Reconfigurable intelligent surface(RIS)is a novel meta-material which can form a smart radio environment by dynamically altering reflection directions of the impinging electromagnetic waves.In the prior literature,the...Reconfigurable intelligent surface(RIS)is a novel meta-material which can form a smart radio environment by dynamically altering reflection directions of the impinging electromagnetic waves.In the prior literature,the inter-RIS links which also contribute to the performance of the whole system are usually neglected when multiple RISs are deployed.In this paper we investigate a general double-RIS assisted multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO)wireless communication system under spatially correlated non line-of-sight propagation channels,where the cooperation of the double RISs is also considered.The design objective is to maximize the achievable ergodic rate based on full statistical channel state information(CSI).Specifically,we firstly present a closedform asymptotic expression for the achievable ergodic rate by utilizing replica method from statistical physics.Then a full statistical CSI-enabled optimal design is proposed which avoids high pilot training overhead compared to instantaneous CSI-enabled design.To further reduce the signal processing overhead and lower the complexity for practical realization,a common-phase scheme is proposed to design the double RISs.Simulation results show that the derived asymptotic ergodic rate is quite accurate even for small-sized antenna arrays.And the proposed optimization algorithm can achieve substantial gain at the expense of a low overhead and complexity.Furthermore,the cooperative double-RIS assisted MIMO framework is proven to achieve superior ergodic rate performance and high communication reliability under harsh propagation environment.展开更多
Electric double layer(EDL)is a critical topic in electrochemistry and largely determines the working performance of lithium batteries.However,atomic insights into the EDL structures on heteroatom-modified graphite ano...Electric double layer(EDL)is a critical topic in electrochemistry and largely determines the working performance of lithium batteries.However,atomic insights into the EDL structures on heteroatom-modified graphite anodes and EDL evolution with electrode potential are very lacking.Herein,a constant-potential molecular dynamics(CPMD)method is proposed to probe the EDL structure under working conditions,taking N-doped graphite electrodes and carbonate electrolytes as an example.An interface model was developed,incorporating the electrode potential and atom electronegativities.As a result,an insightful atomic scenario for the EDL structure under varied electrode potentials has been established,which unveils the important role of doping sites in regulating both the EDL structures and the following electrochemical reactions at the atomic level.Specifically,the negatively charged N atoms repel the anions and adsorb Li~+at high and low potentials,respectively.Such preferential adsorption suggests that Ndoped graphite can promote Li~+desolvation and regulate the location of Li~+deposition.This CPMD method not only unveils the mysterious function of N-doping from the viewpoint of EDL at the atomic level but also applies to probe the interfacial structure on other complicated electrodes.展开更多
In this paper, the modification of double Laplace decomposition method is pro- posed for the analytical approximation solution of a coupled system of pseudo-parabolic equation with initial conditions. Some examples ar...In this paper, the modification of double Laplace decomposition method is pro- posed for the analytical approximation solution of a coupled system of pseudo-parabolic equation with initial conditions. Some examples are given to support our presented method. In addition, we prove the convergence of double Laplace transform decomposition method applied to our problems.展开更多
Lithium-ion(Li-ion) battery and lithium-sulfur(Li-S) battery have attracted significant attention as promising components for large-scale energy storage because of high theoretical capacity of Li,excellent energy dens...Lithium-ion(Li-ion) battery and lithium-sulfur(Li-S) battery have attracted significant attention as promising components for large-scale energy storage because of high theoretical capacity of Li,excellent energy density or environmental friendness for two kinds of batteries.However,there still exist some respective obstacles for commercial applications,such as limited theoretical capacity,high cost and low conductivity of Li-ion cells or shuttle effect of lithium polysulfides of Li-S cells.As typical twodimensional materials,layered double hydroxides(LDHs) exhibit excellent potential in the field of energy storage due to facile tunability of composition,structure and morphology as well as convenient composite and strong catalytic properties.Consequently,various LDHs toward novel separators or interlayers,cathodes,anodes,and interesting catalytic templates are researched to resolve these challenges.In this review,the recent progress for LDHs applied in Li-ion batteries and Li-S batteries including the synthesis methods,designs and applications is presented and reviewed.Meanwhile,the existing challenges and future perspectives associated with material designs and practical applications of LDHs for these two classes of cells are discussed.WeWe hope that the review can attract more attention and inspire more profound researches toward the LDH-based electrochemical materials for energy storage.展开更多
A new feedback control method is derived based on the lattice hydrodynamic model in a single lane. A signal based on the double flux difference is designed in the lattice hydrodynamic model to suppress the traffic jam...A new feedback control method is derived based on the lattice hydrodynamic model in a single lane. A signal based on the double flux difference is designed in the lattice hydrodynamic model to suppress the traffic jam. The stability of the model is analyzed by using the new control method. The advantage of the new model with and without the effect of double flux difference is explored by the numerical simulation. The numerical simulations demonstrate that the traffic jam can be alleviated by the control signal.展开更多
Exact analytical solutions of the Dirac equation are reported for the Poschl-Teller double-ring-shaped Coulomb potential.The radial,polar,and azimuthal parts of the Dirac equation are solved using the Nikiforov-Uvarov...Exact analytical solutions of the Dirac equation are reported for the Poschl-Teller double-ring-shaped Coulomb potential.The radial,polar,and azimuthal parts of the Dirac equation are solved using the Nikiforov-Uvarov method,and the exact bound-state energy eigenvalues and corresponding two-component spinor wavefunctions are reported.展开更多
Purpose:It is necessary to determine whether the value of network information exists or not from users’perspective.This study is to develop a new approach,called'double-proportion'method(DPM),to determine the...Purpose:It is necessary to determine whether the value of network information exists or not from users’perspective.This study is to develop a new approach,called'double-proportion'method(DPM),to determine the point of information obsolescence.Design/methodology/approach:Firstly,DPM is produced and introduced with statistics in great detail.Secondly,two data sets from Qiangguo Forum and NetEase News are used to validate DPM.Finally,the distributions of lifetime of the two sets are compared and reasons for the differences are revealed.Findings:In Qiangguo Forum,posts with no comments within 17 h can be identified as obsolescence,which indicates that approximately 83%of posts information has died within24 h,92%died within 36 h and almost all died within 54 h;While in NetEase News,news without comments within 28 h can be identified as obsolescence.Research limitations:This study adopted comments as the only behavior indicator,for further study other indicators like page views,republished times need to be used,to exploit better solutions for information obsolescence.Practical implications:According to obsolescence determination,network managers can optimize webpages more rationally,delete aged information in time,preserve valuable information,help search engines ignore aged webpages,optimize reptiles’mechanisms,and help advertisers choose webpages rationally to advertise online.Originality/value:Firstly,DPM is designed from users’perspective to describe the lifetime of information;Secondly,DPM is easy to use.DPM merges and improves former methods by taking the long-tail theory and Pareto principle into consideration.展开更多
A anified plasma sheath model and its potential equation are proposed. Any higher-ordor-approximation analytical solutions for the unified plasma sheath potential equa tiop are derived by double decomposition method.
Filtering efficiency of the Chinese-made filter 1 has been measured by the double-filter method with only one set of measurement equipment. The β counts of the two filters are measured in turn for every 3 minutes, fr...Filtering efficiency of the Chinese-made filter 1 has been measured by the double-filter method with only one set of measurement equipment. The β counts of the two filters are measured in turn for every 3 minutes, from which the decay constants are extracted to be 0.0131 min-1 and 0.0129 min-1 for the first and second filter respectively. After correcting the β counts of the second filter, the filtering efficiency of the filter is obtained to be (87.4±0.7)% in average.展开更多
The x-ray energies and transition rates associated with single and double electron radiative transitions from the double K hole state 2s2p to the 1s2s and 1s^2 configurations of 11 selected He-like ions(10 ≤ Z ≤ 47)...The x-ray energies and transition rates associated with single and double electron radiative transitions from the double K hole state 2s2p to the 1s2s and 1s^2 configurations of 11 selected He-like ions(10 ≤ Z ≤ 47) are calculated using the fully relativistic multi-configuration Dirac–Fock method(MCDF). An appropriate electron correlation model is constructed with the aid of the active space method, which allows the electron correlation effects to be studied efficiently. The contributions of the electron correlation and the Breit interaction to the transition properties are analyzed in detail. It is found that the two-electron one-photon(TEOP) transition is correlation sensitive. The Breit interaction and electron correlation both contribute significantly to the radiative transition properties of the double K hole state of the He-like ions. Good agreement between the present calculation and previous work is achieved. The calculated data will be helpful to future investigations on double K hole decay processes of He-like ions.展开更多
The double pulse sources （DPS） method is presented for linear track estimation in this work. In the field of noise identification of underwater moving target, the Doppler will distort the frequency and amplitude of ...The double pulse sources （DPS） method is presented for linear track estimation in this work. In the field of noise identification of underwater moving target, the Doppler will distort the frequency and amplitude of the radiated noise. To eliminate this, the track estimation is necessary. In the DPS method, we first estimate bearings of two sinusoidal pulse sources installed in the moving target through baseline positioning method. Meanwhile, the emitted and recorded time of each pulse are also acquired. Then the linear track parameters will be achieved based on the geometry pattern with the help of double sources spacing. The simulated results confirm that the DPS improves the performance of the previous double source spacing method. The simulated experiments were carried out using a moving battery car to further evaluate its performance. When the target is 40-60m away, the experiment results show that biases of track azimuth and abeam distance of DPS are under 0.6° and 3.4m, respectively. And the average deviation of estimated velocity is around 0.25m/s.展开更多
This paper uses the classical ensemble method to study the double ionization of a 2-dimensional （2D） model helium atom interacting with an elliptically polarized laser pulse. The classical ensemble calculation demon...This paper uses the classical ensemble method to study the double ionization of a 2-dimensional （2D） model helium atom interacting with an elliptically polarized laser pulse. The classical ensemble calculation demonstrates that the ratio of double to single ionization decreases with the increasing ellipticity of the driving field. The classical scenario shows that there are hardly any e--e recollisions with the circularly polarized laser pulse. The double ionization probability is studied for linearly and circularly polarized laser pulses. The classical numerical results are consistent with the semiclassical rescattering mechanism and in agreement with the experimental results and the quantum calculations qualitatively.展开更多
The exact solutions of the Schr6dinger equation with the double ring-shaped Coulomb potential are presented, including the bound states, continuous states on the ＂k/2π scale＂, and the calculation formula of the pha...The exact solutions of the Schr6dinger equation with the double ring-shaped Coulomb potential are presented, including the bound states, continuous states on the ＂k/2π scale＂, and the calculation formula of the phase shifts. The polar angular wave functions are expressed by constructing the so-called super-universal associated Legendre polynomials. Some special cases are discussed in detail.展开更多
By using a two-dimensional Monte-Carlo classical ensemble method, we investigate the double ionization（DI） process of the CS_2 molecule with different bond lengths in an 800-nm intense laser field. The double ioniza...By using a two-dimensional Monte-Carlo classical ensemble method, we investigate the double ionization（DI） process of the CS_2 molecule with different bond lengths in an 800-nm intense laser field. The double ionization probability presents a ＂knee＂ structure with equilibrium internuclear distance R = 2.9245 a.u.（a.u. is short for atomic unit）. As the bond length of CS increases, the DI probability is enhanced and the ＂knee＂ structure becomes less obvious. In addition,the momentum distribution of double ionized electrons is also investigated, which shows the momentum mostly distributed in the first and third quadrants with equilibrium internuclear distance R = 2.9245 a.u. As the bond length of CS increases,the electron momentum becomes evenly distributed in the four quadrants. Furthermore, the energy distributions and the corresponding trajectories of the double-ionized electrons versus time are also demonstrated, which show that the bond length of CS in the CS_2 molecule plays a key role in the DI process.展开更多
A three-dimensional model of the double-slot coupled cavity slow-wave structure （CCSWS） with a solid round elec- tron beam for the beam-wave interaction is presented. Based on the ＂cold＂ dispersion, the ＂hot＂ di...A three-dimensional model of the double-slot coupled cavity slow-wave structure （CCSWS） with a solid round elec- tron beam for the beam-wave interaction is presented. Based on the ＂cold＂ dispersion, the ＂hot＂ dispersion equation is derived with the Maxwell equations by using the variable separation method and the field-matching method. Through numerical calculations, the effects of the electron beam parameters and the staggered angle between adjacent walls on the linear gain are analyzed.展开更多
Interaction between high-intensity pulsed ion beam （HIPIB） and a double-layer target with titanium film on top of aluminum substrate was simulated. The two-dimensional nonlinear thermal conduction equations, with th...Interaction between high-intensity pulsed ion beam （HIPIB） and a double-layer target with titanium film on top of aluminum substrate was simulated. The two-dimensional nonlinear thermal conduction equations, with the deposited energy in the target taken as source term, were derived and solved by finite differential method. As a result, the two-dimensional spatial and temporal evolution profiles of temperature were obtained for a titanium/aluminum double-layer target irradiated by a pulse of HIPIB. The effects of ion beam current density on the phase state of the target materials near the film and substrate interface were analyzed. Both titanium and aluminum were melted near the interface after a shot when the ion beam current density fell in the range of 100 A/cm2 to 200 A/cm2.展开更多
基金supported in part by the Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University(XJTLU)Research Development Fund(2024–2027)under Grant RDF-23-02-010supported in part by the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation under Grant 2023A1515110732+5 种基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)under Grant 62071247supported in part by the Science and Technology Development Fund,Macao,China SAR under Grants 0087/2022/AFJ and 001/2024/SKLin part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 62261160650in part by the Research Committee of University of Macao,Macao SAR,China under Grants MYRG-GRG2023-00116-FST-UMDF and MYRG2020-00095-FSTsupported in part by the NSFC under Grant 62261160576 and 62301148in part by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities under Grant 2242023K5003.
文摘Reconfigurable intelligent surface(RIS)is a novel meta-material which can form a smart radio environment by dynamically altering reflection directions of the impinging electromagnetic waves.In the prior literature,the inter-RIS links which also contribute to the performance of the whole system are usually neglected when multiple RISs are deployed.In this paper we investigate a general double-RIS assisted multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO)wireless communication system under spatially correlated non line-of-sight propagation channels,where the cooperation of the double RISs is also considered.The design objective is to maximize the achievable ergodic rate based on full statistical channel state information(CSI).Specifically,we firstly present a closedform asymptotic expression for the achievable ergodic rate by utilizing replica method from statistical physics.Then a full statistical CSI-enabled optimal design is proposed which avoids high pilot training overhead compared to instantaneous CSI-enabled design.To further reduce the signal processing overhead and lower the complexity for practical realization,a common-phase scheme is proposed to design the double RISs.Simulation results show that the derived asymptotic ergodic rate is quite accurate even for small-sized antenna arrays.And the proposed optimization algorithm can achieve substantial gain at the expense of a low overhead and complexity.Furthermore,the cooperative double-RIS assisted MIMO framework is proven to achieve superior ergodic rate performance and high communication reliability under harsh propagation environment.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(T2322015,22209094,22209093,and 22109086)the National Key Research and Development Program(2021YFB2500300)+2 种基金the Open Research Fund of CNMGE Platform&NSCC-TJOrdos-Tsinghua Innovative&Collaborative Research Program in Carbon Neutralitythe Tsinghua University Initiative Scientific Research Program。
文摘Electric double layer(EDL)is a critical topic in electrochemistry and largely determines the working performance of lithium batteries.However,atomic insights into the EDL structures on heteroatom-modified graphite anodes and EDL evolution with electrode potential are very lacking.Herein,a constant-potential molecular dynamics(CPMD)method is proposed to probe the EDL structure under working conditions,taking N-doped graphite electrodes and carbonate electrolytes as an example.An interface model was developed,incorporating the electrode potential and atom electronegativities.As a result,an insightful atomic scenario for the EDL structure under varied electrode potentials has been established,which unveils the important role of doping sites in regulating both the EDL structures and the following electrochemical reactions at the atomic level.Specifically,the negatively charged N atoms repel the anions and adsorb Li~+at high and low potentials,respectively.Such preferential adsorption suggests that Ndoped graphite can promote Li~+desolvation and regulate the location of Li~+deposition.This CPMD method not only unveils the mysterious function of N-doping from the viewpoint of EDL at the atomic level but also applies to probe the interfacial structure on other complicated electrodes.
文摘In this paper, the modification of double Laplace decomposition method is pro- posed for the analytical approximation solution of a coupled system of pseudo-parabolic equation with initial conditions. Some examples are given to support our presented method. In addition, we prove the convergence of double Laplace transform decomposition method applied to our problems.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51973157,51673148 and 51678411)the Special Grade of the Financial Support from the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2020 T130469)+1 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Grant(2019 M651047)the Science and Technology Plans of Tianjin(No.17PTSYJC00040 and18PTSYJC00180)for their financial support。
文摘Lithium-ion(Li-ion) battery and lithium-sulfur(Li-S) battery have attracted significant attention as promising components for large-scale energy storage because of high theoretical capacity of Li,excellent energy density or environmental friendness for two kinds of batteries.However,there still exist some respective obstacles for commercial applications,such as limited theoretical capacity,high cost and low conductivity of Li-ion cells or shuttle effect of lithium polysulfides of Li-S cells.As typical twodimensional materials,layered double hydroxides(LDHs) exhibit excellent potential in the field of energy storage due to facile tunability of composition,structure and morphology as well as convenient composite and strong catalytic properties.Consequently,various LDHs toward novel separators or interlayers,cathodes,anodes,and interesting catalytic templates are researched to resolve these challenges.In this review,the recent progress for LDHs applied in Li-ion batteries and Li-S batteries including the synthesis methods,designs and applications is presented and reviewed.Meanwhile,the existing challenges and future perspectives associated with material designs and practical applications of LDHs for these two classes of cells are discussed.WeWe hope that the review can attract more attention and inspire more profound researches toward the LDH-based electrochemical materials for energy storage.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11702153,71571107,and 61773290)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province,China(Grant No.LY18A010003)the K.C.Wong Magna Fund in Ningbo University,China
文摘A new feedback control method is derived based on the lattice hydrodynamic model in a single lane. A signal based on the double flux difference is designed in the lattice hydrodynamic model to suppress the traffic jam. The stability of the model is analyzed by using the new control method. The advantage of the new model with and without the effect of double flux difference is explored by the numerical simulation. The numerical simulations demonstrate that the traffic jam can be alleviated by the control signal.
文摘Exact analytical solutions of the Dirac equation are reported for the Poschl-Teller double-ring-shaped Coulomb potential.The radial,polar,and azimuthal parts of the Dirac equation are solved using the Nikiforov-Uvarov method,and the exact bound-state energy eigenvalues and corresponding two-component spinor wavefunctions are reported.
基金supported by the National Social Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12CTQ025)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.70833005)
文摘Purpose:It is necessary to determine whether the value of network information exists or not from users’perspective.This study is to develop a new approach,called'double-proportion'method(DPM),to determine the point of information obsolescence.Design/methodology/approach:Firstly,DPM is produced and introduced with statistics in great detail.Secondly,two data sets from Qiangguo Forum and NetEase News are used to validate DPM.Finally,the distributions of lifetime of the two sets are compared and reasons for the differences are revealed.Findings:In Qiangguo Forum,posts with no comments within 17 h can be identified as obsolescence,which indicates that approximately 83%of posts information has died within24 h,92%died within 36 h and almost all died within 54 h;While in NetEase News,news without comments within 28 h can be identified as obsolescence.Research limitations:This study adopted comments as the only behavior indicator,for further study other indicators like page views,republished times need to be used,to exploit better solutions for information obsolescence.Practical implications:According to obsolescence determination,network managers can optimize webpages more rationally,delete aged information in time,preserve valuable information,help search engines ignore aged webpages,optimize reptiles’mechanisms,and help advertisers choose webpages rationally to advertise online.Originality/value:Firstly,DPM is designed from users’perspective to describe the lifetime of information;Secondly,DPM is easy to use.DPM merges and improves former methods by taking the long-tail theory and Pareto principle into consideration.
文摘A anified plasma sheath model and its potential equation are proposed. Any higher-ordor-approximation analytical solutions for the unified plasma sheath potential equa tiop are derived by double decomposition method.
文摘Filtering efficiency of the Chinese-made filter 1 has been measured by the double-filter method with only one set of measurement equipment. The β counts of the two filters are measured in turn for every 3 minutes, from which the decay constants are extracted to be 0.0131 min-1 and 0.0129 min-1 for the first and second filter respectively. After correcting the β counts of the second filter, the filtering efficiency of the filter is obtained to be (87.4±0.7)% in average.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.U1832126 and 11874051)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2017YFA0402300)。
文摘The x-ray energies and transition rates associated with single and double electron radiative transitions from the double K hole state 2s2p to the 1s2s and 1s^2 configurations of 11 selected He-like ions(10 ≤ Z ≤ 47) are calculated using the fully relativistic multi-configuration Dirac–Fock method(MCDF). An appropriate electron correlation model is constructed with the aid of the active space method, which allows the electron correlation effects to be studied efficiently. The contributions of the electron correlation and the Breit interaction to the transition properties are analyzed in detail. It is found that the two-electron one-photon(TEOP) transition is correlation sensitive. The Breit interaction and electron correlation both contribute significantly to the radiative transition properties of the double K hole state of the He-like ions. Good agreement between the present calculation and previous work is achieved. The calculated data will be helpful to future investigations on double K hole decay processes of He-like ions.
文摘The double pulse sources （DPS） method is presented for linear track estimation in this work. In the field of noise identification of underwater moving target, the Doppler will distort the frequency and amplitude of the radiated noise. To eliminate this, the track estimation is necessary. In the DPS method, we first estimate bearings of two sinusoidal pulse sources installed in the moving target through baseline positioning method. Meanwhile, the emitted and recorded time of each pulse are also acquired. Then the linear track parameters will be achieved based on the geometry pattern with the help of double sources spacing. The simulated results confirm that the DPS improves the performance of the previous double source spacing method. The simulated experiments were carried out using a moving battery car to further evaluate its performance. When the target is 40-60m away, the experiment results show that biases of track azimuth and abeam distance of DPS are under 0.6° and 3.4m, respectively. And the average deviation of estimated velocity is around 0.25m/s.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 10974068 and 10574057)
文摘This paper uses the classical ensemble method to study the double ionization of a 2-dimensional （2D） model helium atom interacting with an elliptically polarized laser pulse. The classical ensemble calculation demonstrates that the ratio of double to single ionization decreases with the increasing ellipticity of the driving field. The classical scenario shows that there are hardly any e--e recollisions with the circularly polarized laser pulse. The double ionization probability is studied for linearly and circularly polarized laser pulses. The classical numerical results are consistent with the semiclassical rescattering mechanism and in agreement with the experimental results and the quantum calculations qualitatively.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11275165)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,China(Grant No.BK2010291)partly by Secretaria de Investigacio'ny Posgrado de Instituto Polite'cnico Nacional,Mexico(Grant No.20131150-SIP-IPN)
文摘The exact solutions of the Schr6dinger equation with the double ring-shaped Coulomb potential are presented, including the bound states, continuous states on the ＂k/2π scale＂, and the calculation formula of the phase shifts. The polar angular wave functions are expressed by constructing the so-called super-universal associated Legendre polynomials. Some special cases are discussed in detail.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11574117 and11604131)
文摘By using a two-dimensional Monte-Carlo classical ensemble method, we investigate the double ionization（DI） process of the CS_2 molecule with different bond lengths in an 800-nm intense laser field. The double ionization probability presents a ＂knee＂ structure with equilibrium internuclear distance R = 2.9245 a.u.（a.u. is short for atomic unit）. As the bond length of CS increases, the DI probability is enhanced and the ＂knee＂ structure becomes less obvious. In addition,the momentum distribution of double ionized electrons is also investigated, which shows the momentum mostly distributed in the first and third quadrants with equilibrium internuclear distance R = 2.9245 a.u. As the bond length of CS increases,the electron momentum becomes evenly distributed in the four quadrants. Furthermore, the energy distributions and the corresponding trajectories of the double-ionized electrons versus time are also demonstrated, which show that the bond length of CS in the CS_2 molecule plays a key role in the DI process.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11205162)
文摘A three-dimensional model of the double-slot coupled cavity slow-wave structure （CCSWS） with a solid round elec- tron beam for the beam-wave interaction is presented. Based on the ＂cold＂ dispersion, the ＂hot＂ dispersion equation is derived with the Maxwell equations by using the variable separation method and the field-matching method. Through numerical calculations, the effects of the electron beam parameters and the staggered angle between adjacent walls on the linear gain are analyzed.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.10975026)
文摘Interaction between high-intensity pulsed ion beam （HIPIB） and a double-layer target with titanium film on top of aluminum substrate was simulated. The two-dimensional nonlinear thermal conduction equations, with the deposited energy in the target taken as source term, were derived and solved by finite differential method. As a result, the two-dimensional spatial and temporal evolution profiles of temperature were obtained for a titanium/aluminum double-layer target irradiated by a pulse of HIPIB. The effects of ion beam current density on the phase state of the target materials near the film and substrate interface were analyzed. Both titanium and aluminum were melted near the interface after a shot when the ion beam current density fell in the range of 100 A/cm2 to 200 A/cm2.
