In this study,the micro-failure process and failure mechanism of a typical brittle rock under uniaxial compression are investigated via continuous real-time measurement of wave velocities.The experimental results indi...In this study,the micro-failure process and failure mechanism of a typical brittle rock under uniaxial compression are investigated via continuous real-time measurement of wave velocities.The experimental results indicate that the evolutions of wave velocities became progressively anisotropic under uniaxial loading due to the direction-dependent development of micro-damage.A wave velocity model considering the inner anisotropic crack evolution is proposed to accurately describe the variations of wave velocities during uniaxial compression testing.Based on which,the effective elastic parameters are inferred by a transverse isotropic constitutive model,and the evolutions of the crack density are inversed using a self-consistent damage model.It is found that the propagation of axial cracks dominates the failure process of brittle rock under uniaxial loading and oblique shear cracks develop with the appearance of macrocrack.展开更多
Light screen velocity measuring method with unique advantages has been widely used in the velocity measurement of various moving bodies.For large air resistance and friction force which the big moving bodies are subje...Light screen velocity measuring method with unique advantages has been widely used in the velocity measurement of various moving bodies.For large air resistance and friction force which the big moving bodies are subjected to during the light screen velocity measuring,the principle of velocity correction was proposed and a velocity correction equation was derived.A light screen velocity measuring method was used to measure the velocity of big moving bodies which have complex velocity attenuation,and the better results were gained in practical tests.The measuring uncertainty after the velocity correction was calculated.展开更多
Target vdocity and acceleration are two of the most important features for identification of warheads and decoys in ballistic missile defense phased array radar systems. Velocity compensation is also the necessary ste...Target vdocity and acceleration are two of the most important features for identification of warheads and decoys in ballistic missile defense phased array radar systems. Velocity compensation is also the necessary step for one-dimensional range profile imaging. According to the high-vdocity characteristics of ballistic objects and the low data rate of phased array radars with multiple target tracking, a fine spectral line digital velocity tracking frame is presented and a new method is developed to extract velocity error and resolve the velocity ambiguity in the measurement loop. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed technique.展开更多
An experimental technique for research on spherical divergent wave propagation in a solid has been developed, in which the source of generating spherical wave is a center initiating explosive charge designed in a mini...An experimental technique for research on spherical divergent wave propagation in a solid has been developed, in which the source of generating spherical wave is a center initiating explosive charge designed in a mini-spherical shape with yield equivalent to 0.125?g and 0.486?g TNT and a set of circular electromagnetic particle velocity gages is used to record the particle velocity histories. By using the circular electromagnetic particle velocity gages, the signal outputs not only are unattenuated due to the geometrical divergence, but also represent the average of the measured dynamic states of the medium over a circle on the wavefront. The distinctive features of this technique are very useful for the study of spherical divergent wave propagation in a solid, especially in an inhomogeneous solid, and the corresponding material dynamics. Many experimental measurements were conducted in polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) and granite by means of the technique, and the reproducibility of tests was shown to be good. The measurement technique of the circular electromagnetic particle velocity gages is also suitable to the case of cylindrical wave.展开更多
Pulse Doppler radar measurements consist of range, azimuth, elevation and radial velocity. Most of the radar tracking algorithms in engineering only utilize position measurement. The extended Kalman filter with radial...Pulse Doppler radar measurements consist of range, azimuth, elevation and radial velocity. Most of the radar tracking algorithms in engineering only utilize position measurement. The extended Kalman filter with radial velocity measureneut is presented, then a new filtering algorithm utilizing radial velocity measurement is proposed to improve tracking results and the theoretical analysis is also given. Simulation results of the new algorithm, converted measurement Kalman filter, extended Kalman filter are compared. The effectiveness of the new algorithm is verified by simulation results.展开更多
The principle and method of both radar target imaging and velocity measurement simultaneously based on step frequency waveforms is presented. Velocity compensation is necessary in order to obtain the good High resolut...The principle and method of both radar target imaging and velocity measurement simultaneously based on step frequency waveforms is presented. Velocity compensation is necessary in order to obtain the good High resolution range profile since this waveform is greatly sensitive to the Doppler shift. The velocity measurement performance of the four styles is analyzed with two pulse trains consisted of positive and negative step frequency waveforms. The velocity of targets can be estimated first coarsely by using the pulse trains with positive-positive step frequency combination, and then fine by positive-negative combination. Simulation results indicate that the method can accomplish the accurate estimation of the velocity with efficient computation and good anti-noise performance and obtain the good HRRP simultaneously.展开更多
For measuring velocity and impacting position of single fragment of warhead,a non-contact measuring method is proposed,in which a six-light-screen array,a position indicator,a multi-channel chronograph and a computer ...For measuring velocity and impacting position of single fragment of warhead,a non-contact measuring method is proposed,in which a six-light-screen array,a position indicator,a multi-channel chronograph and a computer are used.The principle of measurement is described.The key device of the system is a light screen array sensor which consists of six light screens allocated with certain geometrical parameters.When the fragment flies through the light screen array,the time of passing through each of the screens is recorded by the multi-channel chronograph.According to the time data and the geometrical parameters of the array,the velocity vector and the location of the fragment can be calculated immediately.The presented method can be used to locate the fragment and to measure the real velocity on its flying direction.It can also be used to measure the velocity of a fragment swarm after the system is engineered further.展开更多
This study investigates the application of Gurney and flight of fragment equations,typically used to predict metal fragment velocities,in modeling the water jet behavior.Three shotgun cartridge sizes were used as the ...This study investigates the application of Gurney and flight of fragment equations,typically used to predict metal fragment velocities,in modeling the water jet behavior.Three shotgun cartridge sizes were used as the energy source:2.59 g,5.83 g,and 7.13 g.Two configurations were tested:standard(full-barrel water load)and"negative 8"(partial water load).High-speed footage captured water column velocities,and Gurney models,including infinitely tamped and open-faced configurations,combined with the flight of fragment model were used to assess prediction accuracy.Results showed charge strength significantly affects water column velocity,with higher strengths yielding greater stability and velocity retention over distance.The infinitely tamped Gurney model closely predicted experimental velocities,deviating by as little as 1.4%for standard charges and 2.8% for negative 8 charges.Additionally,interesting dynamics such as a 1-2°rise in jet height and the rear overtaking the front was observed.These findings have significant implications for optimizing PAN disruptors and enhancing performance in high-velocity fluid applications and explosive breaching systems.展开更多
An improved multidirectional velocity model was proposed for more accurately locating micro-seismic events in rock engineering. It was assumed that the stress wave propagation velocities from a micro-seismic source to...An improved multidirectional velocity model was proposed for more accurately locating micro-seismic events in rock engineering. It was assumed that the stress wave propagation velocities from a micro-seismic source to three nearest monitoring sensors in a sensor's array arrangement were the same. Since the defined objective function does not require pre-measurement of the stress wave propagation velocity in the field, errors from the velocity measurement can be avoided in comparison to three traditional velocity models. By analyzing 24 different cases, the proposed multidirectional velocity model iterated by the Simplex method is found to be the best option no matter the source is within the region of the sensor's array or not. The proposed model and the adopted iterative algorithm are verified by field data and it is concluded that it can significantly reduce the error of the estimated source location.展开更多
Since 1982, the Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences(IOCAS) has conducted more than 20 sonobuoy refraction measurement in the area of East China Sea. In 1991, the IOCAS also conducted OBS measurement i...Since 1982, the Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences(IOCAS) has conducted more than 20 sonobuoy refraction measurement in the area of East China Sea. In 1991, the IOCAS also conducted OBS measurement in the same area. Both the our refraction data and other authors’ refraction data measured in the area of East China Sea have been used to study the crustal velocity structure along the Profile 820 which is across the East China Sea shelf basin, Okinawa Trough, Ryukyu Island, Ryukyu Trench and Philippine Sea in this paper. The ages of the velocity layer have also been determined in this paper.The crustal velocity structure is difference both along the profile 820 and from top to the depth. Along the profile there are three basins and three uplifts. From top to the depth there are 5 velocity layers, which are layers of 1 8～2 2km/s, 2 4～2 8km/s, 3 0～3 6km/s, 4 2～5 1km/s, 5 75～6 0km/s. Based on the velocity structure we can know that the deposit environment was stable between Pliocene and Quaternary along the whole profile except the axis part of Okinawa Trough which had always been active and the deposit florescence was Eocene and the whole area was uplifting in the time of Oligocene and the sediments of that time upon the Diaoyudao uplift and Ryukyu island and also the area of East China Sea shelf basin and Okinawa Trough were denuded. The origination of the East China Sea shelf basin and the Okinawa Trough might be after the deposition of the velocity layer of 5 75～6 0km/s.展开更多
Marine sediment velocity structural models have strong regional characteristics.Hamilton made two shallow continental shelf sediment velocity structure models,Lu Bo gave a model in accordance with the characteristics ...Marine sediment velocity structural models have strong regional characteristics.Hamilton made two shallow continental shelf sediment velocity structure models,Lu Bo gave a model in accordance with the characteristics of the continental shelf of China.However,no model can contain all geological situations.We got the in-situ velocity data at Zhapu and Jintang near the Hangzhou Bay by using the MFI GeoA(Multi-Frequency In-situ Geoacoustic Measurement),and used these data to make the velocity structure models.Finally,we got two different models.One is Zhapu velocity structural model that we can describe as Lower velocity-Higher velocity -Lower velocity-Higher velocity model simply。展开更多
基金Projects(41502283,41772309)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2017YFC1501302)supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of ChinaProject(2017ACA102)supported by the Major Program of Technological Innovation of Hubei Province,China。
文摘In this study,the micro-failure process and failure mechanism of a typical brittle rock under uniaxial compression are investigated via continuous real-time measurement of wave velocities.The experimental results indicate that the evolutions of wave velocities became progressively anisotropic under uniaxial loading due to the direction-dependent development of micro-damage.A wave velocity model considering the inner anisotropic crack evolution is proposed to accurately describe the variations of wave velocities during uniaxial compression testing.Based on which,the effective elastic parameters are inferred by a transverse isotropic constitutive model,and the evolutions of the crack density are inversed using a self-consistent damage model.It is found that the propagation of axial cracks dominates the failure process of brittle rock under uniaxial loading and oblique shear cracks develop with the appearance of macrocrack.
文摘Light screen velocity measuring method with unique advantages has been widely used in the velocity measurement of various moving bodies.For large air resistance and friction force which the big moving bodies are subjected to during the light screen velocity measuring,the principle of velocity correction was proposed and a velocity correction equation was derived.A light screen velocity measuring method was used to measure the velocity of big moving bodies which have complex velocity attenuation,and the better results were gained in practical tests.The measuring uncertainty after the velocity correction was calculated.
文摘Target vdocity and acceleration are two of the most important features for identification of warheads and decoys in ballistic missile defense phased array radar systems. Velocity compensation is also the necessary step for one-dimensional range profile imaging. According to the high-vdocity characteristics of ballistic objects and the low data rate of phased array radars with multiple target tracking, a fine spectral line digital velocity tracking frame is presented and a new method is developed to extract velocity error and resolve the velocity ambiguity in the measurement loop. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed technique.
文摘An experimental technique for research on spherical divergent wave propagation in a solid has been developed, in which the source of generating spherical wave is a center initiating explosive charge designed in a mini-spherical shape with yield equivalent to 0.125?g and 0.486?g TNT and a set of circular electromagnetic particle velocity gages is used to record the particle velocity histories. By using the circular electromagnetic particle velocity gages, the signal outputs not only are unattenuated due to the geometrical divergence, but also represent the average of the measured dynamic states of the medium over a circle on the wavefront. The distinctive features of this technique are very useful for the study of spherical divergent wave propagation in a solid, especially in an inhomogeneous solid, and the corresponding material dynamics. Many experimental measurements were conducted in polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) and granite by means of the technique, and the reproducibility of tests was shown to be good. The measurement technique of the circular electromagnetic particle velocity gages is also suitable to the case of cylindrical wave.
文摘Pulse Doppler radar measurements consist of range, azimuth, elevation and radial velocity. Most of the radar tracking algorithms in engineering only utilize position measurement. The extended Kalman filter with radial velocity measureneut is presented, then a new filtering algorithm utilizing radial velocity measurement is proposed to improve tracking results and the theoretical analysis is also given. Simulation results of the new algorithm, converted measurement Kalman filter, extended Kalman filter are compared. The effectiveness of the new algorithm is verified by simulation results.
文摘The principle and method of both radar target imaging and velocity measurement simultaneously based on step frequency waveforms is presented. Velocity compensation is necessary in order to obtain the good High resolution range profile since this waveform is greatly sensitive to the Doppler shift. The velocity measurement performance of the four styles is analyzed with two pulse trains consisted of positive and negative step frequency waveforms. The velocity of targets can be estimated first coarsely by using the pulse trains with positive-positive step frequency combination, and then fine by positive-negative combination. Simulation results indicate that the method can accomplish the accurate estimation of the velocity with efficient computation and good anti-noise performance and obtain the good HRRP simultaneously.
基金Sponsored by Foundation of Department Education of Shaanxi Province of China(03JC31)Key Lab Foundationin Nanjing University of Science and Technology(51453010103SX0201).
文摘For measuring velocity and impacting position of single fragment of warhead,a non-contact measuring method is proposed,in which a six-light-screen array,a position indicator,a multi-channel chronograph and a computer are used.The principle of measurement is described.The key device of the system is a light screen array sensor which consists of six light screens allocated with certain geometrical parameters.When the fragment flies through the light screen array,the time of passing through each of the screens is recorded by the multi-channel chronograph.According to the time data and the geometrical parameters of the array,the velocity vector and the location of the fragment can be calculated immediately.The presented method can be used to locate the fragment and to measure the real velocity on its flying direction.It can also be used to measure the velocity of a fragment swarm after the system is engineered further.
基金supported and funded internally through Dr. Catherine Johnson's research funds at Missouri S&T
文摘This study investigates the application of Gurney and flight of fragment equations,typically used to predict metal fragment velocities,in modeling the water jet behavior.Three shotgun cartridge sizes were used as the energy source:2.59 g,5.83 g,and 7.13 g.Two configurations were tested:standard(full-barrel water load)and"negative 8"(partial water load).High-speed footage captured water column velocities,and Gurney models,including infinitely tamped and open-faced configurations,combined with the flight of fragment model were used to assess prediction accuracy.Results showed charge strength significantly affects water column velocity,with higher strengths yielding greater stability and velocity retention over distance.The infinitely tamped Gurney model closely predicted experimental velocities,deviating by as little as 1.4%for standard charges and 2.8% for negative 8 charges.Additionally,interesting dynamics such as a 1-2°rise in jet height and the rear overtaking the front was observed.These findings have significant implications for optimizing PAN disruptors and enhancing performance in high-velocity fluid applications and explosive breaching systems.
基金Project(IRT0950)supported by the Cheung Kong Scholars and the Development Plan of Innovative Team,ChinaProject supported by China Scholarship Council
文摘An improved multidirectional velocity model was proposed for more accurately locating micro-seismic events in rock engineering. It was assumed that the stress wave propagation velocities from a micro-seismic source to three nearest monitoring sensors in a sensor's array arrangement were the same. Since the defined objective function does not require pre-measurement of the stress wave propagation velocity in the field, errors from the velocity measurement can be avoided in comparison to three traditional velocity models. By analyzing 24 different cases, the proposed multidirectional velocity model iterated by the Simplex method is found to be the best option no matter the source is within the region of the sensor's array or not. The proposed model and the adopted iterative algorithm are verified by field data and it is concluded that it can significantly reduce the error of the estimated source location.
文摘Since 1982, the Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences(IOCAS) has conducted more than 20 sonobuoy refraction measurement in the area of East China Sea. In 1991, the IOCAS also conducted OBS measurement in the same area. Both the our refraction data and other authors’ refraction data measured in the area of East China Sea have been used to study the crustal velocity structure along the Profile 820 which is across the East China Sea shelf basin, Okinawa Trough, Ryukyu Island, Ryukyu Trench and Philippine Sea in this paper. The ages of the velocity layer have also been determined in this paper.The crustal velocity structure is difference both along the profile 820 and from top to the depth. Along the profile there are three basins and three uplifts. From top to the depth there are 5 velocity layers, which are layers of 1 8～2 2km/s, 2 4～2 8km/s, 3 0～3 6km/s, 4 2～5 1km/s, 5 75～6 0km/s. Based on the velocity structure we can know that the deposit environment was stable between Pliocene and Quaternary along the whole profile except the axis part of Okinawa Trough which had always been active and the deposit florescence was Eocene and the whole area was uplifting in the time of Oligocene and the sediments of that time upon the Diaoyudao uplift and Ryukyu island and also the area of East China Sea shelf basin and Okinawa Trough were denuded. The origination of the East China Sea shelf basin and the Okinawa Trough might be after the deposition of the velocity layer of 5 75～6 0km/s.
文摘Marine sediment velocity structural models have strong regional characteristics.Hamilton made two shallow continental shelf sediment velocity structure models,Lu Bo gave a model in accordance with the characteristics of the continental shelf of China.However,no model can contain all geological situations.We got the in-situ velocity data at Zhapu and Jintang near the Hangzhou Bay by using the MFI GeoA(Multi-Frequency In-situ Geoacoustic Measurement),and used these data to make the velocity structure models.Finally,we got two different models.One is Zhapu velocity structural model that we can describe as Lower velocity-Higher velocity -Lower velocity-Higher velocity model simply。
