×),对测序结果质控后开展全基因组关联分析(genome-wide association study,GWAS),在大白猪和长白猪中分别筛选出42个和107个显著SNPs,这些位点上下游20 kb区域分别涉及32个和82个基因,对这些基因进行GO和KEGG富集分析,最终分别确定了6个(PLA2G4A、C1RL、PTPN6、C1R、PPP1R12A和GRID2)和8个(DAPK1、TMC8、ITM2C、CHMP4B、CAST、PDE4D、HSPA4和GRID2)可能与哺乳仔猪腹泻性状相关的重要候选基因,其中GRID2在大白猪和长白猪中同时被筛选到。结果表明,仔猪腹泻性状候选基因与细胞凋亡、免疫、细胞屏障和物质的跨膜运输相关功能有关。展开更多
旨在检测豫农黑猪全基因组拷贝数变异(copy number variations,CNVs),鉴定豫农黑猪生长相关性状候选基因。本研究收集了豫农黑猪2~5世代种群的生长相关性状数据(包括体长、体高、胸围、管围、腿臀围、背膘厚和眼肌深度),共807头猪(母猪...旨在检测豫农黑猪全基因组拷贝数变异(copy number variations,CNVs),鉴定豫农黑猪生长相关性状候选基因。本研究收集了豫农黑猪2~5世代种群的生长相关性状数据(包括体长、体高、胸围、管围、腿臀围、背膘厚和眼肌深度),共807头猪(母猪738头,公猪69头),体重范围为95~105 kg。随后采集该试验群体耳组织样本利用中芯一号50K SNP芯片进行基因分型,并使用PennCNV软件对基因型数据进行CNV检测,通过重叠CNV融合法构建拷贝数变异区域(copy number variable regions,CNVRs)图谱。而后使用Plink软件对生长相关性状进行CNV的全基因组关联分析(genome-wide association study,GWAS)。结果,在18条常染色体上共鉴定到1432个CNVs,合并为232个CNVRs,其中CNV大小范围为2.7 kb至2.2 Mb,CNVR大小范围为4.5 kb至2.2 Mb,共覆盖56.4 Mb,占常染色体基因组的2.50%。通过GWAS分析,发现1个CNV在全基因组水平上与胸围性状显著相关,7个CNV在染色体水平上分别与胸围、管围和背膘厚性状显著相关,胸围性状中显著性最高的CNV也与管围性状显著相关。其中,位于17号染色体上的CLDN 23基因与背膘厚显著相关,推测其可能在肌肉发育或脂肪沉积中起重要调控作用。本研究结果为豫农黑猪基因组CNV的功能提供新见解,并为进一步分子标记辅助选择在豫农黑猪新品种培育中提供了重要的理论支持。展开更多
全基因组关联分析(GWAS)是一种通过对大规模样本集合进行基因型和表型数据的比较分析,寻找与特定性状相关的遗传变异的方法。随着高通量测序技术、生物信息学技术和统计学方法的不断发展,一些频率更小的遗传变异或小分子物质能够被更加...全基因组关联分析(GWAS)是一种通过对大规模样本集合进行基因型和表型数据的比较分析,寻找与特定性状相关的遗传变异的方法。随着高通量测序技术、生物信息学技术和统计学方法的不断发展,一些频率更小的遗传变异或小分子物质能够被更加精准和经济的方式检测。基于技术进步衍生出GWAS的扩展方法,为畜禽精准育种和遗传改良提供了新的思路,其中包括基于拷贝数变异(copy number variation,CNV)、结构变异(structural variation,SV)和串联重复序列(tandem repeats,TR)的GWAS和基于单倍型、基因表达和代谢组的GWAS。研究人员期望利用不同分子标记以提供更全面和详细的遗传变异信息来增加GWAS的解释性和准确性,或通过结合其他类型的数据来进一步解释和深化GWAS的结果,从而深入研究遗传变异与性状之间联系并确定影响复杂性状的关键基因。作者介绍了基于不同分子标记的GWAS在畜禽研究当中的应用并对其结果进行讨论,分析了不同方法的优势与可行性,为进一步推动GWAS在畜禽研究中的应用,精准育种和遗传改良提供更多的思路和支持。展开更多
全基因组关联分析(genome wide association study,GWAS)是利用全基因组范围内筛选出高密度的分子标记对所研究的群体进行扫描,分析扫描得出的分子标记数据与表型性状之间关联关系的方法。GWAS的出现为全面系统地研究基因组学掀开了新...全基因组关联分析(genome wide association study,GWAS)是利用全基因组范围内筛选出高密度的分子标记对所研究的群体进行扫描,分析扫描得出的分子标记数据与表型性状之间关联关系的方法。GWAS的出现为全面系统地研究基因组学掀开了新的一页,目前主要应用于人类疾病复杂性状的分析,已鉴定出大量与人类复杂疾病或数量性状相关的遗传变异,成为研究人类基因组学的关键手段。在植物基因组中的研究应用虽刚刚起步,但也取得了良好的效果,应用GWAS发掘植物复杂数量性状基因、为植物分子育种提供依据已成为国际植物基因组学研究的热点。然而,GWAS的结果还存在一些问题,并非早期预测和想象的那样简单。现针对GWAS的特点,对其在人类基因组和植物基因组中的应用及其未来发展进行综述。展开更多
全基因组关联研究(Genome-wide association study,GWAS)是人类复杂疾病研究的重要组成部分之一,在群体水平检测全基因组范围的遗传变异与可观测性状间的遗传关联。传统的GWAS是以芯片(Array)技术获得高密度的遗传变异,尽管硕果累累,但...全基因组关联研究(Genome-wide association study,GWAS)是人类复杂疾病研究的重要组成部分之一,在群体水平检测全基因组范围的遗传变异与可观测性状间的遗传关联。传统的GWAS是以芯片(Array)技术获得高密度的遗传变异,尽管硕果累累,但也存在不少问题。如:所谓的"缺失的遗传力",即利用关联分析检测达到全基因组水平显著的遗传变异位点只能解释小部分遗传力;在某些性状上不同研究的结果一致性较弱;显著关联的遗传变异位点的功能较难解释等。高通量测序技术,也称第二代测序(Next-generation sequencing,NGS)技术,可以快速、准确地产出高通量的变异位点数据,为解决以上问题提供了可行的方案。基于NGS技术的GWAS方法(NGS-GWAS)可在一定程度上弥补传统GWAS的不足。文章对NGS-GWAS策略和方法进行了系统性调研,提出了目前较为可行的NGS-GWAS的实施策略和方法,并对NGS-GWAS如何应用于个体化医疗(Personalized medicine,PM)进行了展望。展开更多
稻瘟病是水稻重要病害之一,严重影响水稻的产量与品质。培育抗性品种是防治稻瘟病最经济、环保的方式。稻瘟病抗性基因的鉴定与挖掘是开展抗病育种的基础与前提。本课题组前期对419份广西水稻地方品种核心种质进行简化基因组测序,获得20...稻瘟病是水稻重要病害之一,严重影响水稻的产量与品质。培育抗性品种是防治稻瘟病最经济、环保的方式。稻瘟病抗性基因的鉴定与挖掘是开展抗病育种的基础与前提。本课题组前期对419份广西水稻地方品种核心种质进行简化基因组测序,获得208,993个高质量SNP标记。本研究采用苗期喷雾接种方法,研究了该419份核心种质对7个稻瘟病生理小种的抗性,并根据表型和基因型数据,利用一般线性模型(general linear model,GLM)和混合线性模型(mixed linear model,MLM)进行全基因组关联分析。2种模型下共检测到20个位点,其中GLM检测到20个位点,MLM检测到1个位点,Chr12_10803913位点在2种模型下都检测到。17个位点与前人定位的基因/QTLs重叠,其余3个是新位点,分别为Chr3_18302718、Chr3_18302744及Chr5_10379127位点。在20个显著关联位点上下游各150 kb的基因组区域中共筛选出候选基因323个,初步确定8个候选基因与抗病相关,其中LOC_Os12g18360(Pita)、LOC_Os12g18729(Ptr)为已知克隆的基因,LOC_Os03g32100、LOC_Os03g32180和LOC_Os05g18090为新位点附近筛选到的候选基因。本研究结果为稻瘟病抗性位点挖掘与稻瘟病相关基因克隆提供了科学依据。展开更多
文摘Aim Clopidogrel therapy is associated with a substantial variability in pharmacokinetics (PK) and pharmacodynamics (PD) responses. To date, known gene variants explain only a small proportion of the variabili- ty. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) was conducted to identify new genetic loci modifying PD responses to clopidogrel in Chinese patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). The initial GWAS by combination analysis of PIL/PD included 115 patients with CHD. The PK validation included 31 patients with CHD and the metabolizing functional validation included 32 human liver tissues. We identified novel variants in two transporter genes ( rs12456693 in SLC14A2 and kgpl 1138762 in ABCA1 ) and in N6AMT1 (rs2254638) associated with not only clo- pidogrel on-treated P2Y12 reaction unit (PRU) (P 〈 1 × 10^-4) , but also plasma clopidogrel active metabolite H4 concentration (P 〈 1 × 10^-2). The significant association between rs12456693, kgpl 1138762, or rs2254638 and PK parameters of clopidogrel (P 〈 1 × 10^-2) was observed in additional CHD patients. Further, the N6AMT1 rs2254638 T variant was found to be associated decreased activation of clopidogrel (P -3.86 × 10^-2). The new variants in N6AMT1 and ABCA1, together with CYP2C19 * 2, dramatically improve the predictability of PRU varia- bility to 37.7% compared with the published value of approximately 20%. The present study identifies novel genet- ic loci modifying PIL/PD responses to clopidogrel, which contributes to a better understanding of the absorption and metabolic mechanisms that influence PD responses to clopidogrel treatment.
基金The project supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(81373486)Science and Technology Development Projects of Guangdong Province,China(2016B090918114,2013B021800157)Science and Technology Development Projects of Guangzhou,Guangdong,China(201510010236,201604020096)
文摘OBJECTIVE Genetic variants in the pharmacokinetic(PK)mechanism are the main underlying factors that modify the antiplatelet efficacy of clopidogrel.Hence,joint analysis of genetic variants that modify pharmacodynamic(PD)and PK responses to clopidogrel should be effective for identifying the genetic variants affecting the antiplatelet response to the drug.METHODS A genome-wide association study was conducted to identify new genetic loci that modify PD responses to clopidogrel and its active metabolite H4 in 115 Chinese patients with coronary heart disease(CHD).RESULTS We identified novel variants in two transporter genes(rs12456693 in SLC14A2 and rs2487032 in ABCA1)and in N6AMT1(rs2254638)associated with clopidogrel-treated P2Y12reaction unit(PRU)and plasma H4 concentration.The associations between these single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs)and PK parameters of clopidogrel and H4 were observed in 31 additional CHD patients(P<0.05).The new variants,together with CYP2C19*2 and clinical factors,dramatically improved the predictability of PRU variability to 37.7%compared with the published value of approximately 20%.The function of these SNPs on the activation of clopidogrel was validated in 32 liver S9 fractions,and the N6AMT1 rs2254638 T variant was found to be associated with decreased formation of H4(P=0.0386).Meanwhile,N6AMT1 rs2254638 was further identified to exert a marginal risk effect for MACE in an independent CHD patient cohort(OR:1.428,95%CI:0.978-2.086,P=0.0653,FDR=0.4726).In conclusion,we systematically identified new genetic variants as risk factors for the reduced efficacy of clopidogrel.CONCLUSION Our study findings enhanced the understanding of the absorption and metabolic mechanisms that influence PD responses to clopidogrel treatment.
文摘为研究哺乳仔猪抗腹泻的遗传因素和通路,通过对640头腹泻仔猪进行采样和统计分析,选取其中600个样本,包括大白猪453头、长白猪105头和杜洛克猪42头进行低深度重测序(1×),对测序结果质控后开展全基因组关联分析(genome-wide association study,GWAS),在大白猪和长白猪中分别筛选出42个和107个显著SNPs,这些位点上下游20 kb区域分别涉及32个和82个基因,对这些基因进行GO和KEGG富集分析,最终分别确定了6个(PLA2G4A、C1RL、PTPN6、C1R、PPP1R12A和GRID2)和8个(DAPK1、TMC8、ITM2C、CHMP4B、CAST、PDE4D、HSPA4和GRID2)可能与哺乳仔猪腹泻性状相关的重要候选基因,其中GRID2在大白猪和长白猪中同时被筛选到。结果表明,仔猪腹泻性状候选基因与细胞凋亡、免疫、细胞屏障和物质的跨膜运输相关功能有关。
文摘全基因组关联分析(GWAS)是一种通过对大规模样本集合进行基因型和表型数据的比较分析,寻找与特定性状相关的遗传变异的方法。随着高通量测序技术、生物信息学技术和统计学方法的不断发展,一些频率更小的遗传变异或小分子物质能够被更加精准和经济的方式检测。基于技术进步衍生出GWAS的扩展方法,为畜禽精准育种和遗传改良提供了新的思路,其中包括基于拷贝数变异(copy number variation,CNV)、结构变异(structural variation,SV)和串联重复序列(tandem repeats,TR)的GWAS和基于单倍型、基因表达和代谢组的GWAS。研究人员期望利用不同分子标记以提供更全面和详细的遗传变异信息来增加GWAS的解释性和准确性,或通过结合其他类型的数据来进一步解释和深化GWAS的结果,从而深入研究遗传变异与性状之间联系并确定影响复杂性状的关键基因。作者介绍了基于不同分子标记的GWAS在畜禽研究当中的应用并对其结果进行讨论,分析了不同方法的优势与可行性,为进一步推动GWAS在畜禽研究中的应用,精准育种和遗传改良提供更多的思路和支持。
文摘全基因组关联分析(genome wide association study,GWAS)是利用全基因组范围内筛选出高密度的分子标记对所研究的群体进行扫描,分析扫描得出的分子标记数据与表型性状之间关联关系的方法。GWAS的出现为全面系统地研究基因组学掀开了新的一页,目前主要应用于人类疾病复杂性状的分析,已鉴定出大量与人类复杂疾病或数量性状相关的遗传变异,成为研究人类基因组学的关键手段。在植物基因组中的研究应用虽刚刚起步,但也取得了良好的效果,应用GWAS发掘植物复杂数量性状基因、为植物分子育种提供依据已成为国际植物基因组学研究的热点。然而,GWAS的结果还存在一些问题,并非早期预测和想象的那样简单。现针对GWAS的特点,对其在人类基因组和植物基因组中的应用及其未来发展进行综述。
文摘全基因组关联研究(Genome-wide association study,GWAS)是人类复杂疾病研究的重要组成部分之一,在群体水平检测全基因组范围的遗传变异与可观测性状间的遗传关联。传统的GWAS是以芯片(Array)技术获得高密度的遗传变异,尽管硕果累累,但也存在不少问题。如:所谓的"缺失的遗传力",即利用关联分析检测达到全基因组水平显著的遗传变异位点只能解释小部分遗传力;在某些性状上不同研究的结果一致性较弱;显著关联的遗传变异位点的功能较难解释等。高通量测序技术,也称第二代测序(Next-generation sequencing,NGS)技术,可以快速、准确地产出高通量的变异位点数据,为解决以上问题提供了可行的方案。基于NGS技术的GWAS方法(NGS-GWAS)可在一定程度上弥补传统GWAS的不足。文章对NGS-GWAS策略和方法进行了系统性调研,提出了目前较为可行的NGS-GWAS的实施策略和方法,并对NGS-GWAS如何应用于个体化医疗(Personalized medicine,PM)进行了展望。
文摘稻瘟病是水稻重要病害之一,严重影响水稻的产量与品质。培育抗性品种是防治稻瘟病最经济、环保的方式。稻瘟病抗性基因的鉴定与挖掘是开展抗病育种的基础与前提。本课题组前期对419份广西水稻地方品种核心种质进行简化基因组测序,获得208,993个高质量SNP标记。本研究采用苗期喷雾接种方法,研究了该419份核心种质对7个稻瘟病生理小种的抗性,并根据表型和基因型数据,利用一般线性模型(general linear model,GLM)和混合线性模型(mixed linear model,MLM)进行全基因组关联分析。2种模型下共检测到20个位点,其中GLM检测到20个位点,MLM检测到1个位点,Chr12_10803913位点在2种模型下都检测到。17个位点与前人定位的基因/QTLs重叠,其余3个是新位点,分别为Chr3_18302718、Chr3_18302744及Chr5_10379127位点。在20个显著关联位点上下游各150 kb的基因组区域中共筛选出候选基因323个,初步确定8个候选基因与抗病相关,其中LOC_Os12g18360(Pita)、LOC_Os12g18729(Ptr)为已知克隆的基因,LOC_Os03g32100、LOC_Os03g32180和LOC_Os05g18090为新位点附近筛选到的候选基因。本研究结果为稻瘟病抗性位点挖掘与稻瘟病相关基因克隆提供了科学依据。