A jungle is full of life.You can sometimes see exhibits of jungle animals and learn about them.Monkeys play in jungle trees.Colorful parrots fly and call to one another.Black and orange tigers hunt under the trees.
Food Science of Animal Products(ISSN:2958-4124,e-ISSN:2958-3780)is a peer-reviewed,open access international journal that publishes the latest research findings in the field of animal-origin foods,involving food mater...Food Science of Animal Products(ISSN:2958-4124,e-ISSN:2958-3780)is a peer-reviewed,open access international journal that publishes the latest research findings in the field of animal-origin foods,involving food materials such as meat,aquatic products,milk,eggs,animal offals and edible insects.展开更多
Food Science of Animal Products(ISSN:2958-4124,e-ISSN:2958-3780)is a peer-reviewed,open access international journal that publishes the latest research findings in the field of animal-origin foods,involving food mater...Food Science of Animal Products(ISSN:2958-4124,e-ISSN:2958-3780)is a peer-reviewed,open access international journal that publishes the latest research findings in the field of animal-origin foods,involving food materials such as meat,aquatic products,milk,eggs,animal offals and edible insects.The research scope includes the quality and processing characteristics of food raw materials.展开更多
Food Science of Animal Products (ISSN:2958-4124,e-ISSN:2958-3780)is a peer-reviewed,open access international journal that publishes the latest research findings in the field of animal-origin foods,involving food mate...Food Science of Animal Products (ISSN:2958-4124,e-ISSN:2958-3780)is a peer-reviewed,open access international journal that publishes the latest research findings in the field of animal-origin foods,involving food materials such as meat,aquatic products,milk,eggs,animal offals and edible insects.展开更多
Food Science of Animal Products(ISSN:2958-4124,e-ISSN:2958-3780)is a peer-reviewed,open access international journal that publishes the latest research fi ndings in the fi eld of animal-origin foods,involving food mat...Food Science of Animal Products(ISSN:2958-4124,e-ISSN:2958-3780)is a peer-reviewed,open access international journal that publishes the latest research fi ndings in the fi eld of animal-origin foods,involving food materials such as meat,aquatic products,milk,eggs,animal offals and edible insects.The research scope includes the quality and processing characteristics of food raw materials,the relationships of nutritional components and bioactive substances with human health.展开更多
In vivo monitoring of animal physiological information plays a crucial role in promptly alerting humans to potential diseases in animals and aiding in the exploration of mechanisms underlying human diseases.Currently,...In vivo monitoring of animal physiological information plays a crucial role in promptly alerting humans to potential diseases in animals and aiding in the exploration of mechanisms underlying human diseases.Currently,implantable electrochemical microsensors have emerged as a prominent area of research.These microsensors not only fulfill the technical requirements for monitoring animal physiological information but also offer an ideal platform for integration.They have been extensively studied for their ability to monitor animal physiological information in a minimally invasive manner,characterized by their bloodless,painless features,and exceptional performance.The development of implantable electrochemical microsensors for in vivo monitoring of animal physiological information has witnessed significant scientific and technological advancements through dedicated efforts.This review commenced with a comprehensive discussion of the construction of microsensors,including the materials utilized and the methods employed for fabrication.Following this,we proceeded to explore the various implantation technologies employed for electrochemical microsensors.In addition,a comprehensive overview was provided of the various applications of implantable electrochemical microsensors,specifically in the monitoring of diseases and the investigation of disease mechanisms.Lastly,a concise conclusion was conducted on the recent advancements and significant obstacles pertaining to the practical implementation of implantable electrochemical microsensors.展开更多
In this paper ecogeographical characteristics of forest soil animal i n mountainous districts of the eastern China was analyzed, and results show that soil fauna was very rich in diversified forest habitat, moreover,...In this paper ecogeographical characteristics of forest soil animal i n mountainous districts of the eastern China was analyzed, and results show that soil fauna was very rich in diversified forest habitat, moreover, as times and spaces varied, their compositions and abundance changed obviously too. Forest so il animal decreased gradually in taxa and individual number from the tropics to cold-temperature zone, and they are higher in zonal forest habitat than in other ones on the same mountain. Forest soil animal also got gradually less with incr easing of depth in soil layer, and distributed principally in surface layer. The activities of human had strong affection on faunal composition and diversity of soil animal. On the tropics and subtropics mountains, forest soil animal are le ss in spring-summer than in autumn-winter, whereas they are more in summer-autum n than in winter-spring from warm-temperate zone to cold-temperate zone.展开更多
Abstract:Stephen Crane was an outstanding American novelist,poet,and journalist.He achieved great success in his literary works during his brief career.Crane’s most well-known work,The Red Badge of Courage,is commonl...Abstract:Stephen Crane was an outstanding American novelist,poet,and journalist.He achieved great success in his literary works during his brief career.Crane’s most well-known work,The Red Badge of Courage,is commonly believed to be the first great novel of the American Civil War,largely because of its vivid and detailed description of the experience of warfare.This paper analyzes the images of color,animal and machine,which convey Crane’s thoughts of war:war is full of chaos,brutality,and confusion,without any romantic elements or heroism.展开更多
Animal Farm,which is written by the British writer George Orwell,is famous for its incisive satiric writing style and has been considered as an actual political allegory.This paper intends to re-read it from a differe...Animal Farm,which is written by the British writer George Orwell,is famous for its incisive satiric writing style and has been considered as an actual political allegory.This paper intends to re-read it from a different point of view—to appreciate its black-humorous characteristics from the following five aspects—language games,detached narrative,circular structure,open ending and comic incongruity in characterization.展开更多
Due to different cultural backgrounds, different animal patterns mean different things in different countries,therefore some have become taboos in some countries. For example, poeple in Britain never use elephants in ...Due to different cultural backgrounds, different animal patterns mean different things in different countries,therefore some have become taboos in some countries. For example, poeple in Britain never use elephants in their patterns,the Australians hate rabbits, in many African countries people dislike patterns of dogs,the Swiss people regard the owl (猫头鹰)as展开更多
Due to different cultural backgrounds,different animal patterns mean different things indifferent countries,therefore some have becometaboos in some countries.For example,poeple inBritain never use elephants in their ...Due to different cultural backgrounds,different animal patterns mean different things indifferent countries,therefore some have becometaboos in some countries.For example,poeple inBritain never use elephants in their patterns,theAustralians hate rabbits,in many Africancountries people dislike patterns of dogs,theSwiss people regard the owl(猫头鹰)as展开更多
Objective To establish a model of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome in the elderly (MODSE) by intraperitoneal injection of different doses of zymosan, and to compare the multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) in...Objective To establish a model of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome in the elderly (MODSE) by intraperitoneal injection of different doses of zymosan, and to compare the multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) in adult and in the elderly rats. Methods Adult and senile rats, injected with different doses of zymosan intraperitoneally were examined for the changes in the function and morphology of the vital organs, including heart, liver, brain, lungs, and kidneys using blood gas and biochemistry analysis and histopathological examination methods. Results Compared with the normal controls of the adult and the elderly rats, the blood gas and blood biochemistry changed in different degrees in the different dosed zymosan groups. Pathological changes were also found in the vital organs including lungs, heart, liver, brain, kidneys, erc in the experimental groups. Under the same concentrations of zymosan, the reductions in respiratory, cardiac and renal functions in the senile groups were much more severe than those in the corresponding adult group. In the similar degree of model duplication, the senile rats had the tendency to die later than the adult rats. Conclusions Zymosan can be used in both elderly and adult rats to induce MODS model, and the best dosage for MODSE was 0.Sg/kg injected peritoneally. The model would hopefully be used in the study of mechanisms and the therapeutics on MODSE.展开更多
Cultural differences are permeating in any form of language,including some idioms related with animals.Cross-cultur al communication,which is the ultimate goal of the foreign language studying,has been more and more p...Cultural differences are permeating in any form of language,including some idioms related with animals.Cross-cultur al communication,which is the ultimate goal of the foreign language studying,has been more and more popular in the life of the people from different countries,yet people do so with a little or no awareness of cultural differences.Though people may feel comfortable with standard literary speech,they will probably find themselves in hot water when confronted with idiomatic ex pressions.Idiomatic expressions are a mirror of a distinct cultural connotation is of vital importance.The thesis confines the idiomatic expression only to the animals,for most of the animals are relatively familiar to human be ings and the idiomatic expressions are rich in both Chinese and English.These idiomatic expressions reflect cultural differences more than cultural similarities for each of them has its own origins and shows its own national coloring.The cultural differences can be mainly divided into three categories:cultural conflict,cultural adaptation,and cultural vacancy.Only by acquainting with and awareness of these cultural differences,can people use such idiomatic expressions appropriately and understand them correctly.As a matter of fact,culture and language are interdependent.The awareness of cultural backgrounds is essential for cross-cul tural communication.I hope that every learner will realize the great importance of cultural awareness,and every learner's good intention will receive pleasing responses.展开更多
BACKGROUND:Sepsis-associated encephalopathy(SAE) is a critical disease caused by sepsis.In addition to high mortality,SAE can also adversely aff ect life quality and lead to significant socioeconomic costs.This review...BACKGROUND:Sepsis-associated encephalopathy(SAE) is a critical disease caused by sepsis.In addition to high mortality,SAE can also adversely aff ect life quality and lead to significant socioeconomic costs.This review aims to explore the development of evaluation animal models of SAE,giving insight into the direction of future research in terms of its pathophysiology and therapy.METHODS:We performed a literature search from January 1,2000,to December 31,2022,in MEDLINE,PubMed,EMBASE,and Web of Science using related keywords.Two independent researchers screened all the accessible articles based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria and collected the relevant data of the studies.RESULTS:The animal models for sepsis are commonly induced through cecal ligation and puncture(CLP) or lipopolysaccharide(LPS) injection.SAE can be evaluated using nervous reflex scores and sepsis evaluation during the acute phase,or through Morris water maze(MWM),openfield test,fear condition(FC) test,inhibitory avoidance,and other tests during the late phase.CONCLUSION:CLP and LPS injection are the most common methods for establishing SAE animal models.Nervous reflexs cores,MWM,FC test,and inhibitory avoidance are widely used in SAE model analysis.Future research should focus on establishing a standardized system for SAE development and analysis.展开更多
The Proportion of animal skidding in forest operations in Heilongjiang forest region increased signiticantly in recent years. This paper at first demonstrated and analyzed the development of the animal skidding and ma...The Proportion of animal skidding in forest operations in Heilongjiang forest region increased signiticantly in recent years. This paper at first demonstrated and analyzed the development of the animal skidding and machine skidding, then, evaluated these two means of ground.skidding currently runing in this region both individually and comprehensively under the following criteria: operation efficiency or operation cost, degree of damage to soil and residual stands, accident rate, and natural regeneration. Finally, according to the results of synthetic assessments, cIassitications of operation conditions suitable to each of skidding measures were recommended quqntitatively with considerations of multiple evaluation criteria.展开更多
Taishan Mountain has diverse habitats and abundant groups of soil animals. Five habitats,Platycladus orientalis forest,Pinus densiflora forest,Robinia pseudoacacia forest,Pinus tablaerormis forest and Grassland, were ...Taishan Mountain has diverse habitats and abundant groups of soil animals. Five habitats,Platycladus orientalis forest,Pinus densiflora forest,Robinia pseudoacacia forest,Pinus tablaerormis forest and Grassland, were selected and the diversity of soil animals in different habitats in Mt. Taishan were investigated and studied in 1997–1999. Totally 52 groups of soil animals were found, belonging separately to 7 Phyla, 11 Classes, 25 Orders and 28 suborders or families. There exists remarkable difference in groups, quantity and diversity of soil animals among the five habitats. Grassland habitat was the highest andPinus densiflora forest was the lowest in groups, quantities, Density-group index (DG) and Diversity index of comparing many communities (DIC) of soil animals. Shannon-Wiener’s diversity index (H′) for soil animals of different habitats was in order ofPlatycladus orientalis forest>Pinus densiflora forest>Pinus tablaerormis forest>Grassland>Robinia pseudoacacia forest, Pielou’s equality index (J′) wasPlatycladus orientalis forest>Pinus densiflora forest>Grassland>Pinus tablaerormis forest>Robinia pseudoacacia forest, and Simposn’s dominant index (C) was Grassland>Robinia pseudoacacia forest>Pinus tablaerormis forest>Pinus densiflora forest>Platycladus orientalis forest. The H index and J index of macro-soil animal all were larger than that of mid-small soil animal. Clustering analysis for five soil animal communities and ordination analysis for community structure by multidimensional scaling (MDS) were made and completely identical results were obtained. Soil animal communities of five habitats were divided into 3 groups.展开更多
Objective To investigate the role of peffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging （MRI） in evaluation of cirrhotic fiver. Methods With a 4F catheter, 1% diluted carbon tetrachloride （ 1 ml/kg） was selectively in...Objective To investigate the role of peffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging （MRI） in evaluation of cirrhotic fiver. Methods With a 4F catheter, 1% diluted carbon tetrachloride （ 1 ml/kg） was selectively injected into fight or left hepatic artery of 12 dogs fortnightly. The half fiver into which carbon tetrachloride was injected was called as study side （SS）, while the other half fiver without carbon tetrachloride injection was called as study control side （SCS）. Conventional and peffusion-weighted MRI were performed in every 4 weeks. Via a 4F catheter, 5ml gadolinium diethylentriamine pentaaceti acid （Gd-DTPA） dilution was injected into superior mesenteric artery at the 5th scan. The signal intensity-thne curves of SS, SCS, and portal vein were completed in MR workstation. The maximal relative signal increase （ MRSI）, peak time （ tp）, and slope of the curves were measured. Results On conventional MR images, no abnormalities of externality and signal intensity were observed in both SS and SCS of fiver at each stage. The mean tp, MP, SI, and slope of intensity-time curves in normal fiver were 10. 56 seconds, 1.01, and 10. 23 arbitrary unit （au）/s, respectively. Three parameters of curves didn＇t show obvious change in SCS of fiver at every stage. Abnormal perfusion curves occurred in SS of fiver at the 12th week after the 1st injection. The abnormality of perfusion curve in SS was more and more serious as the times of injection increased. The mean tp, IVlRSI, and slope intensity-time curves in SS of fiver were 19.45 seconds, 0. 43, and 3. 60 au/s respectively at the 24th week. Conclusion Perfusion-weighted imaging can potentially provide information about portal peffusion of hepatic parenchyma, and to some degree, reflect the severity of cirrhosis.展开更多
The effects of soil animals on soil nitrogen (N) mineralization and its availability were studied by investigating soil animal groups and their amounts of macro-faunas sorted by hand, and middle and microfaunas distin...The effects of soil animals on soil nitrogen (N) mineralization and its availability were studied by investigating soil animal groups and their amounts of macro-faunas sorted by hand, and middle and microfaunas distinguished with Tullgren and Baermann methods under three Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica Litv. plantations in Zhanggutai sandy land, China. In addition, soil N mineralization rate was also measured with PVC closed-top tube in situ incubation method. The soil animals collected during growing season belonged to 13 orders, 5 groups, 4 phyla, whose average density was 86 249.17 individuals·m^(-2). There were significant differences in soil animal species, densities, diversities and evenness among three plantations. Permanent grazing resulted in decrease of soil animal species and diversity. The average ammonification, nitrification and mineralization rates were 0.48 g·m^(-2)·a^(-1), 3.68 g·m^(-2)·a^(-1) and 4.16 g·m^(-2)·a^(-1), respectively. The ammonification rate in near-mature forest was higher than that in middle-age forests, while the order of nitrification and net mineralization rates was: middle-age forest without grazing < middle-age forest with grazing < near-mature forest with grazing (P<0.05). Soil N mineralization rate increased with soil animal amounts, but no significant relationship with diversity. The contribution of soil animals to N mineralization was different for different ecosystems due to influences of complex factors including grazing, soil characteristics, the quality and amount of litter on N mineralization.展开更多
Silkworm pupa is a nourishing food with high nutritional value,but its consumption has been greatly limited given its allergenicity.Enzyme hydrolytic technique is recognized as an effective method to reduce the allerg...Silkworm pupa is a nourishing food with high nutritional value,but its consumption has been greatly limited given its allergenicity.Enzyme hydrolytic technique is recognized as an effective method to reduce the allergenicity of protein.In this study,we aimed to investigate the effect of enzymolysis on the allergenicity of silkworm pupa.Crude silkworm pupa protein was extracted through alkali extraction and acid precipitation,which included 5 proteins with the molecular weights ranging from 34 kDa to 76 kDa,and silkworm pupa were then hydrolyzed by alkaline protease.The allergenicity of silkworm pupa protein and its enzymatic hydrolysates was evaluated by establishing BALB/c mice model,and the mice were immunized via intragastric gavage and intraperitoneal injection,respectively.The results indicated that the intraperitoneal inj ection immunization route induced more by detecting with antibodies,histamine and Th2-related cytokines.Moreover,mice treated with silkworm pupa protein peptide displayed no obvious allergic symptoms,indicating that enzyme hydrolytic technique could significantly reduce the allergenicity of silkworm pupa.展开更多
文摘A jungle is full of life.You can sometimes see exhibits of jungle animals and learn about them.Monkeys play in jungle trees.Colorful parrots fly and call to one another.Black and orange tigers hunt under the trees.
文摘Food Science of Animal Products(ISSN:2958-4124,e-ISSN:2958-3780)is a peer-reviewed,open access international journal that publishes the latest research findings in the field of animal-origin foods,involving food materials such as meat,aquatic products,milk,eggs,animal offals and edible insects.
文摘Food Science of Animal Products(ISSN:2958-4124,e-ISSN:2958-3780)is a peer-reviewed,open access international journal that publishes the latest research findings in the field of animal-origin foods,involving food materials such as meat,aquatic products,milk,eggs,animal offals and edible insects.The research scope includes the quality and processing characteristics of food raw materials.
文摘Food Science of Animal Products (ISSN:2958-4124,e-ISSN:2958-3780)is a peer-reviewed,open access international journal that publishes the latest research findings in the field of animal-origin foods,involving food materials such as meat,aquatic products,milk,eggs,animal offals and edible insects.
文摘Food Science of Animal Products(ISSN:2958-4124,e-ISSN:2958-3780)is a peer-reviewed,open access international journal that publishes the latest research fi ndings in the fi eld of animal-origin foods,involving food materials such as meat,aquatic products,milk,eggs,animal offals and edible insects.The research scope includes the quality and processing characteristics of food raw materials,the relationships of nutritional components and bioactive substances with human health.
基金the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82302345).
文摘In vivo monitoring of animal physiological information plays a crucial role in promptly alerting humans to potential diseases in animals and aiding in the exploration of mechanisms underlying human diseases.Currently,implantable electrochemical microsensors have emerged as a prominent area of research.These microsensors not only fulfill the technical requirements for monitoring animal physiological information but also offer an ideal platform for integration.They have been extensively studied for their ability to monitor animal physiological information in a minimally invasive manner,characterized by their bloodless,painless features,and exceptional performance.The development of implantable electrochemical microsensors for in vivo monitoring of animal physiological information has witnessed significant scientific and technological advancements through dedicated efforts.This review commenced with a comprehensive discussion of the construction of microsensors,including the materials utilized and the methods employed for fabrication.Following this,we proceeded to explore the various implantation technologies employed for electrochemical microsensors.In addition,a comprehensive overview was provided of the various applications of implantable electrochemical microsensors,specifically in the monitoring of diseases and the investigation of disease mechanisms.Lastly,a concise conclusion was conducted on the recent advancements and significant obstacles pertaining to the practical implementation of implantable electrochemical microsensors.
文摘In this paper ecogeographical characteristics of forest soil animal i n mountainous districts of the eastern China was analyzed, and results show that soil fauna was very rich in diversified forest habitat, moreover, as times and spaces varied, their compositions and abundance changed obviously too. Forest so il animal decreased gradually in taxa and individual number from the tropics to cold-temperature zone, and they are higher in zonal forest habitat than in other ones on the same mountain. Forest soil animal also got gradually less with incr easing of depth in soil layer, and distributed principally in surface layer. The activities of human had strong affection on faunal composition and diversity of soil animal. On the tropics and subtropics mountains, forest soil animal are le ss in spring-summer than in autumn-winter, whereas they are more in summer-autum n than in winter-spring from warm-temperate zone to cold-temperate zone.
文摘Abstract:Stephen Crane was an outstanding American novelist,poet,and journalist.He achieved great success in his literary works during his brief career.Crane’s most well-known work,The Red Badge of Courage,is commonly believed to be the first great novel of the American Civil War,largely because of its vivid and detailed description of the experience of warfare.This paper analyzes the images of color,animal and machine,which convey Crane’s thoughts of war:war is full of chaos,brutality,and confusion,without any romantic elements or heroism.
文摘Animal Farm,which is written by the British writer George Orwell,is famous for its incisive satiric writing style and has been considered as an actual political allegory.This paper intends to re-read it from a different point of view—to appreciate its black-humorous characteristics from the following five aspects—language games,detached narrative,circular structure,open ending and comic incongruity in characterization.
文摘Due to different cultural backgrounds, different animal patterns mean different things in different countries,therefore some have become taboos in some countries. For example, poeple in Britain never use elephants in their patterns,the Australians hate rabbits, in many African countries people dislike patterns of dogs,the Swiss people regard the owl (猫头鹰)as
文摘Due to different cultural backgrounds,different animal patterns mean different things indifferent countries,therefore some have becometaboos in some countries.For example,poeple inBritain never use elephants in their patterns,theAustralians hate rabbits,in many Africancountries people dislike patterns of dogs,theSwiss people regard the owl(猫头鹰)as
文摘Objective To establish a model of multiple organ dysfunction syndrome in the elderly (MODSE) by intraperitoneal injection of different doses of zymosan, and to compare the multiple organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) in adult and in the elderly rats. Methods Adult and senile rats, injected with different doses of zymosan intraperitoneally were examined for the changes in the function and morphology of the vital organs, including heart, liver, brain, lungs, and kidneys using blood gas and biochemistry analysis and histopathological examination methods. Results Compared with the normal controls of the adult and the elderly rats, the blood gas and blood biochemistry changed in different degrees in the different dosed zymosan groups. Pathological changes were also found in the vital organs including lungs, heart, liver, brain, kidneys, erc in the experimental groups. Under the same concentrations of zymosan, the reductions in respiratory, cardiac and renal functions in the senile groups were much more severe than those in the corresponding adult group. In the similar degree of model duplication, the senile rats had the tendency to die later than the adult rats. Conclusions Zymosan can be used in both elderly and adult rats to induce MODS model, and the best dosage for MODSE was 0.Sg/kg injected peritoneally. The model would hopefully be used in the study of mechanisms and the therapeutics on MODSE.
文摘Cultural differences are permeating in any form of language,including some idioms related with animals.Cross-cultur al communication,which is the ultimate goal of the foreign language studying,has been more and more popular in the life of the people from different countries,yet people do so with a little or no awareness of cultural differences.Though people may feel comfortable with standard literary speech,they will probably find themselves in hot water when confronted with idiomatic ex pressions.Idiomatic expressions are a mirror of a distinct cultural connotation is of vital importance.The thesis confines the idiomatic expression only to the animals,for most of the animals are relatively familiar to human be ings and the idiomatic expressions are rich in both Chinese and English.These idiomatic expressions reflect cultural differences more than cultural similarities for each of them has its own origins and shows its own national coloring.The cultural differences can be mainly divided into three categories:cultural conflict,cultural adaptation,and cultural vacancy.Only by acquainting with and awareness of these cultural differences,can people use such idiomatic expressions appropriately and understand them correctly.As a matter of fact,culture and language are interdependent.The awareness of cultural backgrounds is essential for cross-cul tural communication.I hope that every learner will realize the great importance of cultural awareness,and every learner's good intention will receive pleasing responses.
基金supported by the National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Fund (2022-PUMCH-B-109)CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences (CIFMS)(2021-1-I2M-020)。
文摘BACKGROUND:Sepsis-associated encephalopathy(SAE) is a critical disease caused by sepsis.In addition to high mortality,SAE can also adversely aff ect life quality and lead to significant socioeconomic costs.This review aims to explore the development of evaluation animal models of SAE,giving insight into the direction of future research in terms of its pathophysiology and therapy.METHODS:We performed a literature search from January 1,2000,to December 31,2022,in MEDLINE,PubMed,EMBASE,and Web of Science using related keywords.Two independent researchers screened all the accessible articles based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria and collected the relevant data of the studies.RESULTS:The animal models for sepsis are commonly induced through cecal ligation and puncture(CLP) or lipopolysaccharide(LPS) injection.SAE can be evaluated using nervous reflex scores and sepsis evaluation during the acute phase,or through Morris water maze(MWM),openfield test,fear condition(FC) test,inhibitory avoidance,and other tests during the late phase.CONCLUSION:CLP and LPS injection are the most common methods for establishing SAE animal models.Nervous reflexs cores,MWM,FC test,and inhibitory avoidance are widely used in SAE model analysis.Future research should focus on establishing a standardized system for SAE development and analysis.
文摘The Proportion of animal skidding in forest operations in Heilongjiang forest region increased signiticantly in recent years. This paper at first demonstrated and analyzed the development of the animal skidding and machine skidding, then, evaluated these two means of ground.skidding currently runing in this region both individually and comprehensively under the following criteria: operation efficiency or operation cost, degree of damage to soil and residual stands, accident rate, and natural regeneration. Finally, according to the results of synthetic assessments, cIassitications of operation conditions suitable to each of skidding measures were recommended quqntitatively with considerations of multiple evaluation criteria.
文摘Taishan Mountain has diverse habitats and abundant groups of soil animals. Five habitats,Platycladus orientalis forest,Pinus densiflora forest,Robinia pseudoacacia forest,Pinus tablaerormis forest and Grassland, were selected and the diversity of soil animals in different habitats in Mt. Taishan were investigated and studied in 1997–1999. Totally 52 groups of soil animals were found, belonging separately to 7 Phyla, 11 Classes, 25 Orders and 28 suborders or families. There exists remarkable difference in groups, quantity and diversity of soil animals among the five habitats. Grassland habitat was the highest andPinus densiflora forest was the lowest in groups, quantities, Density-group index (DG) and Diversity index of comparing many communities (DIC) of soil animals. Shannon-Wiener’s diversity index (H′) for soil animals of different habitats was in order ofPlatycladus orientalis forest>Pinus densiflora forest>Pinus tablaerormis forest>Grassland>Robinia pseudoacacia forest, Pielou’s equality index (J′) wasPlatycladus orientalis forest>Pinus densiflora forest>Grassland>Pinus tablaerormis forest>Robinia pseudoacacia forest, and Simposn’s dominant index (C) was Grassland>Robinia pseudoacacia forest>Pinus tablaerormis forest>Pinus densiflora forest>Platycladus orientalis forest. The H index and J index of macro-soil animal all were larger than that of mid-small soil animal. Clustering analysis for five soil animal communities and ordination analysis for community structure by multidimensional scaling (MDS) were made and completely identical results were obtained. Soil animal communities of five habitats were divided into 3 groups.
文摘Objective To investigate the role of peffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging （MRI） in evaluation of cirrhotic fiver. Methods With a 4F catheter, 1% diluted carbon tetrachloride （ 1 ml/kg） was selectively injected into fight or left hepatic artery of 12 dogs fortnightly. The half fiver into which carbon tetrachloride was injected was called as study side （SS）, while the other half fiver without carbon tetrachloride injection was called as study control side （SCS）. Conventional and peffusion-weighted MRI were performed in every 4 weeks. Via a 4F catheter, 5ml gadolinium diethylentriamine pentaaceti acid （Gd-DTPA） dilution was injected into superior mesenteric artery at the 5th scan. The signal intensity-thne curves of SS, SCS, and portal vein were completed in MR workstation. The maximal relative signal increase （ MRSI）, peak time （ tp）, and slope of the curves were measured. Results On conventional MR images, no abnormalities of externality and signal intensity were observed in both SS and SCS of fiver at each stage. The mean tp, MP, SI, and slope of intensity-time curves in normal fiver were 10. 56 seconds, 1.01, and 10. 23 arbitrary unit （au）/s, respectively. Three parameters of curves didn＇t show obvious change in SCS of fiver at every stage. Abnormal perfusion curves occurred in SS of fiver at the 12th week after the 1st injection. The abnormality of perfusion curve in SS was more and more serious as the times of injection increased. The mean tp, IVlRSI, and slope intensity-time curves in SS of fiver were 19.45 seconds, 0. 43, and 3. 60 au/s respectively at the 24th week. Conclusion Perfusion-weighted imaging can potentially provide information about portal peffusion of hepatic parenchyma, and to some degree, reflect the severity of cirrhosis.
基金This research was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (30471377 & 30600473)the National Programs for Science and Technology Development of China (No. 2005BA517A03).
文摘The effects of soil animals on soil nitrogen (N) mineralization and its availability were studied by investigating soil animal groups and their amounts of macro-faunas sorted by hand, and middle and microfaunas distinguished with Tullgren and Baermann methods under three Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica Litv. plantations in Zhanggutai sandy land, China. In addition, soil N mineralization rate was also measured with PVC closed-top tube in situ incubation method. The soil animals collected during growing season belonged to 13 orders, 5 groups, 4 phyla, whose average density was 86 249.17 individuals·m^(-2). There were significant differences in soil animal species, densities, diversities and evenness among three plantations. Permanent grazing resulted in decrease of soil animal species and diversity. The average ammonification, nitrification and mineralization rates were 0.48 g·m^(-2)·a^(-1), 3.68 g·m^(-2)·a^(-1) and 4.16 g·m^(-2)·a^(-1), respectively. The ammonification rate in near-mature forest was higher than that in middle-age forests, while the order of nitrification and net mineralization rates was: middle-age forest without grazing < middle-age forest with grazing < near-mature forest with grazing (P<0.05). Soil N mineralization rate increased with soil animal amounts, but no significant relationship with diversity. The contribution of soil animals to N mineralization was different for different ecosystems due to influences of complex factors including grazing, soil characteristics, the quality and amount of litter on N mineralization.
基金supported by Special Project on the Integration of Industry,Education and Research of Guangdong Provine(2013B090600060)National Key R&D Program of China(2018YFC1604205)National Natural Science Foundation of China(31760431)。
文摘Silkworm pupa is a nourishing food with high nutritional value,but its consumption has been greatly limited given its allergenicity.Enzyme hydrolytic technique is recognized as an effective method to reduce the allergenicity of protein.In this study,we aimed to investigate the effect of enzymolysis on the allergenicity of silkworm pupa.Crude silkworm pupa protein was extracted through alkali extraction and acid precipitation,which included 5 proteins with the molecular weights ranging from 34 kDa to 76 kDa,and silkworm pupa were then hydrolyzed by alkaline protease.The allergenicity of silkworm pupa protein and its enzymatic hydrolysates was evaluated by establishing BALB/c mice model,and the mice were immunized via intragastric gavage and intraperitoneal injection,respectively.The results indicated that the intraperitoneal inj ection immunization route induced more by detecting with antibodies,histamine and Th2-related cytokines.Moreover,mice treated with silkworm pupa protein peptide displayed no obvious allergic symptoms,indicating that enzyme hydrolytic technique could significantly reduce the allergenicity of silkworm pupa.
