Oxidative desulfurization(ODS)has been proved to be an efficient strategy for the production of clean fuel oil.Numerous metal-based materials have been employed as excellent ODS catalysts,but being hindered by their h...Oxidative desulfurization(ODS)has been proved to be an efficient strategy for the production of clean fuel oil.Numerous metal-based materials have been employed as excellent ODS catalysts,but being hindered by their high-cost and potential secondary pollution.In this work,we employed graphene analogous hexagonal boron nitride(h-BN)as a metal-free catalyst for ODS with hydrogen peroxide(H2O2)as the oxidant.The h-BN catalyst was characterized and proved to be a few-layered structure with relatively high specific surface areas.The h-BN catalyst showed a 99.4%of sulfur removal in fuel oil under the optimized reaction conditions.Besides,the h-BN can be recycled for 8 times without significant decrease in the catalytic performance.Detailed mechanism analysis found that it is the boron radicals in h-BN activated H2O2 to generate·OH species,which can readily oxidize sulfides to corresponding sulfones for separation.This work would provide another choice in choosing metal-free catalysts for ODS.展开更多
This paper analyzes the role of price discovery of Shanghai fuel oil futures market by using methods, such as unit root test, co-integration test, error correction model, Granger causality test, impulse-response fimct...This paper analyzes the role of price discovery of Shanghai fuel oil futures market by using methods, such as unit root test, co-integration test, error correction model, Granger causality test, impulse-response fimction and variance decomposition. The results showed that there exists a strong relationship between the spot price of Huangpu fuel oil spot market and the futures price of Shanghai fuel oil futures market. In addition, the Shanghai fuel oil futures market exhibits a highly effective price discovery function.展开更多
Vehicle fuel economy will continue to increase in importance as world vehicle production grows and fuel supplies become more limited year by year.As OEMs strive to produce cars and trucks with greater fuel efficiency ...Vehicle fuel economy will continue to increase in importance as world vehicle production grows and fuel supplies become more limited year by year.As OEMs strive to produce cars and trucks with greater fuel efficiency and extended durability,additive technology developers are increasingly being asked to contribute to these goals from the lubricant side.Axle inefficiency can account for as much as 10% of the overall losses in an automotive driveline so improvements in axle efficiency can contribute greatly to improving vehicle fuel economy.For good durability,low axle oil operating temperatures are also needed to minimize oxidative and thermal degradation of the oil,reduce deposits and sludge formation,and extend oil drain intervals.To develop gear oils that can increase axle efficiency significantly while maintaining stable operating temperatures requires rig tests that are fast,precise and reproducible.This paper documents the development of a new axle test rig and test procedures and presents test results on several gear oils.The test results show the contributions of base oil viscosity,base oil chemistry,and additive chemistry on the fuel economy and temperature of the various oils.Having a dependable tool is enabling the development of new fuel-efficient and durable gear oil technology.展开更多
The microwave technology was introduced to separate naphthenic acids from diesel fuel. Thedecrease of zeta-potential of electric double layer on the W/O interface and the reduction of diesel fuelviscosity were respons...The microwave technology was introduced to separate naphthenic acids from diesel fuel. Thedecrease of zeta-potential of electric double layer on the W/O interface and the reduction of diesel fuelviscosity were responsible for the accelerated separation of naphthenic acids under microwave irradiation.The influences of dosage of alkali compound solvent (Mp/MT), irradiation pressure, irradiation time,irradiation power, the settling time and oil phase-to-solvent phase volume ratio (O/S) had been investigated.The optimum process conditions for the refining process were determined. The removal of naphthenicacids reached 98.4% when the optimum conditions were proposed as follows: Mp/MT=1.5, 0.05MPa, 6 min,375W, 25min and O/S=10, respectively. The diesel recovery could reach 99.3% and the quality of thetreated diesel oil was good enough to meet the specification of GB252-2000.展开更多
This paper primarily focuses on the development of the International Lubricant Standardization & Approval Committee (ILSAC) GF-5 passenger car engine oil category in North America and Japan including key technical...This paper primarily focuses on the development of the International Lubricant Standardization & Approval Committee (ILSAC) GF-5 passenger car engine oil category in North America and Japan including key technical performance requirements. New ILSAC GF-5 is scheduled to be introduced during the 3rd quarter of 2010 and will supersede ILSAC GF-4 and previous categories. It will also be backward compatible and will provide improved performance relative to GF-4 in many respects. At the same time, when GF-5 is introduced, it is anticipated that API SN will also be introduced as a new performance category to supersede the current category, API SM.展开更多
The non-edible oils are believed to be one of the major feedstock for the production of biodiesel in future.In the present study,we investigated the production of Jatropha oil methyl esters（JOMEs） via alkali-catalyz...The non-edible oils are believed to be one of the major feedstock for the production of biodiesel in future.In the present study,we investigated the production of Jatropha oil methyl esters（JOMEs） via alkali-catalyzed transesterification route.The biophysical characteristics of Jatropha oil were found within the optimal range in accordance with ASTM standards as a substitute diesel fuel.The chemical composition and production yield of as-synthesized biodiesel were confirmed by various analytical techniques such as FT-IR,1H NMR,13 C NMR and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry.A high percentage conversion,～96.09%,of fatty acids into esters was achieved under optimized transesterification conditions with 6 ：1 oil to methanol ratio and 0.9 wt% Na OH for 50 min at ～60°C.Moreover,twelve fatty acids methyl esters（FAME） were quantified in the GC/MS analysis and it was interesting to note that the mass fragmentation pattern of saturated,monounsaturated and diunsaturated FAME was comparable with the literature reported values.展开更多
Biodiesel is one of the most popular prospective alternative fuels and can be obtained from a variety of sources. Waste frying oil is one such source along with the various raw vegetable oils. However, some specific t...Biodiesel is one of the most popular prospective alternative fuels and can be obtained from a variety of sources. Waste frying oil is one such source along with the various raw vegetable oils. However, some specific technical treatments are required to improve certain fuel properties such as viscosity and calorific value of the biodiesel being obtained from waste cooking oil methyl ester （WCOME）. Various treatments are applied depending on the source and therefore the composition of the cooking oil. This research investigated the performance of WCOME as an alternative biofuel in a four-stroke direct injection diesel engine. An 8-mode test was undertaken with diesel fuel and five WCOME blends. The best compromise blend in terms of performance and emissions was identified. Results showed that energy utilization factors of the blends were similar within the range of the operational parameters （speed, load and WCOME content）. Increasing biodiesel content produced slightly more smoke and NOx for a great majority of test points, while the CO and THC emissions were lower.展开更多
Durability has always been the primary function of an engine oil.This continues to be the case,but fuel economy improvement has risen in importance as a feature of a lubricant.This is most easily achieved by lower vis...Durability has always been the primary function of an engine oil.This continues to be the case,but fuel economy improvement has risen in importance as a feature of a lubricant.This is most easily achieved by lower viscosity lubricants,which could endanger the durability of the engine if not properly formulated.Additionally,fuel economy from the lubricant is also considered over the course of a drain interval and the cost optimal point of servicing the oil explored,independent of other durability concerns.Durability is even more critical when the operating severities of the Chinese market are taken into account.Data are presented which demonstrate the differences in severity and the implications this will have on the lubricant,demonstrating the need for high quality lubricants that will protect Chinese vehicles in operation and,in addition,achieve some level of fuel economy improvement.展开更多
基金All authors appreciate the financial support from the National Key R&D Program of China(2017YFB0306504)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21722604,21878133 and 21908082)+2 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2019M651743)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20190852,BK20190854)Natural Science Foundation for Jiangsu Colleges and Universities(19KJB530005).
文摘Oxidative desulfurization(ODS)has been proved to be an efficient strategy for the production of clean fuel oil.Numerous metal-based materials have been employed as excellent ODS catalysts,but being hindered by their high-cost and potential secondary pollution.In this work,we employed graphene analogous hexagonal boron nitride(h-BN)as a metal-free catalyst for ODS with hydrogen peroxide(H2O2)as the oxidant.The h-BN catalyst was characterized and proved to be a few-layered structure with relatively high specific surface areas.The h-BN catalyst showed a 99.4%of sulfur removal in fuel oil under the optimized reaction conditions.Besides,the h-BN can be recycled for 8 times without significant decrease in the catalytic performance.Detailed mechanism analysis found that it is the boron radicals in h-BN activated H2O2 to generate·OH species,which can readily oxidize sulfides to corresponding sulfones for separation.This work would provide another choice in choosing metal-free catalysts for ODS.
文摘This paper analyzes the role of price discovery of Shanghai fuel oil futures market by using methods, such as unit root test, co-integration test, error correction model, Granger causality test, impulse-response fimction and variance decomposition. The results showed that there exists a strong relationship between the spot price of Huangpu fuel oil spot market and the futures price of Shanghai fuel oil futures market. In addition, the Shanghai fuel oil futures market exhibits a highly effective price discovery function.
文摘Vehicle fuel economy will continue to increase in importance as world vehicle production grows and fuel supplies become more limited year by year.As OEMs strive to produce cars and trucks with greater fuel efficiency and extended durability,additive technology developers are increasingly being asked to contribute to these goals from the lubricant side.Axle inefficiency can account for as much as 10% of the overall losses in an automotive driveline so improvements in axle efficiency can contribute greatly to improving vehicle fuel economy.For good durability,low axle oil operating temperatures are also needed to minimize oxidative and thermal degradation of the oil,reduce deposits and sludge formation,and extend oil drain intervals.To develop gear oils that can increase axle efficiency significantly while maintaining stable operating temperatures requires rig tests that are fast,precise and reproducible.This paper documents the development of a new axle test rig and test procedures and presents test results on several gear oils.The test results show the contributions of base oil viscosity,base oil chemistry,and additive chemistry on the fuel economy and temperature of the various oils.Having a dependable tool is enabling the development of new fuel-efficient and durable gear oil technology.
文摘The microwave technology was introduced to separate naphthenic acids from diesel fuel. Thedecrease of zeta-potential of electric double layer on the W/O interface and the reduction of diesel fuelviscosity were responsible for the accelerated separation of naphthenic acids under microwave irradiation.The influences of dosage of alkali compound solvent (Mp/MT), irradiation pressure, irradiation time,irradiation power, the settling time and oil phase-to-solvent phase volume ratio (O/S) had been investigated.The optimum process conditions for the refining process were determined. The removal of naphthenicacids reached 98.4% when the optimum conditions were proposed as follows: Mp/MT=1.5, 0.05MPa, 6 min,375W, 25min and O/S=10, respectively. The diesel recovery could reach 99.3% and the quality of thetreated diesel oil was good enough to meet the specification of GB252-2000.
文摘This paper primarily focuses on the development of the International Lubricant Standardization & Approval Committee (ILSAC) GF-5 passenger car engine oil category in North America and Japan including key technical performance requirements. New ILSAC GF-5 is scheduled to be introduced during the 3rd quarter of 2010 and will supersede ILSAC GF-4 and previous categories. It will also be backward compatible and will provide improved performance relative to GF-4 in many respects. At the same time, when GF-5 is introduced, it is anticipated that API SN will also be introduced as a new performance category to supersede the current category, API SM.
基金financial and moral support from the National Centre for Physics Islamabad,Pakistan to carry out of this present research workDeanship of Scientific Research at King Saud University for it’s funding of this research through the Research Group Project no RGP-VPP-345
文摘The non-edible oils are believed to be one of the major feedstock for the production of biodiesel in future.In the present study,we investigated the production of Jatropha oil methyl esters（JOMEs） via alkali-catalyzed transesterification route.The biophysical characteristics of Jatropha oil were found within the optimal range in accordance with ASTM standards as a substitute diesel fuel.The chemical composition and production yield of as-synthesized biodiesel were confirmed by various analytical techniques such as FT-IR,1H NMR,13 C NMR and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry.A high percentage conversion,～96.09%,of fatty acids into esters was achieved under optimized transesterification conditions with 6 ：1 oil to methanol ratio and 0.9 wt% Na OH for 50 min at ～60°C.Moreover,twelve fatty acids methyl esters（FAME） were quantified in the GC/MS analysis and it was interesting to note that the mass fragmentation pattern of saturated,monounsaturated and diunsaturated FAME was comparable with the literature reported values.
文摘Biodiesel is one of the most popular prospective alternative fuels and can be obtained from a variety of sources. Waste frying oil is one such source along with the various raw vegetable oils. However, some specific technical treatments are required to improve certain fuel properties such as viscosity and calorific value of the biodiesel being obtained from waste cooking oil methyl ester （WCOME）. Various treatments are applied depending on the source and therefore the composition of the cooking oil. This research investigated the performance of WCOME as an alternative biofuel in a four-stroke direct injection diesel engine. An 8-mode test was undertaken with diesel fuel and five WCOME blends. The best compromise blend in terms of performance and emissions was identified. Results showed that energy utilization factors of the blends were similar within the range of the operational parameters （speed, load and WCOME content）. Increasing biodiesel content produced slightly more smoke and NOx for a great majority of test points, while the CO and THC emissions were lower.
文摘Durability has always been the primary function of an engine oil.This continues to be the case,but fuel economy improvement has risen in importance as a feature of a lubricant.This is most easily achieved by lower viscosity lubricants,which could endanger the durability of the engine if not properly formulated.Additionally,fuel economy from the lubricant is also considered over the course of a drain interval and the cost optimal point of servicing the oil explored,independent of other durability concerns.Durability is even more critical when the operating severities of the Chinese market are taken into account.Data are presented which demonstrate the differences in severity and the implications this will have on the lubricant,demonstrating the need for high quality lubricants that will protect Chinese vehicles in operation and,in addition,achieve some level of fuel economy improvement.
