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Analysis of multi-factor influences of tilt-to-length coupling noise in a test mass interferometer
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作者 ZHAO Meng-yuan SHEN Jia +5 位作者 PENG Xiao-dong MA Xiao-shan YANG Zhen LIU He-shan MENG Xin ZHANG Jia-feng 《中国光学(中英文)》 北大核心 2025年第3期704-714,共11页
For space-borne gravitational wave detection missions based on the heterodyne interferometry principle,tilt-to-length(TTL)coupling noise is an important optical noise source,significantly influencing the accuracy of t... For space-borne gravitational wave detection missions based on the heterodyne interferometry principle,tilt-to-length(TTL)coupling noise is an important optical noise source,significantly influencing the accuracy of the measurement system.We present a method for analyzing TTL coupling noise under the joint influence of multiple factors.An equivalent simulated optical bench for the test mass interferometer was designed,and Gaussian beam tracing was adopted to simulate beam propagation.By simulating the interference signal,it can analyze the impact of various factors on the TTL coupling noise,including positional,beam parameters,detector parameters,and signal definition factors.On this basis,a random parameter space composed of multiple influential factors was constructed within a range satisfying the analysis requirement,and the corresponding simulation results from random sampling were evaluated via variance-based global sensitivity analysis.The calculated results of the main and total effect indexes show that the test mass rotation angle and the piston effect(lateral)significantly influence the TTL coupling noise in the test mass interferometer.The analysis provides a qualitative reference for designing and optimizing space-borne laser interferometry systems. 展开更多
关键词 space interferometry optical simulation tilt-to-length coupling noise
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Research on the flow stability and noise reduction characteristics of quasi-periodic elastic support skin
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作者 Lu Chen Shao-gang Liu +5 位作者 Dan Zhao Li-qiang Dong Kai Li Shuai Tang Jin Cui Hong Guo 《Defence Technology(防务技术)》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第3期222-236,共15页
To enhance flow stability and reduce hydrodynamic noise caused by fluctuating pressure,a quasiperiodic elastic support skin composed of flexible walls and elastic support elements is proposed for fluid noise reduction... To enhance flow stability and reduce hydrodynamic noise caused by fluctuating pressure,a quasiperiodic elastic support skin composed of flexible walls and elastic support elements is proposed for fluid noise reduction.The arrangement of the elastic support element is determined by the equivalent periodic distance and quasi-periodic coefficient.In this paper,a dynamic model of skin in a fluid environment is established.The influence of equivalent periodic distance and quasi-periodic coefficient on flow stability is investigated.The results suggest that arranging the elastic support elements in accordance with the quasi-periodic law can effectively enhance flow stability.Meanwhile,the hydrodynamic noise calculation results demonstrate that the skin exhibits excellent noise reduction performance,with reductions of 10 dB in the streamwise direction,11 dB in the spanwise direction,and 10 dB in the normal direction.The results also demonstrate that the stability analysis method can serve as a diagnostic tool for flow fields and guide the design of noise reduction structures. 展开更多
关键词 Flow stability Quasi-period Flexible wall Elastic support element Hydrodynamic noise
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An extended state observer with adjustable bandwidth for measurement noise
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作者 ZHANG Shihua QI Xiaohui YANG Sen 《Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics》 SCIE EI CSCD 2024年第1期233-241,共9页
In this paper,a bandwidth-adjustable extended state observer(ABESO)is proposed for the systems with measurement noise.It is known that increasing the bandwidth of the observer improves the tracking speed but tolerates... In this paper,a bandwidth-adjustable extended state observer(ABESO)is proposed for the systems with measurement noise.It is known that increasing the bandwidth of the observer improves the tracking speed but tolerates noise,which conflicts with observation accuracy.Therefore,we introduce a bandwidth scaling factor such that ABESO is formulated to a 2-degree-of-freedom system.The observer gain is determined and the bandwidth scaling factor adjusts the bandwidth according to the tracking error.When the tracking error decreases,the bandwidth decreases to suppress the noise,otherwise the bandwidth does not change.It is proven that the error dynamics are bounded and converge in finite time.The relationship between the upper bound of the estimation error and the scaling factor is given.When the scaling factor is less than 1,the ABESO has higher estimation accuracy than the linear extended state observer(LESO).Simulations of an uncertain nonlinear system with compound disturbances show that the proposed ABESO can successfully estimate the total disturbance in noisy environments.The mean error of total disturbance of ABESO is 15.28% lower than that of LESO. 展开更多
关键词 extended state observer(ESO) boundedness and convergence adjustable bandwidth measurement noise
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基于Z轴相关性Zero-Shot Noise2Noise降低低剂量CT图像噪声 被引量:1
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作者 李金霞 李静静 +2 位作者 肖丹 赵宏波 朱守平 《中国医学影像技术》 CSCD 北大核心 2024年第11期1764-1768,共5页
目的 观察基于Z轴相关性Zero-Shot Noise2Noise(ZS-N2N)方法降低低剂量CT(LDCT)图像噪声的价值。方法 选取癌症成像档案CT数据集,包括正常剂量CT(NDCT)图像和LDCT图像,胸、腹部图像各3组。采用ZS-N2N方法基于Z轴相关性降低LDCT图像噪声,... 目的 观察基于Z轴相关性Zero-Shot Noise2Noise(ZS-N2N)方法降低低剂量CT(LDCT)图像噪声的价值。方法 选取癌症成像档案CT数据集,包括正常剂量CT(NDCT)图像和LDCT图像,胸、腹部图像各3组。采用ZS-N2N方法基于Z轴相关性降低LDCT图像噪声,与Self2Self、单纯ZS-N2N及传统Block-matching and 3D filtering(BM3D)方法进行对比,观察各算法峰值信噪比(PSNR)、结构相似度(SSIM)及降噪耗时。结果 降噪后,Self2Self降噪图像噪声明显;BM3D降噪图像结构边缘较模糊,存在部分细节丢失;单纯ZS-N2N和基于Z轴相关性的ZS-N2N降噪图像留有更多细节,质量较好。以Self2Self降低LDCT图像噪声的PSNR和SSIM较差、耗时较长,其余3种方法的PSNR、SSIM和耗时均相近;其中,基于Z轴相关性ZS-N2N的PSNR略高于BM3D和单纯ZS-N2N,但耗时仍略长。结论 基于Z轴相关性ZS-N2N对降低LDCT图像噪声具有较高价值。 展开更多
关键词 噪声 低剂量 体层摄影术 X线计算机 机器学习
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Localization for mixed near-field and far-field sources under impulsive noise
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作者 GAO Hongyuan ZHANG Yuze +2 位作者 DU Ya’nan CHENG Jianhua CHEN Menghan 《Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics》 SCIE CSCD 2024年第2期302-315,共14页
In order to solve the problem that the performance of traditional localization methods for mixed near-field sources(NFSs)and far-field sources(FFSs)degrades under impulsive noise,a robust and novel localization method... In order to solve the problem that the performance of traditional localization methods for mixed near-field sources(NFSs)and far-field sources(FFSs)degrades under impulsive noise,a robust and novel localization method is proposed.After eliminating the impacts of impulsive noise by the weighted out-lier filter,the direction of arrivals(DOAs)of FFSs can be estimated by multiple signal classification(MUSIC)spectral peaks search.Based on the DOAs information of FFSs,the separation of mixed sources can be performed.Finally,the estimation of localizing parameters of NFSs can avoid two-dimension spectral peaks search by decomposing steering vectors.The Cramer-Rao bounds(CRB)for the unbiased estimations of DOA and range under impulsive noise have been drawn.Simulation experiments verify that the proposed method has advantages in probability of successful estimation(PSE)and root mean square error(RMSE)compared with existing localization methods.It can be concluded that the proposed method is effective and reliable in the environment with low generalized signal to noise ratio(GSNR),few snapshots,and strong impulse. 展开更多
关键词 source localization far-field source(NFS) near-field source(FFS) impulsive noise Cramer-Rao bound(CRB)
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Application and optimization design of non-obstructive particle damping-phononic crystal vibration isolator in viaduct structure-borne noise reduction
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作者 SHI Duo-jia ZHAO Cai-you +3 位作者 ZHANG Xin-hao ZHENG Jun-yuan WEI Na-chao WANG Ping 《Journal of Central South University》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第7期2513-2531,共19页
The problems associated with vibrations of viaducts and low-frequency structural noise radiation caused by train excitation continue to increase in importance.A new floating-slab track vibration isolator-non-obstructi... The problems associated with vibrations of viaducts and low-frequency structural noise radiation caused by train excitation continue to increase in importance.A new floating-slab track vibration isolator-non-obstructive particle damping-phononic crystal vibration isolator is proposed herein,which uses the particle damping vibration absorption technology and bandgap vibration control theory.The vibration reduction performance of the NOPD-PCVI was analyzed from the perspective of vibration control.The paper explores the structure-borne noise reduction performance of the NOPD-PCVIs installed on different bridge structures under varying service conditions encountered in practical engineering applications.The load transferred to the bridge is obtained from a coupled train-FST-bridge analytical model considering the different structural parameters of bridges.The vibration responses are obtained using the finite element method,while the structural noise radiation is simulated using the frequency-domain boundary element method.Using the particle swarm optimization algorithm,the parameters of the NOPD-PCVI are optimized so that its frequency bandgap matches the dominant bridge structural noise frequency range.The noise reduction performance of the NOPD-PCVIs is compared to the steel-spring isolation under different service conditions. 展开更多
关键词 non-obstructive particle damping phononic crystal vibration isolator band gap optimization floating-slab track bridge structure-borne noise control particle swarm optimization
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Direction finding of bistatic MIMO radar in strong impulse noise
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作者 CHEN Menghan GAO Hongyuan +2 位作者 DU Yanan CHENG Jianhua ZHANG Yuze 《Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics》 SCIE CSCD 2024年第4期888-898,共11页
For bistatic multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO)radar,this paper presents a robust and direction finding method in strong impulse noise environment.By means of a new lower order covariance,the method is effective in ... For bistatic multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO)radar,this paper presents a robust and direction finding method in strong impulse noise environment.By means of a new lower order covariance,the method is effective in suppressing impulse noise and achieving superior direction finding performance using the maximum likelihood(ML)estimation method.A quantum equilibrium optimizer algorithm(QEOA)is devised to resolve the corresponding objective function for efficient and accurate direc-tion finding.The results of simulation reveal the capability of the presented method in success rate and root mean square error over existing direction-finding methods in different application situations,e.g.,locating coherent signal sources with very few snapshots in strong impulse noise.Other than that,the Cramér-Rao bound(CRB)under impulse noise environment has been drawn to test the capability of the presented method. 展开更多
关键词 bistatic multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO)radar impulse noise direction finding lower order covariance quan-tum equilibrium optimizer algorithm(QEOA) maximum likeli-hood estimation method Cramér-Rao bound(CRB)
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基于改进Noise2Noise算法的电力线信号去噪 被引量:3
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作者 胡正伟 王志红 +2 位作者 畅瑞鑫 陈维寅 谢志远 《电力系统保护与控制》 EI CSCD 北大核心 2023年第9期32-45,共14页
针对电力线信道噪声干扰大、噪声建模复杂、重建无噪信号样本困难等问题,提出了一种面向一维时间序列的Noise2Noise神经网络优化模型,并验证分析Noise2Noise算法抑制电力线噪声的可行性。首先,分析了Noise2Noise算法的原理,对该算法原... 针对电力线信道噪声干扰大、噪声建模复杂、重建无噪信号样本困难等问题,提出了一种面向一维时间序列的Noise2Noise神经网络优化模型,并验证分析Noise2Noise算法抑制电力线噪声的可行性。首先,分析了Noise2Noise算法的原理,对该算法原理进行了理论推导。其次,通过选取合适的网络结构,改进网络输入输出,使神经网络适合处理实验数据,并采用正弦波数据进行网络测试与模型验证。然后,通过搭建正交频分复用(orthogonal frequency division multi-plexing,OFDM)调制模型,产生OFDM符号,并添加特定噪声,形成带噪样本。最后,基于改进的网络结构实现了对电力线接收信号的OFDM前导序列进行带噪样本测试,增强了Noise2Noise方法的可行性与有效性,具有较好的实用性。 展开更多
关键词 noise2noise 电力线去噪 OFDM 神经网络
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基于ANSYS和SYSNOISE的电机噪声仿真分析方法 被引量:25
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作者 崔淑梅 于天达 宋立伟 《电机与控制学报》 EI CSCD 北大核心 2011年第9期63-67,共5页
针对电机噪声分析时有限元软件ANSYS不能直接得到声响特性与实验数据比对的问题,研究与振动声学分析软件SYSNOISE进行联合仿真的方法。以一台永磁直流电机为例,建立基于AN-SYS的结构动力模型,计算振动频响特性并作为输入边界激励条件加... 针对电机噪声分析时有限元软件ANSYS不能直接得到声响特性与实验数据比对的问题,研究与振动声学分析软件SYSNOISE进行联合仿真的方法。以一台永磁直流电机为例,建立基于AN-SYS的结构动力模型,计算振动频响特性并作为输入边界激励条件加入SYSNOISE,用SYSNOISE计算出声压频响特性。仿真与实验结果表明,最大相对误差为8.5%,满足工程设计需要。给出了AN-SYS与SYSNOISE间结构网格和边界条件预处理与导入的具体办法,解决了两个软件的兼容问题。该方法利用两个软件的优势加快了计算速度,仿真结果亦直观,方便与实验结果相比较。 展开更多
关键词 电机 噪声 有限元 边界元 软件接口
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Rnoise 系统中的道路声屏障设计方法 被引量:1
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作者 冯晓 李方 邓学钧 《东南大学学报(自然科学版)》 EI CAS CSCD 1998年第1期103-108,共6页
介绍了一种基于综合数字地面模型以及随机车流声源等效替代和分解技术的户外道路交通噪声分析方法与系统.详细论述了基于该系统的道路声屏障设计与优化方法.该方法能够近似模拟实地各种环境条件的影响,如建筑物、地形、树木、植被以... 介绍了一种基于综合数字地面模型以及随机车流声源等效替代和分解技术的户外道路交通噪声分析方法与系统.详细论述了基于该系统的道路声屏障设计与优化方法.该方法能够近似模拟实地各种环境条件的影响,如建筑物、地形、树木、植被以及大气条件等,在一定程度上实现了道路交通噪声和声屏障降效果的可视化设计与评价. 展开更多
关键词 遮声墙 交通噪声 数字地面模型 Rnoise系统
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Salt and Pepper Noise Filter Based on GA-BP Algorithm Noise Detector 被引量:2
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作者 宋寅卯 李晓娟 《光电工程》 CAS CSCD 北大核心 2011年第2期59-64,共6页
基于噪声检测的中值滤波器已广泛用于消除图像中的椒盐噪声,然而在高噪声密度情况下,对噪声像素的定位不准确很容易造成图像边缘的模糊。本文提出了一种基于GA-BP的椒盐噪声滤波算法,克服了这一缺陷。算法首先用遗传算法优化的BP网... 基于噪声检测的中值滤波器已广泛用于消除图像中的椒盐噪声,然而在高噪声密度情况下,对噪声像素的定位不准确很容易造成图像边缘的模糊。本文提出了一种基于GA-BP的椒盐噪声滤波算法,克服了这一缺陷。算法首先用遗传算法优化的BP网络对图像中的噪声像素定位,然后引入保边函数和PRP算法求目标函数的极值进而实现图像的去噪处理。实验结果表明,该算法比传统滤波算法效果有明显改善,且具有良好的泛化性、鲁棒性和自适应性。 展开更多
关键词 GA-BP算法 椒盐噪声 噪声检测 保边函数 PRP算法
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INTER-NOISE 95会议噪声控制进展综述 被引量:1
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作者 吴硕贤 《应用声学》 CSCD 1996年第2期46-48,16,共4页
本文介绍于美国加州NEWPORTBEACH召开的1995年国际噪声控制工程会议简况,并根据会议报告及论文集,对当前国际上噪声控制学科的进展作出综述。
关键词 噪声控制 技术进展
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基于Noise2Noise的静电悬浮惯性传感器噪声抑制方法 被引量:1
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作者 徐鹏 杨智岚 《中国惯性技术学报》 EI CSCD 北大核心 2023年第6期611-619,共9页
针对星载静电悬浮惯性传感器噪声复杂,在轨测量数据真值未知,传统方法难以有效抑制的问题,提出了基于无监督学习的Noise2Noise框架,结合集成学习方案,设计了基于Noise2Noise无监督学习的广谱随机噪声抑制方法,并基于GRACE-FO加速度计数... 针对星载静电悬浮惯性传感器噪声复杂,在轨测量数据真值未知,传统方法难以有效抑制的问题,提出了基于无监督学习的Noise2Noise框架,结合集成学习方案,设计了基于Noise2Noise无监督学习的广谱随机噪声抑制方法,并基于GRACE-FO加速度计数据进行了实验验证。实验结果表明所提方法相较于传统噪声抑制方法的噪声均方误差下降8%以上,使用集成学习后,噪声水平进一步下降至12%以上。此外,所提方法在有效抑制高频噪声的同时,能够识别出高频数据中的特征性信号,可为惯性传感器载荷在轨运行状态评估提供信息保障。 展开更多
关键词 惯性传感器 加速度计 数据处理 noise2noise 深度学习
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The Detecting System of Image Forgeries with Noise Features and EXIF Information 被引量:5
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作者 SUN Xiaoting LI Yezhou +1 位作者 NIU Shaozhang HUANG Yanli 《Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics》 SCIE EI CSCD 2015年第5期1164-1176,共13页
Recently, the digital image blind forensics technology has received an increasing attention in academic community. This paper aims at developing a new identification approach based on the statistical noise and exchang... Recently, the digital image blind forensics technology has received an increasing attention in academic community. This paper aims at developing a new identification approach based on the statistical noise and exchangeable image file format (EXIF) information of image for images authen- tication. In particular, the authors can identify whether the current image has been modified or not by utilizing the relevance between noise and EXIF parameters and comparing the real values with the estimated values of the EXIF parameters. Experimental results validate the proposed method. That is, the detecting system can identify the doctored image effectively. 展开更多
关键词 Blind forensics doctored image EXIF parameters noise features
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Target tracking in glint noise using a MCMC particle filter 被引量:5
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作者 HuHongtao JingZhongliang LiAnping HuShiqiang TianHongwei 《Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics》 SCIE EI CSCD 2005年第2期305-309,共5页
In radar target tracking application, the observation noise is usually non-Gaussian, which is also referred as glint noise. The performances of conventional trackers degra de severely in the presence of glint noise. A... In radar target tracking application, the observation noise is usually non-Gaussian, which is also referred as glint noise. The performances of conventional trackers degra de severely in the presence of glint noise. An improved particle filter, Markov chain Monte Carlo particle filter (MCMC-PF), is applied to cope with radar target tracking when the measurements are perturbed by glint noise. Tracking performance of the filter is demonstrated in the present of glint noise by computer simulation. 展开更多
关键词 particle filter Markov chain Monte Carlo glint noise target tracking.
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Remaining useful life prediction for a nonlinear multi-degradation system with public noise 被引量:6
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作者 ZHANG Hanwen CHEN Maoyin ZHOU Donghua 《Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics》 SCIE EI CSCD 2018年第2期429-435,共7页
To predict the remaining useful life(RUL) for a class of nonlinear multi-degradation systems, a method is presented. In the real industrial processes, systems are usually composed by several parts or components, and t... To predict the remaining useful life(RUL) for a class of nonlinear multi-degradation systems, a method is presented. In the real industrial processes, systems are usually composed by several parts or components, and these parts or components are working in the same environment, thus the degradations of these parts or components will be influenced by common factors. To describe such a phenomenon in degradations, a multi-degradation model with public noise is proposed. To identify the degradation states and the unknown parameters, an iterative estimation method is proposed by using the Kalman filter and the expectation maximization(EM) algorithm. Next, with known thresholds,the RUL of each degradation can be predicted by using the first hitting time(FHT). In addition, the RUL of the whole system can be obtained by a Copula function. Finally, a practical case is used to demonstrate the method proposed. 展开更多
关键词 remaining useful life(RUL) multi-degradation system public noise nonlinear degradation process
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Filtering of long-term dependent fractal noise in fiber optic gyroscope 被引量:5
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作者 Chunhong Hua Zhang Ren Minhu Zhang 《Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics》 SCIE EI CSCD 2010年第6期1041-1045,共5页
Stochastic noises of fiber optic gyroscope (FOG) mainly contain white noise and fractal noise whose long-term dependent component causes FOG a rather slow drift. In order to eliminate this component, a two-step filt... Stochastic noises of fiber optic gyroscope (FOG) mainly contain white noise and fractal noise whose long-term dependent component causes FOG a rather slow drift. In order to eliminate this component, a two-step filtering methodology is proposed. Firstly, fractional differencing (FD) method is introduced to trans-form fractal noise into fractional white noise based on the estima-tion of Hurst exponent for long-term dependent fractal process, which together with the existing white noise make up of a gener-alized white noise. Further, an improved denoising algorithm of wavelet maxima is developed to suppress the generalized white noise. Experimental results show that the basic noise terms of FOG greatly decrease, and especially the slow drift is restrained effectively. The proposed methodology provides a promising ap-proach for filtering long-term dependent fractal noise. 展开更多
关键词 fiber optic gyroscope (FOG) fractal noise long-term dependence fractional differencing wavelet denoising.
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Minimum geometric power distortionless response beamforming against heavy-tailed noise of unknown statistics 被引量:3
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作者 Wenchang Wang Lei Li +1 位作者 Chunjing Liu Feng Liu 《Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics》 SCIE EI CSCD 2011年第5期749-753,共5页
A minimum geometric power distortionless response beamforming approach against impulsive noise (including all α- stable noise) of unknown statistics is proposed. Due to that definite logarithmic moments require no ... A minimum geometric power distortionless response beamforming approach against impulsive noise (including all α- stable noise) of unknown statistics is proposed. Due to that definite logarithmic moments require no priori knowledge of impulsive noise, this new beamformer substitutes the logarithmic moments for the second-order moments and iteratively minimizes the "ge- ometric power" of the beamformer.s output snapshots, subjected to a linear constraint. Therefore, the proposed beamformer can provide significantly higher output geometric signal-to-noise-andinterference ratio. Moreover, the optimum weight vector is obtained by using a new iteration process. The simulation results prove that the new method is effective. 展开更多
关键词 array signal processing BEAMFORMING geometric power impulsive noise logarithmic moments.
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An algorithm to remove noise from locomotive bearing vibration signal based on self-adaptive EEMD filter 被引量:4
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作者 王春生 沙春阳 +1 位作者 粟梅 胡玉坤 《Journal of Central South University》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2017年第2期478-488,共11页
An improved ensemble empirical mode decomposition(EEMD) algorithm is described in this work, in which the sifting and ensemble number are self-adaptive. In particular, the new algorithm can effectively avoid the mode ... An improved ensemble empirical mode decomposition(EEMD) algorithm is described in this work, in which the sifting and ensemble number are self-adaptive. In particular, the new algorithm can effectively avoid the mode mixing problem. The algorithm has been validated with a simulation signal and locomotive bearing vibration signal. The results show that the proposed self-adaptive EEMD algorithm has a better filtering performance compared with the conventional EEMD. The filter results further show that the feature of the signal can be distinguished clearly with the proposed algorithm, which implies that the fault characteristics of the locomotive bearing can be detected successfully. 展开更多
关键词 locomotive bearing vibration signal enhancement self-adaptive EEMD parameter-varying noise signal feature extraction
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Performance analysis of Turbo-Codes in communication channels with impulsive noise 被引量:3
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作者 Li Chong Deng Weibo Duan Lingjie 《Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics》 SCIE EI CSCD 2009年第1期27-31,共5页
Performance of Turbo-Codes in communication channels with impulsive noise is analyzed. First, mathematical model of impulsive noise is presented because it has non-Gaussian nature and is found in many wireless channel... Performance of Turbo-Codes in communication channels with impulsive noise is analyzed. First, mathematical model of impulsive noise is presented because it has non-Gaussian nature and is found in many wireless channels due to impulsive phenomena of radio-frequency interference. Then, with linear Log-MAP decoding algorithm for its low complexity, Turbo-Codes are adopted and analyzed in such communication channels. To confirm the performance of the proposed method, simulations on both static and fully interleaved flat Rayleigh fading channels with impulsive noise have been carried out. It is shown that Turbo-Codes have a better performance than the conventional methods (e.g. convolutionally coded system). 展开更多
关键词 Turbo-Codes impulsive noise LOG-MAP Gaussian mixture distribution universal nobile telecommu-nications system.
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